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Warren County Schools

Optimal Organization Patterns

For PreK-8 Schools

Szostak Design, Inc.

www.szostakdesign.com

WARREN COUNTY SCHOOLS OPTIMAL ORGANIZATION PATTERNS FOR PREK-8 SCHOOLS

SZOSTAK DESIGN and Educational Leadership for Success, LLC



For PreK-8 Schools



Goals of this Report

The purpose of this Study is to identify and explore viable Options for arranging

PreK-8th Grade School Facilities to achieve improved academic outcomes and

reduce operating costs for the Warren County School System, as a basis for

starting a conversation about direction and opportunities for the future.



For PreK-8 Schools



Options Explored

Option 1 - Construct or renovate to create classrooms of appropriate size for each

of the existing schools: Three elementary schools, one PK-8 School, and maintain

the Middle School as-is;

Option 2 - Consolidate the three Elementary Schools and one PK-8 School into

two PK-5 Schools, and maintain the current Middle School as-is;

Option 3 - Create two Pre-Kindergarten through Eighth Grade Campuses, utilizing

the existing Middle School Campus and selecting a site for the other Campus that

would be equidistant from the areas that it will serve.

Option 4 - Create one Pre-Kindergarten through Eighth Grade Campus, for the

south and east portions of the County. Construct or renovate so as to create

classrooms of appropriate size for Mariam Boyd and Northside as PK-5 Schools,

and maintain the Middle School as-is.



For PreK-8 Schools



The Study examines:

- The condition of each existing campus; building shell, systems, and built in

features.

- Compares the Program Areas within those facilities to verify compliance with the

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction Minimum Facilities Standards.

- Looks at campus expenditures for heat and air conditioning, electricity, staffing,

and bus transportation in order to see if savings will accrue through the

consolidation of campuses.

An initial review of the Re-Organization Document suggests there are areas of

savings for Operational Budgets as well as potential opportunities for further Facility

Development that may be of significant benefit to the entire County.

Executive Summary



For PreK-8 Schools



Annual Operational Savings

Simply reducing the number of Elementary Schools from four to two (Option 2) will

yield a 31% reduction in energy costs and a 28% reduction in non-instructional

staff costs.

Option 4 retains Mariam Boyd and Northside as Elementary Schools (PK-

5) as well as the existing Middle School, and adds a PK–8 School for the south

and east parts of the county. This Option will save 26% over the current energy

budget and 15% over current non-instructional staffing.

Option 3, revising the Middle School to be a PreK – 8 School and providing

a new PreK – 8 School for the south and east of the County, rather than having

any Elementary Schools, will yield the largest Operational Savings, reducing

energy costs by 54% and non-instructional staff costs by 44%.

Option 1 will yield little or no savings for energy costs and no savings for staffing

costs.



For PreK-8 Schools



Condition of Existing Facilities

The School System has done an excellent job anticipating long term

maintenance needs at all of the campuses. Unfortunately, as curriculum and

program needs change and Building Codes and Accessibility Requirements are

updated these structures have become obsolete.

Classrooms are, generally, at least 20 percent below the recommended size for

each age group served.

Vaughan Elementary – Typical Classroom

South Warren Elementary - Classroom and Computer Stations



For PreK-8 Schools




Cabinetry, classroom storage, countertops and computer work stations are

universally deficient.

Acoustics in many of these spaces that lack lay-in acoustical ceilings are

problematic.

South Warren Elementary – Typical Classroom Casework

Northside PreK-8 - Typical Classroom Casework

Hard Ceilings

=

Noisy rooms



For PreK-8 Schools




Plumbing fixtures and trim tend to be quite old, although toilet partitions have

been upgraded in recent years. Many Toilet Rooms do not comply with current

Accessibility Rules that require a stall large enough for a wheel chair to turn

around in, as well as an ambulatory accessible stall.

Mariam Boyd Elementary – Typical Rest Room

South Warren - Typical Water Coolers



For PreK-8 Schools




Acoustical ceilings, ADA, HVAC, Lighting are among the general deficiencies.

Mariam Boyd Elementary – Cafetorium

Vaughan Elementary – Windows

At Vaughan, the windows are single pane and do not meet State Egress Requirements.

