Student Name: ____________________ Class: ____________6 th Grade Science: Shepherd and Watson

Plants, Protists and

Fungi Benchmark

ReviewDear Parents,Your child will be taking the Plants, Protists and Fungi Benchmark on Thurs. Mar. 1 st . Please ensure that you use this guide to quiz them prior to the benchmark. In addition, please remind your child to check PowerSchool and complete any missing assignments they may have including USA Test Prep assignments. **Please sign below indicating that you have read this note. Thanks for your support!Return completed and signed for a homework grade by Thursday, March 1 st .

Parent Signature: ______________________________Variables: Controlled, Manipulated/Independent, or Responding/Dependent?

1. CONTROLLED VARIABLES: These are the variables that are kept the ______________ during your experiment.

2. MANIPULATED/__________________ VARIABLES: This is the ONE variable that you _____________ on purpose in your experiment. It is what you are _______________.

3. RESPONDING/________________ VARIABLES: This is the outcome of your experiment because of what you changed.

4. Fill in the graph below.

Problem Independent (What I change)

Dependent (What I’m trying to find)

Controlled (What I keep the same)

Which conditioner is the best to use in my hair?

5. Only __________ variable can be manipulated (changed) during an experiment.6. DRY MIX is a way to remember where you will find the variables on a graph.

D

R

Y

M

I

X

Use the graph to the right to answer the following questions.

7. What is the independent variable? ___________________________________

8. What is the dependent variable?___________________________________

9. Based on the graph, what year had approximately 35,000 visitors? __________

Protists

10. ________________________________

11. A type of protist that moves with its ________________. It is unicellular (1 cell). It is both autotrophic and heterotrophic. It is a plant-like protists because it has _______________ that can make food through ______________________.

12. __________________________________

13. A type of protist that moves with its __________________. It is unicellular (1 cell). It is heterotrophic.

14. __________________________________

15. A type of protist that moves with its __________________. It is unicellular (1 cell). It is heterotrophic.

16. Protists can animal-like, where they ___________ and capture food.17. They can fungus-like, absorbing nutrients from other organisms by __________________ on them.18. Or protists can be plant-like, using chloroplast to _______________________.

Fungi Kingdom

19. Fungi includes organisms such as yeast, molds, and mushrooms. There are three main ways that fungi obtain energy: 20. _________________________: Fungi get their energy from __________________ organic matter.

For example: old bread, dead trees, etc.

21. _________________________: Fungi that feed on other living organisms (host) and ____________________

the host.

(cordyceps) (athlete’s foot)

22. ______________________________: Fungi that feed on other living organisms (host) but ___________________________ the host. In many cases, the host benefits from the fungi. (Ex: obtaining sugar from plants and in exchange, making way for water and nutrients to easily enter the plant’s roots).

Structure of the Mushroom

23. Fungi respond to __________________: Their caps and stalks will grow in the direction of light. ____________________ is the way an organism responds to light. Hyphae will grow away from gravity. This is known as ____________________ and is the way an organism grows or moves in response to gravity. However, when fungal species mature, they tend to display _________________________________ (grow in the opposite direction of gravity).

24. Because fungi do not have roots, they use ___________________. Hyphae are long fibrous strands that allow the fungus to obtain _________________ and nutrients. The hyphae will grow toward a food source, water, or even toward the reproductive parts of other fungi known as ____________________.

25. A group of hyphae underground is known as a _________________________.Photosynthesis, Respiration, Transpiration

26. Photosynthesis: The process by which a plant makes its _____________ and ______________.

27. ___________ is taken up through the plant’s roots and travels up the stem through the _____________.28. ___________ from the sun is absorbed into ________________of the leaf. The chloroplasts contain a green

pigment called ________________that absorbs the light energy. 29. ___________ is taken in through small openings in the underside of the leaf called ____________.30. _________________ are in the stomata and control the opening and closing of the stomata. 31. The water, sun’s energy, and carbon dioxide all mix together in the chloroplasts and form the plant’s

______________. 32. The sugar is transported throughout the plant through ______________ tubes. 33. During photosynthesis, ______________is also produced. The oxygen is released into the air through the

stomata.

Respiration and Transpiration

5. After a plant makes its food (sugar), it needs a way to use that sugar for ___________. This process is called _______________. Respiration happens when ____________ enters the leaf through its _____________. When the oxygen combines with the ___________, the sugar is broken down into ______________ and ___________. Then, energy is released, and the plant can use it to perform its life functions. Water and carbon dioxide are then released from the plant through its stomata. ____________________ is the word we use to describe how _____________ exits the plant through its stomata.

Vascular Plants Nonvascular Plants

35. Have vascular tubes to transport _________ and ____________.

____________ have vascular tubes; must transport water and food from cell to cell

36. Water moves by _______________ (water molecules stick to other materials) and _______________ (water molecules stick together)

Water moves by osmosis (across the cell’s membrane) and solutes move by diffusion (from an area of more to an area of less)

37. Have true ___________, ___________, and _____________.

________________ have true roots, stems, or leaves

38. Plants can grow _____________ ________________ grow tall; they grow very ________ to the ground

39. Habitat can be ____________ from water source Habitat ________________ be far from water40. Examples include: _______________ (such as

sequoia), grasses, dandelions, tomato plantsExamples include: Liverwort, hornwort, ________________

Parts of a SeedA seed belongs to the Plantae Kingdom. It is composed of four primary seed parts: 41. The first leaves and roots42. The _________________: this is the developing plant) 43. The ________________: this is the outer covering that _____________ the embryo while it is underground.

