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Washington State Early Learning and Development Guidelines: Birth through 3rdGrade (2012)

Alignment with FunShine Express® CurriculumAges 0 - 36 Months

Washington State Early Learning and DevelopmentGuidelines: Birth through 3rd Grade (2012)

FunShine Early Learning and DevelopmentContinuum

About me and my family and culture 4: Social Studies, 5: Social-Emotional DevelopmentBirth to 9 Months

Family and culture SE2 Trust and Relationships, SS1 History andEvents, SS3 Culture, Family, and Community

YI.1 Show preference for primary caregivers. SS3.2(0) Hears and responds to own name; preferscompany of parents or main caregivers

YI.2 Smile at, make sounds, and move body to interactwith caregivers. Smile, wave or laugh to respond tofriendly adults.

SE2.1(0) Responds differently to familiar and unfamiliaradults; engages in behaviors that build relationships withfamiliar adults; shows emotional connection andattachment to familiar adults

YI.3 Respond to caregiver's face, words and touch.


YI.4 Cry to express or relieve self of a variety offeelings; cry may increase when caregiver listens andresponds to child's need,

SE3.2(0) Expresses a range of emotions related to basicneeds with facial expressions, body, and voice

YI.5 Feel safe releasing feelings (such as by crying,trembling, etc.) in the presence of a familiar adult.


YI.6 Cry when caregiver is not in sight or cling tocaregiver when strangers are nearby.


Self concept SE1 Self-Awareness and Self-Concept, SE3 Feelingsand Emotions

YI.1 Respond with movement and/or sounds whensomeone speaks the child's name.

SE1.1(0) Develops awareness of self as separate fromothers; reacts when hearing own name; begins to realize

their own hands and feet belong to them; shows interestin mirror image

YI.2 Explore own toes and fingers.

SE1.1(0) Develops awareness of self as separate fromothers; reacts when hearing own name; begins to realizetheir own hands and feet belong to them; shows interestin mirror image

YI.3 Repeat an action to get more effect (such aswriggling in the crib to shake a mobile hanging above,smiling and cooing to get the caregiver to smile back).

AL2.1(0) Attends to objects, eventually experimentingwith different ways to interact with them; responds toplayful interactions with smiles and giggles

YI.4 Show pride (face "lights up") at own behavior. SE1.3(0) Shows pleasure at things they have done

Self management SE3 Feelings and Emotions, SE4 Self-RegulationYI.1 Cry, make sounds and move body to let caregiverknow of the need for help, attention or comfort.


YI.2 Respond by relaxing or crying harder when adultpays attention. Grow more confident when encouraged torelease feelings.


YI.3 Use sounds, facial expressions, and bodymovements to connect with others and with objects in theenvironment.


YI.4 Hold caregiver's attention by babbling, looking atface, etc.


YI.5 Look away at times to control the timing of theinteraction.

SE4.1(0) Accepts comforting from a familiar adult,eventually discovering ways to self-soothe (stuffedanimal, thumb-sucking)

YI.6 Use adult to reassure self by cuddling, graspingadult's finger, etc.


YI.8 Move away from adult by rolling, scooting, etc.;look back at adult


YI.7 Comfort self by cooing, babbling, or by clutching,sucking or stroking a favorite blanket or other item.


YI.9 Look for caregiver's response in uncertain situationsor when trying something new.


YI.10 Wait briefly to touch or eat something in responseto caregiver's direction.

AL3.1(0) Pays attention to people, objects, and sounds;tries to reproduce a desired outcome; cries to receiveattention

YI.11 Participate in repeated routines, such as liftingarms toward caregiver to be picked up.


Learning to learn

AL1 Curiosity, Initiative, and Risk-Taking, AL2Creative Thinking, Problem-Solving, Reasoning, AL3Attention, Engagement, and Persistence, AL4Memory and Reflection

YI.1 Explore own body (such as reaching for toes);explore the face and body of caregivers (such as touchingears, hair, hands).


YI.2 Show preference for certain toys and activities. SE1.2(0) Shows preference for familiar people andobjects

YI.3 Show interest in exploring, feeling and looking atobjects new to the child.


YI.4 Use all senses to explore. AL1.1(0) Uses senses to explore immediate environment

YI.5 Begin to act bored (cry, fussy) if activity doesn'tchange.


YI.6 Start interactions with familiar adults and children(such as by smiling or making sounds).


