WRTSIL 2-STROKE GAS

1 Wrtsil Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 2012

Ship PowerMarch 2013

Natural Gas as marine fuel

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20122 Wrtsil

1965-72: low pressure loop scavenged engine 6RD76 tested in Winterthur7RNMD90 installed in 29400m3 LNG-carrier MV Venator in 1972

60s-70s Today

CO2

NOx

SOx

Particulates

Dual-Fuel enginein gas mode

Dieselengine

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Emissionvalues [%]

-25%

-85%

-100%

-99%

4 stroke DF results

Basic concept (2 stroke low pressure)

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20123 Wrtsil

Principles: Engine operating accordingly

to Otto process

Injection of gas at mid-stroke. Low pressure gas injection(

Other concept (2 stroke high pressure)

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20124 Wrtsil

Principles: Engine operating accordingly

to Diesel process

Injection of gas close to TDC. Air is completely compressed and, therefore, high pressure gas injection (300 bar) is required.

No significant NOX reduction

Requires SCR or EGR (not proven) in order to meet IMO Tier III levelsScavenging/

compressionPilot & HP gas

injection Expansion

Direct injection, diffusion combustion

Otto & Diesel cycle: effects on NOX

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20125 Wrtsil

Big temperature difference

NOx formation!

Diesel, max flame temp.Otto, max flame temp.Otto, max flame temp.

Technical features Gas admission

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20126 Wrtsil

Gas admission system

2 x GAV (gas admission valve) per cylinder

GAV actuated by hydraulically fast-switching solenoid valves

Hydraulic power supply from exhaust valve servo oil system

Technical features Pilot fuel system

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20127 Wrtsil

Pilot fuel system

Pilot fuel utilized for ignition (as in four-strokes DF engines)

Micro pilot valves utilization. Pilot fuel consumption < 1% of BSFC

Pre-chamber technology for best ignition and combustion stability

Fuel supply based on common-rail technology (as in four-strokes DF engines)

Pilot fuel injectors

Pre-chamber

Technical features Pilot fuel system

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20128 Wrtsil

Pilot fuel system

Single fuel oil pump serving all cylinders (common-rail technology)

Filters and pressure regulation included

Pilot fuel pump can be electrically or mechanically driven

UNIC

Technical features Gas feed system

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 20129 Wrtsil

Gas Valve Unit (GVU)

Wrtsil standardized and proven design applied

Pressure regulation, gas filtering and safety valves included

Emergency venting procedure and leakage test features introduced

Technical features Automation

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 201210 Wrtsil

Engine automation and control system

UNIC based control system

Individual control of combustion related parameters

Safety functions related to gas operation included

Pilot fuel injectorPilot fuel injector

Gas admission valvesGas admission valves

Test cylinder running on gas

Control system

2x Gas admission valves2x Gas admission valvesPilot fuel injectorsPilot fuel injectors

Engine speed/CA-signalEngine speed/CA-signalEngine stop signalEngine stop signal

Gas durationGas duration

Gas pressureGas pressure

(Pilot fuel pressure)(Pilot fuel pressure)

Exhaust valve driveExhaust valve drive

Exhaust valveExhaust valve

Pilot fuel injector

Gas admission valves

Test cylinder running on gas

Control system

2x Gas admission valvesPilot fuel injectors

Engine speed/CA-signalEngine stop signal

Gas duration

Gas pressure

(Pilot fuel pressure)

Exhaust valve drive

Exhaust valve

Performance targets (

Project overall time schedule

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 201212 Wrtsil

Project activities 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Pre-study Concept evaluations Product requirement spec.