It also prevents the seed from _______________ out.44. The _______________________ (this is the food store for the

embryo while it is developing)

45. Label the parts of the seed in the picture?

Part A: _________________________Part B: _________________________Part C: _________________________

46. How does a monocot seed differ from a dicot seed?______________________________________________________

Osmosis Diffusion

______________________________________________________

Structural Adaptations for Reproduction

47. Flowering plants reproduce ____________ meaning they have ____________ and a _____________ reproductive parts.

48. All of the female parts are collectively called the _____________. The pistil is made up of the ____________, __________, ______________, and ____________. All of the male parts are collectively called the ____________. The stamen is made up of the ____________ and the ______________. Pollen, that contains the sperm cells, is produced in the _______________.

49. Which part is labeled I on the diagram? _______________50. Which part is where the pollen is produced?

_________________________51. Which letter is pointing to female part of the flower that receives the pollen during pollination? __________52. The stigma is very ____________. This

is where the pollen grains land. The pollen grains then slide down the style (which is a stalk), and a _________ __________ grows in it after pollination has taken place.

53. The ovary contains the ___________, where the egg cells are produced. Once the pollen has connected with the ovule, __________________ has occurred. Now, a seed will form and new plants will develop from the seed. A ___________ that is formed from the ovary often protects the _____________.

Fertilization54. __________ pollination involves the reproductive parts of the same flower, while _______________

pollination involve the reproductive parts of different flowers.55. In order for pollination to occur, pollen must travel from the ________________ of the male part to the

_______________ of the female part.56. The __________________ becomes the fruit and

the _______________ becomes the seed.57. In the Life Cycle of Flowering Plants, what

process is illustrated in this picture? _______________________________________

Tropisms

58. A _______________ is something that causes another thing to happen. A _______________ is the reaction to the stimulus.

59. Plants respond to ______________ in the environment by growing their stems, roots, or leaves toward or away from a stimulus. This response, or behavior, is called a _______________.

Examples of plant tropisms include: 60. Phototropism: “Photo” means _______________. Phototropism is the way a plant grows or moves in

response to light. In the diagram below, the plant is ______________ toward the source of light. 61. Label the stimulus and response on the picture below.

a. Number 1: ________________b. Number 2: ________________

62. Gravitropism also called Geotropism: “Gravi” refers to _________________. Gravitropism is the way a plant grows or moves in response to gravity (roots will grow ___________; stems and leaves will grow ______). In the diagram shown below, stems and leaves will always grow up (even when the plant is turned upside down).

63. Hydrotropism: “Hydro” means _______________. Hydrotropism is the way a plant grows or moves in response to water.

64. Thigmotropism: “Thigmo” means _____________. Thigmotropism is the way a plant grows or moves in response to touch. Below, the plant is moving it’s _____________ around the tree branch.

65. The Venus Fly Trap will also close when _________________.

Structural Adaptations for Survival and Defense

66. Plants have structures that allow them to ________________ in their habitats when the conditions are not _______________. Examples of parts of flowering plants that function for survival may be:

67. _________________: The leaves of a plant are important for the survival of a plant. This is the place where ______________________ (making of food), _____________________ (using its food for energy), and _________________ (releasing its water/waste).

68. _________________ ___________________ ____________________

69. __________________: The stems of a plant are important for the survival of a plant. The stems ______________ the plant and hold the leaves up to the ____________. The _______________ transports water from the ___________ to the _____________ and other plant parts. The ______________ transports food made in the ______________ to growing parts of the plant.

70. You placed a stalk of celery in a red solution and noticed that the next day, the leaves at the top of the celery leaf had turned red as well. What can infer about what might have happened?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

71. ___________________: The roots of a plant are important for the survival of a plant. The roots help __________________ the plant in the ground. They absorb _____________and __________________ from the soil and store extra ____________ for the plants.

72. _________________ roots have several main roots that branch off to form a mass of roots. Examples of plants with fibrous roots are ______________, corn, and some trees.

73. _______________ have one large, main root with smaller roots branching off. Examples are ________________, dandelions, or cacti.

74. The more surface area on the root that is available, the more water and nutrients it can absorb. _____________________ help to increase this surface area.

75. __________________: The seeds of a plant are important for the survival of a plant. They have special structures that allow them to be dispersed by ___________, ___________, or

_____________. 76. The seed coat helps protect the _______________ from injury and

also from drying out. 77. The picture below shows different ways seeds can be dispersed or

_________________________________.78. The seed remains _________________ until the conditions in its

environment is suitable for growth.

Plant Defense Plants defend themselves in a variety of ways:

79. _______________________ 80. _______________________ 81. ______________________

Animals will ____________ eating plants with thorns.

Some berries and leaves are ___________________. Animals avoid eating them.

Some plants will open and/or close when _________________.

Analyzing and Interpreting Data

82. Based on the graph, which of the following had the highest rate of photosynthesis?a. Higher CO2 concentration; higher temperatureb. Higher CO2 concentration; lower temperaturec. Lower CO2 concentration; lower temperature

83. What can be done to the plant on the bottom to increase the rate of photosynthesis?a. Increase the temperature onlyb. Increase concentration of CO2 onlyc. Increase both the temperature and the concentration of CO2

84. Look at the graph below. Which of the following is correct?

a. The plant stops growing after week 10b. The plant was 25cm tall on week 5

c. The plant was given 30 ml of waterd. The plant received no sunlight

85. What is the dependent variable in the experiment?a. Growthb. Timec. Waterd. Sunlight

86. What is the independent variable in the experiment?a. Growthb. Timec. Waterd. Sunlight