YI.7 Start to show the ability to briefly hold in mind amemory of people and things that are out of sight.

AL4.1(0) Recognizes familiar people, places, and things;after repeated experiences, remembers that unseenobjects are still there

9 to 16 Months


OI.1 Respond when someone speaks the child's name.

SS3.2(1) Consistently hears and responds to own nameand names of close family members (Mama, Daddy,etc.); begins to notice family, age, and physical traitsSE1.1(1) Becomes more aware of own body and others;consistently responds to name; recognizes self in mirror;uses pronouns "me" and "mine"

OI.2 Seek out trusted caregiver(s) for comfort andsupport.

SE2.1(1) Seeks familiar adults for cues about how torespond to environment for comfort and support; showsattachment to trusted adults

OI.3 Demonstrate fear of unknown people and placesSE2.1(1) Seeks familiar adults for cues about how torespond to environment for comfort and support; showsattachment to trusted adults


OI.1 Protest when does not want to do something; knowwhat he or she likes to do.

SE1.2(1) Develops and expresses preferences for food,objects, textures and may push away non-preferred items

OI.2 Point to indicate what he or she wants.L2.1(1) Uses consistent sounds, gestures, signs, or wordsfor a variety of purposes to express needs and wantswhich are understood by familiar adults.

OI.3 Choose things to play with. SE1.2(2) Chooses favorite foods, objects, and activities

OI.4 Try to do things on own. Show joy whencompleting a simple task.

SE1.3(1) Shows others things they have done; attemptsto do some things independently but asks for help often

Self management SE3 Feelings and Emotions, SE4 Self-RegulationOI.1 Look for caregiver's response in uncertain situationsor when trying something new. Test caregiver's response,

SE2.1(1) Seeks familiar adults for cues about how torespond to environment for comfort and support; shows

such as reaching for a forbidden object, then looking tosee how caregiver responds.

attachment to trusted adults

OI.2 Move away from caregiver to explore environment;may do so repeatedly.

AL1.1(1) Exhibits interest, curiosity, and eagerness inexploring the world in sight of an adult; becomesincreasingly aware of colors, shapes, patterns, or pictures

OI.3 Pay attention to an object a caregiver is looking ator talking about.

AL3.1(1) Stays attentive and engaged for increasingperiods of time; repeats difficult tasks to achieve mastery

OI.4 Make an effort at times to reengage a caregiver'sattention if he or she is distracted

SE4.1(1) Shows increasing regulation in accepting andfollowing daily routines and activities with familiaradults

OI.5 Participate in repeated routines, such as lifting armstoward caregiver to be picked up.


OI.6 Follow some rules and routines, and simpledirections.


OI.7 Either relax or cry harder when adult pays attention.Grow more confident when encouraged to release strongfeelings.

SE3.2(1) Expresses a range of emotions related to aproblem or conflict, using body language, facialexpressions, and possibly words to communicate feelings

OI.8 Express and respond to a variety of emotions.SE3.2(1) Expresses a range of emotions related to aproblem or conflict, using body language, facialexpressions, and possibly words to communicate feelings

Learning to learn


OI.8 Repeat a simple activity until successful. AL3.1(1) Stays attentive and engaged for increasingperiods of time; repeats difficult tasks to achieve mastery

OI.9 Say focused on an activity for a sustained period oftime.


OI.10 Begin to be able to hold information in mind (suchas the location of a hidden object) and keep track of

AL4.1(1) Shows ability to acquire and process newinformation; remembers the location of objects that are

simple changes (track the movement of a hidden object). meaningful to them, eventually developingunderstanding of object permanence; searches formissing or hidden objects

OI.1 Use all senses and a variety of motions to explore.AL1.1(1) Exhibits interest, curiosity, and eagerness inexploring the world in sight of an adult; becomesincreasingly aware of colors, shapes, patterns, or pictures

OI.2 Learn through play and interaction with others. AL2.1(1) Uses play objects in different ways thanintended; finds humor in unexpected interactions

OI.3 Try different approaches to reaching a desiredobject or achieving a goal.


OI.4 Make creative use of items, such as turning a bucketupside down to be the base for a tower.

AL2.1(1) Uses play objects in different ways thanintended; finds humor in unexpected interactions

OI.5 Actively play games with caregivers that involverepetition, such as peek-a-boo; anticipate own turn.


OI.6 Experiment to see if objects have the same effects,such as shaking a stuffed animal to see if it makes anoise like a rattle.


