warm-up why do you think humans stopped being nomads and formed civilizations?
TRANSCRIPT
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Warm-up
• Why do you think humans stopped being nomads and formed civilizations?
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The Stone Age
• The Stone Age lasted almost 2 million years!• The Stone Age is divided into 3 different time
periods:– Paleolithic (Paleo = Early)– Mesolithic (Meso = Middle) – Neolithic (Neo = New)
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The Stone Age
• Paleolithic Age (2 million years ago to 12,000 BCE)– Hunter-gatherers that moved from place to place– The climate began to get warmer– Made and used flint tools
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The Stone Age
• Mesolithic Age (12,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE) – Climate continued to get warmer– The microlith was invented- A small triangular
shaped blade of stone used in knives and spears– Other inventions: boats from hollowed logs,
fishing nets and hooks
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The Stone Age
• Neolithic Revolution (10,000 BCE to 2,000 BCE)– Agriculture: People learned how to plant and
harvest crops– People began to live in cities and towns– The first governments were formed
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The Neolithic Revolution• People began to settle in the “Fertile Crescent”
between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers– This is where the world’s first farmers began– Today, these countries are Iraq, Syria, Israel, and
Turkey
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The Neolithic Revolution
• Most historians believe that women were the first farmers
• They believe that the women noticed patterns in the growth of wild plants and learned how to cultivate plants
• Cultivate- Using land for growing crops
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The Neolithic Revolution
• Domestication- Growing plants to eat or using animals for work and food
• Humans began to domesticate dogs to help with hunting about 12,000 BCE
• Farm animals were domesticated around 8,000 BCE (goats, sheep, cows, pigs)
• The animals were used as a food source (meat and milk) and to do work in the fields (plowing)
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The Neolithic Revolution
• Because fewer people were needed in the fields for farming and hunting, they could specialize in other trades:– Making tools and weapons– Building houses– Making clothes– Merchants
• Specialization led to innovation, and innovation led to improvement in people's lives
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Bronze Age
• 4,500 BCE – 500 BCE• Humans began to use bronze tools for
hunting and farming• The bronze tools were stronger and
sharper than the stone tools • The first written language was
created during this time
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Iron Age
• Lasted from 1000 BCE to 1 CE• At the end of the Bronze age, humans started
to use iron and steel because it was stronger• The iron plow was a very important
advancement in technology.