Minimum

Egress Window

Size



For PreK-8 Schools



OPTION 1 Upgrade each Existing School

OPTION 2 2 Elementary and 1 Middle

School

Options: 1 and 2



For PreK-8 Schools



OPTION 3 2 Pre-Kindergarten through

Eighth Grade Campuses

OPTION 4 2 Elementary, 1 PreK – 8 School,

and 1 Middle School

Options: 3 and 4



For PreK-8 Schools



Options: Comparison Chart

Option 2 Annual Savings - $444,891



SCHOOL ADM 15/16

CLASSROOM CAPACITY 24

per rm

CORE CAPACITY

CLASSROOM UTILIZATION

CORE UTILIZATION

ENERGY COSTS***

BUS MILEAGE BUS COSTS $2.10/MILE X

180 DAYS STAFFING* CAPITAL COSTS** ENERGY SAVINGS STAFF COSTS STAFF SAVINGS

TOTAL ANNUAL SAVINGS

Upgrade Existing Schools (Option 1) $378.00 $25,000

Mariam Boyd Elementary 314 384 520 82% 60% $ 57,073.51 331 $125,118.00 6.50 $ 2,293,500.00

Northside Elementary**** 397 696 510 57% 78% $ 88,378.58 672 $254,016.00 6.60 $ 3,726,225.00

South Warren Elementary 176 312 510 56% 35% $ 52,798.99 657 $248,346.00 6.00 $ 1,092,750.00

Vaughan Elementary 237 336 662 71% 36% $ 49,870.86 860 $325,080.00 6.00 $ 2,593,500.00

Total - Elementary Schools 1124 1728 2202 65% 51% $ 248,121.94 2520 $952,560.00 25.10 $ 9,705,975.00

Warren Middle 385 600 1012 64% 38% $ 213,045.58 1689 $638,442.00 7.00 $ -

Total - All Existing 1509 2328 3214 65% $ 461,167.52 4209 $1,591,002.00 32.10 $ 19,411,950.00 0 $802,500.00 0 $0.00

2 Elementary (Option 2)

Vaughan (w/ South Warren) 413 624 750 66% 55% $ 110,000.00 1003 $379,134.00 6.50 $ 6,250,605.00

Northside (w/Mariam Boyd) 711 780 750 91% 95% $ 92,000.00 1517 $573,426.00 6.50 $ 3,361,225.00

Total - Elementary Schools 1124 1200 1500 94% 75% $ 202,000.00 2520 $952,560.00 13.00 $ 9,611,830.00

Middle 385 600 1012 64% 38% $ 116,776.33 1689 $638,442.00 7.00 $ -

Total - All Option 2 1509 1800 2512 84% $ 318,776.33 4209 $1,591,002.00 20.00 $ 19,223,660.00 $ 142,391.19 $500,000.00 $302,500.00 $ 444,891.19

2 PK-8 (Option 3)

Existing Middle to PK-8 n/a 832 900 n/a 100% $ 120,000.00 2600 $982,800.00 9.00 $ 9,000,000.00

New PK-8 n/a 832 850 n/a 100% $ 90,000.00 1600 $604,800.00 9.00 $ 21,447,790.00

Total - Option 3 n/a 1664 1750 n/a $ 210,000.00 4200 $1,587,600.00 18.00 $ 30,447,790.00 $ 251,167.52 $450,000.00 $352,500.00 $ 603,667.52

$378.00

PreK - 8, 2 PreK - 5, and Middle School (Option 4)

PreK - 8 472 600 600 79% 79% $ 80,000.00 1517 $573,426.00 7.00 $ 20,000,000.00

(above includes Vaughan & South Warren area middle school students)

Mariam Boyd Elementary 314 384 520 82% 60% $ 57,073.51 331 $125,118.00 6.50 $ 2,293,500.00

Northside Elementary**** 397 696 510 57% 78% $ 88,378.58 672 $254,016.00 6.60 $ 3,726,225.00

Middle 326 600 1012 54% 32% $ 116,776.33 1689 $500,000.00 7.00 $ -

(above reduces adm by the number of Vaughan & S. Warren area students) (estimate)

Total - All Option 4 1509 2280 2642 63% 62% $ 342,228.42 4209 $1,452,560.00 27.10 $ 26,019,725.00 $ 118,939.10 $677,500.00 $125,000.00 $ 243,939.10

Total of existing, for reference 1509 2328 3214 65% 65% $ 461,167.52 4209 $1,591,002.00 32.10 $ 19,411,950.00

* Non-Classroom Staff FTE **Reference Separate Chart ***$0.90/square foot/year, for new construction ****includes 7 classroom modular building



For PreK-8 Schools



We have looked at the schools from four viewpoints:

1. Is the facility capable of being upgraded? (Would renovations be cost

prohibitive?)