OI.7 Apply something already learned to something new,such as banging on a drum to make a sound, thenbanging on a bucket.

AL4.1(1) Shows ability to acquire and process newinformation; remembers the location of objects that aremeaningful to them, eventually developingunderstanding of object permanence; searches formissing or hidden objects

16 to 36 Months


T.1 Have a relationship with caregivers or family otherthan the parents or main caregiver.

SE2.1(2) Seeks ways to find comfort in new situations;shows emotional connection and attachment to others;goes to familiar adult; seeks comfort items (blanket, softtoy)

T.2 Show preference for familiar adults and peers. SE2.1(2) Seeks ways to find comfort in new situations;shows emotional connection and attachment to others;goes to familiar adult; seeks comfort items (blanket, softtoy)

SE2.2(2) Begins to interact with other children;side-by-side play progressing to interactive play usingsame materials; begins to show preference for somechildren over others; uses imitation or pretend play tolearn new roles and relationships

T.3 Feel comfortable in a variety of places with familiaradults (such as at home, in the car, store or playground).


T.4 Express caution or fear toward unfamiliar people.


T.5 Recognize roles within the family. SS3.3(2) Talks about or role-plays what family membersdo during the day

T.6 Participate in family routines. SS1.1(2) Understands and follows daily routines; can tellwhat comes next

T.7 Enjoy stories, songs and poems about a variety ofpeople and cultures.

SS3.1(2) Participates in rhymes/music/stories/ activitiesfrom various cultures


T.1 Separate from main caregiver when in familiarsettings outside the home.


T.2 Recognize and call attention to self in a mirror or inphotographs.

SE1.1(2) Shows awareness of some of owncharacteristics and takes pride in showing things they cando; uses name to refer to self

T.3 Show awareness of being seen by others (such asrepeating an action when sees someone is watching).


T.4 Show self-confidence; try new things. SE1.3(2) Shows confidence in increasing abilitiesthrough actions and language; attempts to accomplish

activities independently

T.5 Make choices (such as what clothes to wear) andhave favorite books, toys and activities. SE1.2(2) Chooses favorite foods, objects, and activities

T.6 Take pride in showing completed projects (such as adrawing or stack of blocks) to caregiver.


T.7 Name and express many emotions in self, familiarpeople, pets.

SE3.1(2) Recognizes other children's feelings andemotions; communicates concern and tries to comfortothers verbally and physicallySE3.2(2) Learns social skills, and eventually words, forexpressing feelings, needs, and wants; manages outburstswith adult help; begins to label feelings and emotions

T.8 Seek the comfort of adults significant to him/herwhen in new or uncomfortable situations, or needinghelp, or feeling strong emotions.


Self management SE3 Feelings and Emotions, SE4 Self-Regulation

T.1 Remember and follow simple routines and rulessome of the time.

SE4.1(2) Begins to manage own behavior and showself-regulation; demonstrates increasing ability to copewith stress; calms self with soothing techniques withadult support; understands and finds comfort in routines,rules, or limitations

T.2 Direct others to follow simple rules and routines,even when he or she does not follow them.


T.3 Have trouble learning new behavior when routinesare changed.


T.4 Respond well to adult guidance, most of the time.Test limits and try to be independent.

SE4.1(2) Begins to manage own behavior and showself-regulation; demonstrates increasing ability to copewith stress; calms self with soothing techniques with

adult support; understands and finds comfort in routines,rules, or limitations

T.5 Stop an activity or avoid doing something if directed.


T.6 Express strong feelings through tantrums.SE3.2(2) Learns social skills, and eventually words, forexpressing feelings, needs, and wants; manages outburstswith adult help; begins to label feelings and emotions

T.7 Do things the child has been told not to do.


T.8 Show assertiveness, such as giving orders to others.SE3.2(2) Learns social skills, and eventually words, forexpressing feelings, needs, and wants; manages outburstswith adult help; begins to label feelings and emotions

T.9 Show growing ability to remember past experiencesand tell an adult about them, including information aboutsimple emotions.

AL4.1(2) Recalls information in new situations;remembers where a toy was put away; knows wherethings are kept in their environment

Learning to learn


T.1 Actively explore the environment. AL1.1(2) Asks questions, seeks adult approval, and triesnew activities with adult prompting

T.2 Ask questions. AL1.1(2) Asks questions, seeks adult approval, and triesnew activities with adult prompting

T.3 Try new ways of doing things. Experiment with theeffect of own actions on objects and people.

