WASHING

Washing is a method of cleaning, usually with  some kind of  detergent. A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer) is a machine to wash laundry, such as clothing .

The term is mostly applied only to machines that use water as opposed to dry cleaning or ultrasonic cleaners. Washing entails immersing, dipping, rubbing, or scrubbing in water usually accompanied by detergent, or bleach.

The simplest machines may simply agitate clothes in water; automatic machines may fill, empty, wash, spin, and heat in a cycle.

Most washing machines remove substantial amounts of water from the laundry at the end of a wash cycle, but do not completely dry it.

There are different washes:

Acetate-is used to remove the stains. Spotting Gun-this is of arrow brand. Water and soap is also used.

Hydro machine is used for squeezing the water out and the brand name for the hydro machine in pearl global was Ramsons. Tumbler is used for drying the garments.

In pearl global, there is majority of top loading than front loading. There is no drycleaning machine.

There are four top loading machines in pearl global of the brand name Ramsons.Enzymes:

Dry Processing-it is a viscuring process, denim sand patches, blasting (removal of dye by putting pressure of sand.)

Wet Processing-acid was and sand wash. In denim, enzyme is used. Nuetral(around 5 to 6 ph) in which color does not fade much and

the other is acid(at 55 degree temperature at 4.5 ph) in which color fades a lot.In this, it’s the wash which can make a difference like adding stones to the washing can make a difference.

First desizer enzyme is applied to the fabric then it is bleached then neutral and then it is finalised.

In non-denim garments, bio is used which does not fade the color. If enzyme quantity is more whole fabric will get destroyed and gets cut in the middle.

PEARL GLOBAL HAS 8 WASHING MACHINES:-

2 HYDRO MACHINES-squeeze the water 3 TUMBLER MACHINES-for denim wash 3 ENXYME MACHINES-for bleach wash

WASHING MACHINES HAVE TWO TYPES OF LOADING:-

Top-loadingThe top-loading or vertical-axis clothes washer is most popular, very-low-cost version in Asia. This design places the clothes in a vertically mounted perforated basket that is contained within a water-retaining tub, with a finned water-pumping agitator  in the center of the bottom of the basket.

Clothes are loaded through the top of the machine, which is usually but not always covered with a hinged door.

During the wash cycle, the outer tub is filled with water sufficient to fully immerse and suspend the clothing freely in the basket. The movement of the agitator pushes water outward between the paddles towards the edge of the tub. The water then moves outward, up the sides of the basket, towards the center, and then down towards the agitator to repeat the process, in a circulation pattern similar to the shape of a torus. The agitator direction is periodically reversed, because continuous motion in one direction would just lead to the water spinning around the basket with the agitator rather than the water being pumped in the torus-shaped motion.

Front-loadingThe front-loading or horizontal-axis clothes washer is the dominant design, most "high-end" washing machines are of this type. In addition, most commercial and industrial clothes washers around the world are of the horizontal-axis design.

Front-loaders control water usage through the surface tension of water, and the capillary wicking action this creates in the fabric weave. A front-loader washer always fills to the same low water level, but a large pile of dry clothing standing in water will soak up the moisture, causing the water level to drop. The washer then refills to maintain the original water level. Because it takes time for this water absorption to occur with a motionless pile of fabric, nearly all front-loaders begin the washing process by slowly tumbling the clothing under the stream of water entering and filling the drum, to rapidly saturate the clothes with water.

Wash cycles

Washing Rinsing Spinning Maintenance wash

PACKAGING

Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.

Package labeling.  is any written, electronic, or graphic communications on the package or on a separate but associated label.

When transported by truck, outer clothing is often carried as hanging garments , while other clothing items are generally transported in folding cartons and primarily containerized. Hanging garments must be inserted into tight-fitting individual dust covers, sealed at the

bottom. When outer clothing is shipped in folding cartons, it is essential, in particular for higher quality goods, for the folding cartons to be lined with tissue paper or the like, the individual items to be secured and interlayers used. The cartons often consist of wet strength corrugated board.

The purposes of packaging

Physical protection  Barrier protection  Containment or agglomeration . Information transmission  Security Anti-counterfeiting Packaging Convenience  Portion control 

TYPES OF PACKAGING:-

CONTAINER PACKING-Technologies related to shipping containers are identification codes, bar codes, and electronic data interchange (EDI). These three core technologies serve to enable the business functions in the process of shipping containers throughout the distribution channel. Each has an essential function: identification codes either relate product information or serve as keys to other data, bar codes allow for the automated input of identification codes and other data, and EDI moves data between trading partners within the distribution channel.