2. Is there space within the current facility to expand specific program elements?

(Can a Media Center or Administration be expanded to meet current

Program needs within the current building?

3. Is there sufficient space on the campus to accommodate the necessary

upgrades?

4. Is the campus located in reasonable proximity to the students it serves?

5. Based on current ADM and minimal anticipated growth for the foreseeable

future we have developed “ideal” minimum functional programs for a Warren

County Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 5 School as well as for a Pre-

Kindergarten through Grade 8 School.

Methodology for Evaluation



For PreK-8 Schools



Both Option One and Option Two appear to require approximately $20 million to

upgrade to current curricular standards. Option Three will cost in the neighborhood

of $36 million to meet the State Standards. Option Four finds a balance between

the various arrangements. We have not included the cost of land in our

evaluation, as this can vary greatly among localities as can the provision of utilities

at new sites.

While a new PreK-8 campus will need to be funded and constructed at once, the

other improvements can and should be phased, as the facilities must remain

occupied during the renovation and expansion period.

Phasing may be undertaken in either two or three parts, depending only on

financing issues. There is sufficient space in any of the schools to temporarily re-

assign students in order to facilitate the expansion.

Capital Cost Needs



For PreK-8 Schools



The approximate anticipated total annual savings (Option 2, $445,000; Option 3,

$604,000; Option 4, $244,000) can be used as partial payment for loans, to reduce

debt service below the levels which may require additional revenue sources.

Revised bus routes and combining Middle School children with Elementary

children may also contribute to cost savings for Options 2, 3, and 4, but this

calculation is outside the scope of this Study.

Although some of the existing campuses that are considered for renovation are

not particularly energy-efficient this can be partially offset through the expansion

and update process. And consolidation of facilities will also significantly reduce

per capita annual energy costs.

These are options, not specific recommendations. The governing boards can

consider these options when undertaking long-range planning for county school

facility needs. As all facilities tend to remain in use for about 60 years, both initial

capital costs and annual operating costs will significantly impact school budgets.

The new construction and renovation will significantly reduce annual operating

costs. Reductions in operating costs will help to offset capital expenditures.

Save Money to Help Pay For New Facilities and

Improvements



For PreK-8 Schools



Option One – Mariam Boyd

Before After



For PreK-8 Schools



Option One – Northside

Before

After



For PreK-8 Schools



Option One Option One – South Warren

Before

After



For PreK-8 Schools



Option One - Vaughan

Before

After



For PreK-8 Schools



Option Two - Northside



For PreK-8 Schools



Option Two - Vaughan



For PreK-8 Schools



Option Three – Existing Middle School - Before



For PreK-8 Schools



Option Three – Existing Middle School as PreK - 8



For PreK-8 Schools



Option Three – PreK - 8



For PreK-8 Schools



Option Four – PreK – 8 for Southern Area



For PreK-8 Schools



PROPOSED PK-8 FACILITIES - PROJECT BUDGETS

Proposed 850 Student Pre‐K to 8th Grade Facility for Warren County Schools Proposed 600 Student Pre‐K to 8th Grade Facility for Warren County Schools

Department/Activity

General Classrooms

Space

Pre‐K

Unit Area

1400

Quantity

4

Total Area

5600

Dept./Activity Areas Department/Activity

General Classrooms

Space

Pre‐K

Unit Area

1400

Quantity

3

Total Area

4200

Dept./Activity Areas

K 1200 4 4800 K 1200 3 3600 1 1200 5 6000 1 1200 3 3600 2 1000 4 4000 2 1000 3 3000 3 1000 5 5000 3 1000 3 3000 4 900 4 3600 4 900 3 2700 5 900 5 4500 5 900 3 2700 6 900 4 3600 6 900 3 2700 7 900 5 4500 7 900 3 2700 8 900 4 3600 8 900 3 2700 45,200.00 30,900.00

Science Classrooms 6th‐8th 1000 2 2000 Science Classrooms 6th‐8th 1000 2 2000 Prep Room 250 2 500 Prep Room 250 2 500 2,500.00 2,500.00

