Warming up of the Cold Warming up of the Cold WarWar

United NationsUnited Nations

• New International peace keeping New International peace keeping organizationorganization

• 191 members today191 members today

• Membership in the United Nations is open Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the to all peace-loving states which accept the obligations of the Charter and, in the obligations of the Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization, are willing judgement of the Organization, are willing and able to carry out these obligations.and able to carry out these obligations.

Battle for territoryBattle for territory

• Poland issue: ElectionsPoland issue: Elections• United States: United States:

– Roosevelt passes away, Truman becomes Roosevelt passes away, Truman becomes PresidentPresident

– Wanted to bring democracy and economic Wanted to bring democracy and economic opportunity to Europeopportunity to Europe

– Open up new markets Open up new markets

• Soviet Union:Soviet Union:– Rebuild to protect their interestRebuild to protect their interest– Satellite nations to serve as buffer zones against Satellite nations to serve as buffer zones against

attacksattacks

Soviet Union gains groundSoviet Union gains ground

• Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Hungary, Romania,

• Iron Curtain has fallen Iron Curtain has fallen – Communist domination and oppressionCommunist domination and oppression

United States: ContainmentUnited States: Containment

• Resist attempts to form Communist Resist attempts to form Communist governments elsewhere in the worldgovernments elsewhere in the world

• Critics say policy is too moderateCritics say policy is too moderate• Kennan: argued that the Soviet system Kennan: argued that the Soviet system

bears within it the seeds of its own decaybears within it the seeds of its own decay• Truman Doctrine:Truman Doctrine:

– “…“…. It must be the policy of the United States . It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.” destinies in their own way.”

Entering the Atomic AgeEntering the Atomic Age

• Atomic BombAtomic Bomb• Catastrophic nuclear was war became a Catastrophic nuclear was war became a

backdrop to the Cold War policies of both backdrop to the Cold War policies of both the United States and the Soviet Unionthe United States and the Soviet Union

• http://http://video.google.com/videosearch?hlvideo.google.com/videosearch?hl==en&rlsen&rls=GWYG,GWYG:2006-34,GWYG:en&sa==GWYG,GWYG:2006-34,GWYG:en&sa=N&resnumN&resnum=0&q=Atomic%20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=U=0&q=Atomic%20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=TF-8&tab=wvwv

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

• Help restore the war-torn nations of Help restore the war-torn nations of Europe to create stable democracies Europe to create stable democracies and achieve economic recoveryand achieve economic recovery

• 21 million homeless21 million homeless• Poland: lost 20% of populationPoland: lost 20% of population• 1 of 5 houses in France lost1 of 5 houses in France lost• U.S. sent $13 billion in grants and U.S. sent $13 billion in grants and

loans to Western Europeloans to Western Europe

Berlin airliftBerlin airlift

• Background: Germany was split into 4 regions Background: Germany was split into 4 regions between U.S., Britain, France & Russiabetween U.S., Britain, France & Russia

• France, G.B. & U.S. create Federal Republic of France, G.B. & U.S. create Federal Republic of GermanyGermany

• Russia responds with creating German Democratic Russia responds with creating German Democratic RepublicRepublic

• Currency issue arises between West and East Currency issue arises between West and East GermanyGermany

• Russia imposes a blockade to cut off Western helpRussia imposes a blockade to cut off Western help• Truman decides using the military was not an optionTruman decides using the military was not an option• Airlift for the next 15 months supply the 2.5 million Airlift for the next 15 months supply the 2.5 million

people in Western Berlin with supplies, Russia drops people in Western Berlin with supplies, Russia drops the blockadethe blockade

NATONATO

• North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization– ““an armed attack against one or more of an armed attack against one or more of

the … shall be considered an attack against the … shall be considered an attack against them all.” a.k.a. – collective securitythem all.” a.k.a. – collective security

– United States, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, United States, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway and PortugalNetherlands, Norway and Portugal

– Soviets respond with Warsaw PactSoviets respond with Warsaw Pact

Soviets Atomic ThreatSoviets Atomic Threat

• Truman gives the go ahead for the Truman gives the go ahead for the hydrogen and thermonuclear bombhydrogen and thermonuclear bomb– http://video.google.com/videoplay?docidhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid

=1985737185922472207&q=Hydrogen=1985737185922472207&q=Hydrogen+Bomb&hl=en+Bomb&hl=en

– http://video.google.com/videoplay?docidhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8098048851327369510&q=Hydrogen=-8098048851327369510&q=Hydrogen+Bomb&hl=en+Bomb&hl=en

Communism enters ChinaCommunism enters China

• Communists Mao Communists Mao Zedong v. Jiang Zedong v. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)shek)

• Mao Zedong & Mao Zedong & communist communist followers take over followers take over Peking (now Beijing) Peking (now Beijing) declare Communist declare Communist statestate