AL2.1(2) Uses materials in new ways to accomplish atask or reach a goal; uses imitation or pretend play toexpress creativity and imagination; enjoys hearing sillystories and jokesAL2.2(2) Asks questions to seek information; explorescause/effect relationships by repeating actions and

observing reactions

T.4 Insist on some choices. Choose an activity and keepat it for longer periods of time.

AL3.1(2) Remains attentive and engaged, finishesself-selected tasks (completes a simple puzzle, listens toa storybook)

T.5 Want to do favorite activities over and over.AL3.1(2) Remains attentive and engaged, finishesself-selected tasks (completes a simple puzzle, listens toa storybook)

T.6 Seek and accept help when encountering a problem. AL1.1(2) Asks questions, seeks adult approval, and triesnew activities with adult prompting

T.7 Invent new ways to use everyday items.

AL2.1(2) Uses materials in new ways to accomplish atask or reach a goal; uses imitation or pretend play toexpress creativity and imagination; enjoys hearing sillystories and jokes

T.8 Enjoy pretend play and creating things.

AL2.1(2) Uses materials in new ways to accomplish atask or reach a goal; uses imitation or pretend play toexpress creativity and imagination; enjoys hearing sillystories and jokes

T.9 Change behavior based on something the childlearned before.


Building relationships 4: Social Studies, 5: Social-Emotional Development,6: Approaches to Learning

Birth to 0 Months

Social behaviorSE2 Trust and Relationships, SS1 History andEvents, SS4 Government, Economics, andTechnology

YI.1 Notice others' physical characteristics (such as bypatting a sibling's hair).


Birth to 9 MonthsInteractions with adults AL1 Curiosity, Initiative, and Risk-TakingYI.1 Smile at adults. SE2.1(0) Responds differently to familiar and unfamiliar

adults; engages in behaviors that build relationships withfamiliar adults; shows emotional connection andattachment to familiar adults

YI.2 Respond to contact with adults, and later, initiate,by using vocalization, facial expressions and bodymovement.

L1.1(0) Listens and responds with interest to sounds andverbal communication of others; watches and responds tobody language, gestures, and other forms of nonverbalcommunication.L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

YI.3 Enjoy playing with adults (shown by happygestures, smiles, gurgles, etc.).


Interactions with children SE2 Trust and Relationships

YI.1 Smile at other children. SE2.2(0) Responds to and shows awareness of otherchildren

YI.2 Initiate contact with other children withvocalizations, facial expressions and body movements.

SE2.2(0) Responds to and shows awareness of otherchildren

YI.3 Enjoy interacting with other children (shown byhappy gestures, smiles, gurgles, etc.).

SE2.2(0) Responds to and shows awareness of otherchildren




YI.2 Notice emotional expressions of adults and otherchildren. Imitate facial expressions.

L1.1(0) Listens and responds with interest to sounds andverbal communication of others; watches and responds tobody language, gestures, and other forms of nonverbalcommunication.L2.1(0) Uses and imitates sounds, gestures, or signs toexpress needs and wants.

YI.3 Play social games. AL2.1(0) Attends to objects, eventually experimentingwith different ways to interact with them; responds to

playful interactions with smiles and giggles

9 to 16 MonthsInteractions with adults AL1 Curiosity, Initiative, and Risk-Taking

OI.1 Enjoy playing with adults.SE2.1(1) Seeks familiar adults for cues about how torespond to environment for comfort and support; showsattachment to trusted adults

OI.2 Follow adult's pointing or gaze to share the sameactivity or topic.


OI.3 Initiate interactions by smiling, with vocalizationsor gestures.

L2.1(1) Uses consistent sounds, gestures, signs, or wordsfor a variety of purposes to express needs and wantswhich are understood by familiar adults.


OI.1 Laugh when others laugh.

SE2.1(1) Seeks familiar adults for cues about how torespond to environment for comfort and support; showsattachment to trusted adultsSE2.2(1) Shows interest in other children; responds toother children

OI.2 Interact with children; notice similarities anddifferences.

SE2.2(1) Shows interest in other children; responds toother children

OI.3 Take turns in social games.SE4.1(1) Shows increasing regulation in accepting andfollowing daily routines and activities with familiaradults



Problem solving, conflict resolution SE3 Feelings and Emotions, SE4 Self-Regulation

OI.1 Accept adults stepping in when there are disputesover toys and play.