HANGER PACKING-Available in a wide variety of shapes,thickness,colors and designs.The competitive price and high quality of these hangers have played a significant role in the popularity that they currently enjoy in local,regional and international markets. These products are widely used for domestic as well as commercial purposes. Our products are manufactured using the high grade plastic and the latest tools to ensure unmatched quality and durability. Our products are strictly examined on various parameters. Besides this, these products can be obtained by us in varied sizes, colors and designs. 

Features:  Easy to use Vivid colors Premium quality

POLY BAGS:- Poly bags, also known as polyethylene bags, have a variety of uses in many industries. In the apparel, garment, sew goods, fabric and related industries, poly

bags are use to protect goods during shipment from dirt, dust, and moisture. Material Concepts is a leading supplier of poly bags in various styles, sizes, shapes, and densities

The uses for poly bags are virtually without limit! Whenever there is a need to protect an item during storage or shipment, Material Concepts can supply a poly bag that is right for the job. Lighter density poly bags are a good choice for items that are not heavy and require only a simple shield from their surroundings. Heavy density poly bags keep your goods safe from harm in more abusive environments where dirt, dust, moisture, movement, etc. are factors that may damage your goods.

Garment poly bags are specially designed and shaped for use with shirts, coats, pants, etc. for protection and ease of use in apparel applications.

SOCIAL COMPLIANCE:-

Social compliance is defined as the result of adjusting to the rules of social accountability by the extended organization's own policies and practices and also those of its supply and distribution chains. Better ways are constantly researched to protect the safety, health and fundamental rights of their employees. Social compliance also tends to protect and enhance the community.

FIRST AID BOX-A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid, and can be put together for the purpose by an individual or organization or purchased complete. There is a wide variation in the contents of first aid kits based on the knowledge and experience of those putting it together, the differing first aid requirements of the area where it may be used and variations in legislation or regulation in a given area.

The international standard for first aid kits is that they should be identified with the ISO graphical symbol for first aid (from ISO 7010) which is an equal white cross on a green background, although many kits do not comply with this standard, either because they are put together by an individual or they predate the standards.

ELECTRIC GENERATORS-In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electric current to flow through an external circuit. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine a hand crank, compressed air, or any other source of mechanical energy. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.

The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an electric motor, and motors and generators have many similarities. Many motors can be mechanically driven to generate electricity and frequently make acceptable generators.

FINISHING

In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to

improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finished textile or clothing. The precise meaning depends on context.

Some finishing techniques such as bleaching and dyeing are applied to yarn before it is woven while others are applied to the grey cloth directly after it is woven or knitted.

Objective of finishing:

Enhance the appearance of the material. (pressing, coloring etc.)

Changes the drape and handle of the material.(chintz etc.)

Give easy care performance to the material.

• (wrinkle free etc.) FINISHING

PROCESS

• PREPARATION

• COLOURATION

• Dyeing/ printing

• COATING

• AND

• LAMINA

• TION

PREPARATION

Desizing-removal of sizes and other substances applied as weaving aids.

Singeing-removal of the short fiber ends from the fabric surface by burning.

Scouring-removal of natural impurities like wax, etc.

Bleaching-destruction of natural coloring and improving the whiteness.

Mercerizing-treatment of cotton with strong alkali under pressure to increase sheen, strength and lustre of cotton.

PRINTING PROCESS

BLOCK PRINTING

ROLLER PRINTING

SCREEN PRINTING:

(a)FLAT BED:

(b)ROTARY:

Post printing process:

printing steaming washing Drying

MECHANICAL FINISHING

RAISING:

here the fiber ends are teased from the fabric to form a fiber pile which can more or less obscure the fabric weave.

CHEMICAL FINISHING

COATING-it is the application of a layer of natural or synthetic polymer(chemical) to one side of the fabric followed by fixation in a curing oven.

applications-sporting clothing, shoe uppers, handbags, floor coverings etc

PEARL GLOBAL USES :-

TAGGING MACHINE-A tag system is a deterministic  computational model which is viewed as an abstract machine, called a Post tag machine .

A weapon consisting of a metal tube from which a projectile is fired at high velocity into a relatively flat trajectory.2. A cannon with a long barrel and a relatively low angle of fire.3. A portable firearm, such as a rifle or revolver.4. A device resembling a firearm or cannon, as in its ability to project something, such as grease, under pressure or at great speed.5. A discharge of a firearm or cannon as a signal or salute.6. One, such as a hunter, who carries or uses a gun.