warm up iron can form two different oxides ….. fe 2 o 3 and feo. we know for absolute certainty...
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Warm Up
Iron can form two different oxides ….. Fe2O3 and FeO. We know for absolute certainty that an oxygen anion always has a -2 charge. What is going on here … how can there be two iron oxides???
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Warm Up-Answer
-Turns out we need to balance charges such that compound has zero charge
- So in FeO if we have 1 oxygen atom that is always a -2 charge then (1 O atom)(-2) = -2 …..
so then our Fe must have a +2 charge to balance out (1 Fe atom)(+2) = +2 …. +2 and -2 cancel out
-With Fe2O3 we have (3 O atoms)(-2) = -6So (2 Fe)(???) = +6The answer is of course +3 ….
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Warm Up - Answer
FeO has a +2 charged iron cationFe2O3 has a +3 charged iron cation
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Ion Formation and Naming Ions
Chapter 7.1/9.1
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Learning Objectives• You will know what valence electrons are and how
to determine how many.
• You will be able to draw electron dot structures of 1A-8A elements
• You will understand the octet rule and how it leads to stable cations and anions
• You will learn how to name simple anions and cations
• You will understand how to name transition metals and polyatomic ions
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Valence Electrons
–Electrons in the highest occupied energy level (s and p only)
–Determines chemical properties of element–Equals the group number (A series)– Involved in chemical bonding
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Lewis Dot Structures
–Diagrams that show the valence electrons of an atom using dots
–Also called electron dot structures
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Octet Rule
– Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons
– Goal to be isoelectronic to a noble gas
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Special Vocabulary
Isoelectronic–Ions that have the same electron
configuration
Halide ions–When the halogen group elements
become ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-)
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Monoatomic Ions
Single atom with a positive or negative charge. Occurs when lose (cation) or gain (anion) valence electrons
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
Li+ Be2+ B3+ N3- O2- F-
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S2- Cl-
K+ Ca2+ As3- Se2- Br-
Rb+ Sr2+ I-
Cs+ Ba2+
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Naming Cations
Naming of cation usually involves the name of the element plus the word ion
Na+ would be called sodium ion
–Alternative techniques for variable charge ions (transition elements)
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Naming Transition Metal Ions
Symbol Modern name
Cu+ Copper(I) ion
Cu2+ Copper(II) ion
Fe2+ Iron(II) ion
Fe3+ Iron(III) ion
Sn2+ Tin(II) ion
Sn4+ Tin(IV) ion
A few transition metals only have one charge and roman numerals are not used … Ag+, Cd2+, Zn2+
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Naming Anions
Naming of anion– Monatomic anion ends in –ide
Not chlorine … chloride
Not oxygen … oxide
Not nitrogen … nitride
– Many anions are polyatomic – need to memorize the more common ones … chart I gave you today.
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Polyatomic Anions
Ions that are composed of more than one atom. Most are anions (negative charge).
SO42-
sulfateThe names of most polyatomic anions end in –ite or –ate.
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Homework
Chapter 7.1 (Read!!) page 193 (#3-9) page 207-208 (#31,32, 62)
Chapter 9.1 (Read!!)page 258 (#4,5,8,9) page 281 (#42-46)