Interactions with peers SE2 Trust and RelationshipsOI.1 Respond to others' smiles and emotions. Reactwhen someone is crying or upset.

SE3.1(1) Begins to show concern for others(comforts/hugs others)

OI.2 Show interest in other children by watching andtrying to imitate them (such as following an older siblingaround).


OI.3 Recognize other children, their names and theirfamily members.


16 to 36 MonthsInteractions with adults AL1 Curiosity, Initiative, and Risk-Taking

T.1 Start interactions and play with adults. AL1.1(2) Asks questions, seeks adult approval, and triesnew activities with adult prompting

T.2 Seek out attention from adults. AL1.1(2) Asks questions, seeks adult approval, and triesnew activities with adult prompting

T.3 Enjoy turn-taking games with caregivers and maydirect adult in his or her role.

AL1.1(2) Asks questions, seeks adult approval, and triesnew activities with adult prompting


T.3 Notice when others are happy or sad and nameemotions. ("Mia sad.")

SE3.1(2) Recognizes other children's feelings andemotions; communicates concern and tries to comfortothers verbally and physically

T.4 Notice that what the child likes might not be thesame as what others like.


T.5 Follow family routines, such as what the family doesat dinner time.

SS1.1(1) Responds and reacts to changes in routine orschedule

T

T.6 Be upset when family routines are not followed orchange.

SS1.1(2) Understands and follows daily routines; can tellwhat comes next

T.7 Start to act appropriately as a member of variouscommunities, such as family, classroom, neighborhood,faith community.

SS1.2(2) Participates in holiday, cultural, and birthdaycelebrations for friends, family, or community

T.8 Help with simple chores in the family or classroomcommunity.

SS4.1(2) With adult support, carries out some classroomresponsibilities and follows simple rules; helps withsimple classroom jobs

T.1 Be excited to see friends and familiar people. Have apreferred playmate.


T.2 Notice when someone familiar is absent ("Where isSimon?").

SE2.2(2) Begins to interact with other children;side-by-side play progressing to interactive play usingsame materials; begins to show preference for somechildren over others; uses imitation or pretend play tolearn new roles and relationshipsSS1.1(2) Understands and follows daily routines; can tellwhat comes next

Problem solving, conflict resolution SE3 Feelings and Emotions, SE4 Self-Regulation

T.1 Find it hard to wait for a turn. Use adult help to shareand take turns.

SE3.2(2) Learns social skills, and eventually words, forexpressing feelings, needs, and wants; manages outburstswith adult help; begins to label feelings and emotionsSE4.1(2) Begins to manage own behavior and showself-regulation; demonstrates increasing ability to copewith stress; calms self with soothing techniques withadult support; understands and finds comfort in routines,rules, or limitations

T.2 Respond appropriately (most of the time) whenanother child expresses wants, such as to look at a bookwith him or her.


Interactions with peers SE2 Trust and Relationships

T.1 Play side-by-side with another child, at times.


T.2 Remember and use the names of familiar peers.


T.3 Start interacting with peers. Show interest in and callthem by name. Recognize and want to be with playmatesthe child knows. Observe and imitate other children'splay.


T.4 Begin to include other children in play, such as chasegames.


Touching, seeing, hearing and moving around 7: Physical Development and Health, 8: Creative ArtsBirth to 9 MonthsUsing the large muscles (gross motor skills) PD2 Gross Motor Development

YI.1 Lift head; lift head and chest with weight on hands,when lying on stomach.

PD2.3(0) Begins to control body (pushes up, sits upright,maintains upright posture/balance when sitting orstanding, twists to roll over, reaches across body)

YI.2 Hold head upright and steady without support.PD2.3(0) Begins to control body (pushes up, sits upright,maintains upright posture/balance when sitting orstanding, twists to roll over, reaches across body)

YI.3 When lying on back, bend at hips to lift feet, reachwith hands and arms, move head side to side; begin tonotice own hands.


YI.4 Roll from back to side, back to front and front toback with increasing control.


YI.5 Move to explore (roll, crawl, scoot, creep). PD2.1(0) Begins to control body to gain mobility(scoots, crawls, pulls up to stand)

YI.6 Sit with support; and later, sit without support.