Physical Education Multipurpose 3600 1 3600 Physical Education Multipurpose 3600 1 3600 Gymnasium 5000 1 5000 Gymnasium 5000 1 5000 8,600.00 8,600.00

Remedial and Resource LD 450 2 900 Remedial and Resource LD 450 2 900 EC 450 2 900 EC 450 2 900 AG 450 2 900 AG 450 2 900 ESL 450 2 900 ESL 450 2 900 3,600.00 3,600.00

Administration Principal 200 1 200 Administration Principal 200 1 200 Assistant Principal 150 1 150 Assistant Principal 150 1 150 Reception 400 1 400 Reception 400 1 400 Secretary 150 1 150 Secretary 150 1 150 NCWISE 150 1 150 NCWISE 150 1 150 Workroom 200 1 200 Workroom 200 1 200 Storage 200 1 200 Storage 200 1 200 Conference 200 1 200 Conference 200 1 200 Guidance 450 1 450 Guidance 450 1 450 Counselor 150 1 150 Counselor 150 1 150 Health (incl. Toilet) 250 1 250 Health (incl. Toilet) 250 1 250 Other Services 150 1 150 Other Services 150 1 150 2,650.00 2,650.00

Media RLV 3500 1 3500 Media RLV 3500 1 3500 Video Production 1000 1 1000 Video Production 1000 1 1000 Work Room 600 1 600 Work Room 600 1 600 Professional Library 150 1 150 Professional Library 150 1 150 Conference 150 1 150 Conference 150 1 150 Equipment 200 1 200 Equipment 200 1 200 5,600.00 5,600.00

Food Service Dining (4 seatings) 3200 1 3200 Food Service Dining (4 seatings) 3200 1 3200 Kitchen 2100 1 2100 Kitchen 2100 1 2100 5,300.00 5,300.00

Net Area 73,450.00

Net‐to‐gross Multiplier 1.4 102,830.00

Net Area 59,150.00

Net‐to‐gross Multiplier 1.4 82,810.00 PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST $ 185.00 $/SF $ 19,023,550.00 PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST $ 185.00 $/SF $ 15,319,850.00 PROBABLE PROJECT COST ‐ INCLUDES SOFT COST 1.4 $ 26,632,970.00 PROBABLE PROJECT COST ‐ INCLUDES SOFT COST 1.4 $ 21,447,790.00

Probable Construction Cost for New PreK – 8 Schools



For PreK-8 Schools



Potential for Expanded Use of New Facilities and

Re-Purposing of Old Ones Potential for Development of Community Recreation and Arts Facilities

Many school districts have included community-oriented facilities within new school buildings. This has the positive effects of making the school building the center of the community and allowing for extended use of the facility beyond the standard eight- hour school day. This will maximize local resources and greatly improve the quality of life in the community. One example that communities have come to expect in a new school is a fixed-seat

auditorium. If correctly planned, this type of space can be used by traveling orchestras, local

bands, theater groups, dance groups, and by the school itself for curriculum or clubs. A

larger facility of this type can also be used for choral, film, traveling shows, the NC Symphony,

and convocations.

Examples of Academic Auditoriums for 300 to 1350 seats



For PreK-8 Schools



Other schools team with the county recreation departments to provide gymnasium/ ballfield facilities and indoor swimming pools. The latter are often the single opportunity for children to learn swimming within the county. Examples of this type of partnership include: Pinecrest Auditorium in Southern Pines; Green Hope Elementary Gymnasium in Cary; Smith High School Pool in Guilford County. The long-

term benefits are immeasurable when school systems and county-wide organizations share resources by consolidating arts and recreation centers.


Re-Purposing of Old Ones

Buffaloe Road Aquatics Center

Town of Cary/Green Hope Elementary School Shared Gym



For PreK-8 Schools



Potential Community Uses for Existing Facilities

Although some of the buildings at each campus may be removed as obsolete or unnecessary, many of the existing buildings can be re-purposed as valuable support facilities for their communities. The uses that are commonly found in other counties include the creation of Emergency Services Centers, Social and Health Services for the community, satellite Community College programs, County Recreation Centers, and Senior Centers. Cost to the County for renovations to accommodate any of these uses will range from $50 to $100 per

square foot for each retained portion of the campus.


Re-Purposing of Old Ones

Re-Purposed for Southern Pines Boys and Girls Club

Re-Purposed for Central Carolina Community College



For PreK-8 Schools



The Next Step is to have the conversation

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