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UNC Water and Health Conference Oct.. 11, 2016 1
WASH Disaster Management:Mitigation, Preparation, Response and Recovery
Melissa Opryszko, PhD MPHUSAID/OFDA
Laure Anquez, MEcon UNICEF
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What makes it a disaster?
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GHA 2015
POPULATION DISPLACEMENT
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AFFECTED BY NATURAL DISASTERS
GHA 2015
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LENGTH OF ASSISTANCE
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OFDA’S AVERAGE SPENDING PER DISASTER
$0.0
$5.0
$10.0
$15.0
$20.0
$25.0
$30.0
$35.0
$40.0
FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015
$M
Fiscal Year
Average Spending Per Disaster…
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Types of Disasters
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FLOODSHaiti
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STORM SURGESPhilippines
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EARTHQUAKESNepal
DROUGHTSEthiopia
Oxfam
COMPLEX EMERGENCIESMiddle East
Oxfam
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DISEASE OUTBREAKSLiberia
• National and local emergency management systems
– Evacuation centers
• Pre-Crisis Market Analysis for contexts that experience disasters regularly
– E.g. Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Haiti
• Pre-positioning commodities
– Hygiene kits, water treatment systems, latrine materials
• Structural preparation
– Rainwater harvesting
– Protecting water supplies
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Mitigation and Preparation Disaster Risk Reduction
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ASSESSMENTSPrioritizing the Most Vulnerable
WATER TRUCKING
Oxfam
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QUICK REPAIRS
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT
Oxfam
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RAPID SANITATION
Oxfam
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HYGIENE KITSNon-Food Item Distribution
DISEASE OUTBREAKSAdditional Complexities
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COORDINATION
2005 system-wide review found long standing gaps and inefficiencies:
• Response coverage
• Unpredictable capacity leading to ad-hoc responses
• Erratic coordination, weak partnerships resulting in duplication
• Insufficient accountability and leadership
• Inconsistent donor policies
• Poor use of available resources
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Humanitarian Reform
26
Creation of the Humanitarian Clusters
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Case Studies
The Syria crisisInside Syria
The Syria crisisThe refugee situation
The Syria crisisKey characteristics of the WASH response
The Syria crisisZaatari
WASH in public health emergencies
WASH in public health emergenciesCHOLERA
WASH in public health emergenciesEBOLA
WASH in public health emergenciesZIKA
WASH in public health emergenciesPREPAREDNESS
• Emergency sanitation
• Middle income, urban water and sanitation systems
• WaSH Markets and Pre-Crisis Market Analysis
– Commodities
– Services
– Technical capacity
• Rapid, relevant hygiene promotion
• Thursday noon session on working with USAID
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Current Areas of Operational Research
• Coordination
• Improving assessments to prioritize needs
• No silver bullets
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NEEDED: Rapid Effective Response
• Linking practioners and researchers
• Dissemination
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NEEDED: Expanding the Evidence Base