YI.7 Stand with support. PD2.1(0) Begins to control body to gain mobility(scoots, crawls, pulls up to stand)

Using the small muscles (small motor skills) PD3 Fine Motor Development

YI.1 Grasp caregiver's fingers.

PD3.1(0) Uses hands or feet to make contact with mouth,objects, or people, eventually using hands to grasp smallobjects between thumb and fingertips; transfers objectsfrom one hand to another; claps

YI.2 Play with own hands by touching them together.


YI.3 Reach for toys, objects and bottles with both hands.


YI.4 Transfer toys or objects from hand to hand.


YI.5 Reach, grasp and release objects.


Using the senses (sensorimotor skills) CA2 Music, CA3 Movement and Dance, PD3 FineMotor Development

YI.1 Turn toward sound and touch.

CA2.1(0) Responds to and shows interest in musicalsounds by turning head or moving body; explores vocalsounds through imitationSC1.1(0) Explores objects and world through all fivesenses (touches and brings objects to mouth, focusesattention on people or objects).

YI.2 Focus eyes on near and far objects; recognizefamiliar people and things at a distance.

CA1.2(0) Responds to or shows interest in visual stimuli(bright colors, toys, mobiles, stuffed animals, etc.)AL4.1(0) Recognizes familiar people, places, and things;after repeated experiences, remembers that unseenobjects are still there

YI.3 Follow moving things with eyes. CA1.2(0) Responds to or shows interest in visual stimuli(bright colors, toys, mobiles, stuffed animals, etc.)

YI.4 Explore things nearby with mouth and hands.


YI.5 Actively play, exploring and interacting with what'snearby.

CA4.1(0) Moves to act on environment with intent andcontrol; vocalizes to get attention

9 to 16 MonthsUsing the large muscles (gross motor skills) PD2 Gross Motor Development

OI.1 Rock back and forth on hands and knees; creep orcrawl.

PD2.1(1) Gains mobility and ability to move from placeto place (takes first steps, walks unassisted, begins toclimb steps, begins to walk backward)

OI.2 Pull self up to a stand, holding onto something orsomeone.

PD2.3(1) Controls body (pulls self to stand, standsunassisted, participates in simple balancing andstretching activities, claps, pushes/pulls toys)

OI.3 Walk holding onto furniture ("cruising").PD2.1(1) Gains mobility and ability to move from placeto place (takes first steps, walks unassisted, begins toclimb steps, begins to walk backward)

OI.4 Walk.PD2.1(1) Gains mobility and ability to move from placeto place (takes first steps, walks unassisted, begins toclimb steps, begins to walk backward)

OI.5 Climb.PD2.1(1) Gains mobility and ability to move from placeto place (takes first steps, walks unassisted, begins toclimb steps, begins to walk backward)

OI.6 Dance or move to music. CA2.2(1) Moves body in rhythm with music


OI.1 Use fingers and toes in play.

PD3.1(0) Uses hands or feet to make contact with mouth,objects, or people, eventually using hands to grasp smallobjects between thumb and fingertips; transfers objectsfrom one hand to another; clapsPD3.2(1) Coordinates hand and eye movements andcontrols small muscles when doing simple tasks (usestools for feeding, hammers pegs, uses large crayons forscribbling)

OI.2 Manipulate balls and other toys. Enjoy usingdifferent ways to manipulate, such as pounding, tapping,etc.

PD3.1(1) Uses both hands to hold and manipulateobjects (holds block and adds another block to top)

OI.3 Pick up things (such as cereal O's) between thumband forefinger.

PD3.2(1) Coordinates hand and eye movements andcontrols small muscles when doing simple tasks (usestools for feeding, hammers pegs, uses large crayons forscribbling)

OI.4 Coordinate eye and hand movements, such asputting things into a box.



OI.1 Use sense of smell, touch, taste, sight and hearing toexperience objects.


OI.2 Enjoy exploring and responding to differenttextures, such as hard tabletops or soft cushions.

SC1.1(0) Explores objects and world through all fivesenses (touches and brings objects to mouth, focusesattention on people or objects).

16 to 36 MonthsUsing the large muscles (gross motor skills) PD2 Gross Motor DevelopmentT.1 Walk and run well, or use a mobility device, ifneeded. Change speed and direction.

PD2.1(2) Moves body to travel (walks well, begins torun, dances, moves up/down stairs)

T.3 Jump up and down. Squat. Stand on tiptoe.