Technology development Simulations & design for 1 cyl Engine tests 1 cyl

Industrialisation 6 cylinder engine design Full scale engine tests

Introduction Concept release Pilot installation data release:

information release installation manual (MIM)

Full scale engine testing: customer demo (lab engine) validation at licensee

First sailing validation

Design, development, preparationEngine testing

2-stroke gas engine development

13 Wrtsil Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / September 2012

2-stroke gas engine development based on vastexperience from 4-stroke dual fuel engines/installations

4-stroke dual fuel references: Power plants, Merchant, Offshore, Cruise & Ferry, Special ~190 installations > 5,000,000 running hours

Minimum gas quality requirements

14 Wrtsil

Property Unit ValueLower heating value (LHV), min 1) MJ/m3N 2) 28

Methane number (MN), min 3) 90 (IMO Tier 1)

80 (IMO Tier 2)Methane (CH4), min % volume 70

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), max % volume 0.05

Hydrogen (H2), max 4) % volume 3

Ammonia, max mg/m3N 25

Chlorine + Fluorines, max mg/m3N 50

Particles or solids at engine inlet, max mg/m3N 50

Particles or solids at engine inlet, max size um 5

Gas inlet temperature C 060

Water and hydrocarbon condensates at engine inlet not allowed 5)

1) The required gas feed pressure is depending on the LHV (see section Gas feed pressure in chapter Fuel system).2) Values given in m are at 0C and 101.3 kPa. 3) The methane number (MN) is a calculated value that gives a scale for evaluation of the resistance to knock of gaseous fuels. Above table is valid for a

low Methane Number optimized engine. Minimum value is depending on engine configuration, which will affect the performance data.

However, if the total content of hydrocarbons C4 and heavier is more than 1% volume Wrtsil has to be contacted for further evaluation. 4) Hydrogen content higher than 3% volume has to be considered project specifically.

BSFC characteristics for W5X72

15 Wrtsil

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Pilo

t fue

l MDO

[g/k

Wh]

LNG

BSFC

[g/k

Wh]

Engine load [%]LNG consumption [g/kWh] Pilot fuel MDO [g/kWh]

High efficiency turbocharger ABB A100 or MET MB / ISO, LCV of 42700 kJ/kgTol. +5% between 85 to 100% load, +6% between 65 to 84% load, +7% between 50 to 64% load

Fuel Gas Handling System

Qh

Qv

LNG FUEL GAS MODULE

Low pressure compressor set

Heater

Evaporator

LNG tank

Low pressurefeed pump

16 Wrtsil

WRTSIL 2-STROKE GASRT-flex engine conversion to gas (DF)

17 Wrtsil Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine /

RT-flex (Dual Fuel)RT-flex

RT-flex engine conversion to gas

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / 18 Wrtsil

Cylinder

CCM-20 (Additional)

Exhaust valve

2/3 Pilot fuel injectors & Pre-chambersReplacement of cylinder cover

2 x Gas Admission Valves (GAV)Extra machining of cylinder liner 2 x Gas Rail

MDO supply unitSupport platform for MDO SUMDO pipes to injectors

PRELIMINARYPRELIMINARY

RT-flex engine conversion to gas

Wrtsil 2-stroke / Gas Engine / 19 Wrtsil

Action Component and description Quantity

Existing components to be replaced Cylinder cover 1 per cylinder

Existing RT-flex parts to be modified Machining cylinder liner for gas admission valves(might also need replacement) 1 per cylinder

New fuel system related partsMDO pump unit for fuel pilot injectors 1 per engine

MDO pipes to fuel pilot injectors 1 system per engine

Ignition systemPilot fuel injectors 2/3 per cylinder

Pre-chambers 2/3 per cylinder

Turbocharging & Scavenge air system partsWaste gate on the turbocharger 1 per engine

By-pass valve on the turbocharger (possibly) 1 per engine

Gas admission system components

Gas admission valves 2 per cylinder

Servo oil piping to gas admission valves 2 per cylinder

Gas rails (piping) 2 per engine

New automation system related parts (Installed automation system dependant)

CCM-20 1 per cylinder

Booster 8 per cylinder

Cylinder pressure sensor 1 per cylinder

Knocking sensor 1 per cylinder

Other Assembly, relocation of pipes, sensors, small components. -

PRELIMINARYPRELIMINARY