warm up: pg work silently. raise hand to ask ms. hughes anything. 1.get a pink packet from the side...
TRANSCRIPT
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Warm Up: Pg Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything.
1. Get a pink packet from the side shelves. 2. Do NOT write the question, only the answer.3. Do NOT write in the packet. Write on a SEPARATE
sheet. Label the warm up with the date.4. This is GEE practice so you must put an answer for
EVERY question even if it’s a guess. Leave NOTHING blank.
5. After time we will go over them.6. When finished, put the papers in the CORRECT order.
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Announcements
• Unit 6 test this Friday (3/12)
• If you have not taken 5 chemistry tests yet this semester, see me after to arrange a make up
• Retake GLEs for GRADE BOOST
THIRD QUARTER END THIS FRIDAY!!!
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Mystery Element
• Named for the sons of the Earth goddess in Greek mythology
• Very strong and very light
• Used in surgical pins and artificial hips
• 10,000lbs of it are used to make a Boeing 747
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Take 1
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Counting Eggs
• Often times instead of counting individual eggs we count them in groups of 12– 1 dozen = 12
– 3 dozen eggs OR 36 eggs
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Counting Molecules: The Mole
• Instead of counting individual molecules we count groups of 6.022 x 1023.
– 1 mole = 6.022 x 1023
– 6.022 x 1023 = 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000
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Moles and Weight
• Because every compound is made of different atoms, every compound weighs a different amount.
• So, 1 mole of different compounds would also weigh a different amount.
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What are solutions?
• Homogeneous mixture in which one substance dissolves in another.
• Parts of a solution:– Solute: the substance that dissolves
– Solvent: the substance that does the dissolving
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How do solutes “dissolve”?
• Solvation: solvent particles pull apart and surround solute particles.
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Observe the following solutions:
• If these solutions are made of the same solute and solvents, why do they look different?
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Concentration
• Concentration measures the ratio of the number of molecules to the amount of solvent (usually water)
• If there are a lot of molecules in a little water the solution is concentrated
• If there are few molecules in a lot of water the solution is dilute
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Molarity
• Molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution
• The unit for molarity is mol/L
V
molM
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Molality
• Molality is the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of substance per kilogram of a solvent
• The unit for molality is mol/kg
kg
molm
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Normality
• Normality is the concentration of a solution expressed in gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution
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Molarity Example Problem
• You have 3.50L of a solution that contains 40 mol of sodium chloride (NaCl). What is the molarity of that solution?
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Molality Example Problem
• A solution was prepared by dissolving 20 mol of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 125 g of water. Find the molal concentration of this solution.
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Normality Example Problem
• A solution was prepared by dissolving 10 mol of Li2O in 4 L of H2O. What is the normality with respect to the Li+ ion?
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Salt, Pasta Water, and Snow
• Anyone ever been told to add salt to boiling water so the pasta will cook faster?– Does this actually work?
• Why do northern cities own trucks whose job it is to pour salt on the roads when it snows?
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Solubility and Ionization
• Like dissolves Like– Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents– Ionic solutes are polar
• When an ionic solute dissolves, it breaks into its ions– This is called ionization– NaCl dissolves into 2 particles– CaCl2 dissolves into 3 particles– C12H22O11 dissolves into 1 particle (its not ionic)
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BP and FP Changes
• A substance’s BP and FP change when something is dissolved– The ions hold onto the liquid particles tightly
• Answer the following questions. Explain your answer in a complete sentence
– If the ions are holding on the water particles more tightly, will it be harder or easier to boil the water? Will the Boiling Point be higher or lower?
– If the ions are holding on the water particles more tightly, will it be harder or easier to freeze the water? Will the Freezing Point be higher or lower?
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Why?
• Explain, in complete sentences, why people add salt to water to make the pasta cook faster.
• Explain, in complete sentences, why salt is added to roads when it snows.
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BP and FP Change Equation
kmiT Change in temperature
constant
molality
Number of dissolved particles
kg
molm
kb for water is 0.51 °C/m
kf for water is -1.86 °C/m
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Why called “colligative” property?
• Colligative means it doesn’t matter what the solute is, only how much of it there is
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An Example
• What is the boiling point of a 0.75 m MgF2 if water is the solvent?
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Practice Questions
• Which of the following will increase the boiling point of solvent the most?– 1 m NaCl– 1 m C12H22O11
– 1 m CaCl2– 1 m Al2O3
– 1 m MgO
• What is the freezing point of a salt (NaCl) water solution with a molality of 3 m?
Question #1 Question #2
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More Practice
• What is the molarity of a solution with 2.0 moles of CaCl2 in 4 L of H2O?
• What is the molality of a solution with 4.0 moles of CaCl2 in 6 L of H2O?
• What is the boiling point of a solution with 4 m CaCl2 in water?
Practice Quietly by yourself. Raise you hand if you have a question
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Complete Concentration and Colligative Properties worksheet
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Lab
• Read the directions carefully
• Listen for my call to rotate
• Rotate clockwise
• Always leave your station clean
• Do NOT leave your station until it’s time to rotate
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Done Early?
• Start on homework
• Conferences
• Make up work– intermolecular forces worksheet and foldable– Retake or make up TESTS!!!
• Work quietly, be respectful
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Sum up
• What did we learn today?
• HW: – Unfinished classwork
• Top Ten: – How’d we do?