PD2.3(2) Refines flexibility, balance, and bilateralcontrol (performs stretching activities with adult help,twists at waist, bends over to pick up items with balance,begins to balance on one foot, climbs slide, begins to usepedals on ride-on toys)

T.2 Climb into and out of bed or onto a steady chair.


T.4 Pull toys while walking.


T.5 Walk up and down stairs one at a time. PD2.1(2) Moves body to travel (walks well, begins torun, dances, moves up/down stairs)

T.6 Kick a ball that is not moving.

PD2.2(2) Coordinates body movements in place tointeract with objects and surroundings (kicks stationaryballs, throws overhand at target, attempts to catch balls,begins dribbling balls with hands, jumps on 2 feet inplace)

T.7 Throw a ball or beanbag. Catch a large, bounced ballagainst the body.

PD2.2(2) Coordinates body movements in place tointeract with objects and surroundings (kicks stationaryballs, throws overhand at target, attempts to catch balls,begins dribbling balls with hands, jumps on 2 feet inplace)

T.8 Enjoy being active. Join in active games, dance,outdoor play and other physical activity.

PD1.1(2) Participates in a variety of moderate tovigorous play activities for short periods of time; triesnew games


T.1 Reach, grasp and release with more control. PD3.1(2) Uses more refined hand and wrist movements(scribbles, stacks blocks, turns pages)

T.2 Use tools such as spoon, crayon, toy hammer.

PD3.2(2) Uses hands and eyes together to complete tasksrequiring a moderate amount of control (completes threeor four piece puzzles, thread beads with large holes, usesshape sorter)

T.3 Use fingers to paint, play with clay, line up blocks.Stack a few blocks.

PD3.1(2) Uses more refined hand and wrist movements(scribbles, stacks blocks, turns pages)

T.4 Grasp small items with thumb and finger.


T.5 Nest up to five cups or other items. PD3.1(2) Uses more refined hand and wrist movements(scribbles, stacks blocks, turns pages)


T.1 Dance or move to music and rhythms.

CA2.2(2) Explores musical rhythms through movement,with and without instruments and propsCA3.1(2) Moves and dances alone or with others;performs movements in songs and fingerplays

T.2 Show eye-hand coordinationâ��build with blocks,work simple puzzles, string large beads, put together andtake apart items like pop beads.


T.3 Become aware of where the body is in relation toother things, such as walking around a table withoutbumping into it.

M2.2(1) Explores ways objects and people move and fitin space; adjusts reach and grasp based on distance, size,and weight of object to be moved; explores space withbody.

Growing up healthy 7: Physical Development and HealthBirth to 9 Months

Daily living skills (personal health and hygiene) PD1 Physical Health, Growth, PD4 Safety Awarenessand Self-Care

YI.1 Soothe self and fall asleep.SE4.1(0) Accepts comforting from a familiar adult,eventually discovering ways to self-soothe (stuffedanimal, thumb-sucking)

YI.2 Participate in dressing. PD4.2(0) Responds well when physical needs are met(diaper changes, feedings, nose care)

Nutrition and health PD1 Physical Health, Growth

YI.1 Suck and swallow.PD1.2(0) Explores food with hands and fingers;coordinates sucking/chewing and swallowing, eventuallygrasping easy-to-handle foods

YI.2 Connect breast or bottle with getting fed. PD4.2(0) Responds well when physical needs are met(diaper changes, feedings, nose care)

YI.3 Help caregiver hold the bottle. PD4.2(0) Responds well when physical needs are met(diaper changes, feedings, nose care)

YI.4 Chew and bite; eat finger foods.PD1.2(0) Explores food with hands and fingers;coordinates sucking/chewing and swallowing, eventuallygrasping easy-to-handle foods

Safety PD4 Safety Awareness and Self-Care

YI.1 Prefer caregiver over a stranger.


YI.2 Stop/wait when caregiver says "no" or gives anonverbal cue for alarm/danger.

PD4.1(0) Listens and watches adults (facial expressionsand voice tone) for cues of a harmful situation

9 to 16 Months


OI.1 Begin to be aware of own needs (cry when needchanging, get blanket when tired, etc.).

PD4.2(1) Accepts and is more involved with physicalcare routines (toothbrushing, nose wiping, diapering,handwashing, dressing, etc.)

OI.2 Soothe self and fall asleep.SE4.1(1) Shows increasing regulation in accepting andfollowing daily routines and activities with familiaradults

OI.3 Help with dressing, undressing and diapering.PD4.2(1) Accepts and is more involved with physicalcare routines (toothbrushing, nose wiping, diapering,handwashing, dressing, etc.)

OI.4 Wash and dry hands, with help.PD4.2(1) Accepts and is more involved with physicalcare routines (toothbrushing, nose wiping, diapering,handwashing, dressing, etc.)


OI.1 Grasp and drink from a cup. PD1.2(1) Uses fingers and hands to grasp and eat fingerfoods and drink from cups

OI.2 Feed self with a spoon.


OI.3 Eat finger foods. PD1.2(1) Uses fingers and hands to grasp and eat fingerfoods and drink from cups

OI.4 Eat a variety of nutritious foods.

PD1.2(1) Uses fingers and hands to grasp and eat fingerfoods and drink from cupsPD1.2(2) Tries and consumes a variety of nutritiousfoods with prompting; chooses from healthy foods;knows some foods are better than others for our bodies

OI.5 Be able to control the speed of eating. PD1.2(1) Uses fingers and hands to grasp and eat fingerfoods and drink from cups


OI.1 Be able to tell who are his or her main caregiversand family, and who are strangers.

SE2.1(1) Seeks familiar adults for cues about how torespond to environment for comfort and support; showsattachment to trusted adults

OI.2 Be distracted from unsafe behavior with words(such as "no-no" or "stop") or signals from adults.

PD4.1(1) Looks for cues from adults to guide behaviorin possible harmful situation

OI.3 Look to adults before initiating an unsafe behavior. PD4.1(1) Looks for cues from adults to guide behaviorin possible harmful situation

16 to 36 Months


T.1 Want to take care of self.PD4.2(2) Shows self-care development in physical careroutines (assisting with toothbrushing, handwashing,dressing, diapering/toileting, nose wiping, etc.)

T.2 Dress and undress completely (except for fasteners),with help.

PD4.2(2) Shows self-care development in physical careroutines (assisting with toothbrushing, handwashing,dressing, diapering/toileting, nose wiping, etc.)

T.3 Have sleeping routines, such as getting and arrangingsoft toys to take to bed.

SE4.1(2) Begins to manage own behavior and showself-regulation; demonstrates increasing ability to cope

with stress; calms self with soothing techniques withadult support; understands and finds comfort in routines,rules, or limitations

T.4 Sleep well. Wake up rested and ready to be active.PD1.1(2) Participates in a variety of moderate tovigorous play activities for short periods of time; triesnew games

T.5 Show interest in toilet training. Use the toilet byabout age 3 years, with help.

PD4.2(2) Shows self-care development in physical careroutines (assisting with toothbrushing, handwashing,dressing, diapering/toileting, nose wiping, etc.)

T.6 Wash and dry hands, with only a little help needed.PD4.2(2) Shows self-care development in physical careroutines (assisting with toothbrushing, handwashing,dressing, diapering/toileting, nose wiping, etc.)

T.7 Cooperate with tooth-brushing.PD4.2(2) Shows self-care development in physical careroutines (assisting with toothbrushing, handwashing,dressing, diapering/toileting, nose wiping, etc.)


T.1 Feed self with a spoon, without help.


T.2 Feed self a sandwich, taking bites.


T.3 Recognize and eat a variety of healthy foods. Chooseamong food options.

PD1.2(2) Tries and consumes a variety of nutritiousfoods with prompting; chooses from healthy foods;knows some foods are better than others for our bodies

T.4 Name five or six of own body parts.L2.2(2) Uses new words each day for objects, actions,and to describe feelings, etc.; begins to understand someopposite concepts.


T.1 Recognize safety rules, but not always follow them. PD4.1(2) Recognizes some harmful situations withguidance; begins to understand safe and unsafe behaviors

Communicating 1: Language/Literacy, 9: Dual Language LearnersBirth to 9 Months

Speaking and listening (language development)

DL1 Receptive Language (Listening andUnderstanding), DL2 Expressive Language (SpeakingSecond Language), L1 Receptive Language(Listening), L2 Expressive Language (Speaking)

YI.1 Show interest in speech of others.

L1.1(0) Listens and responds with interest to sounds andverbal communication of others; watches and responds tobody language, gestures, and other forms of nonverbalcommunication.

YI.2 Cry, coo and make other sounds. L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

YI.3 Cry in different ways depending on whetherhungry, in pain or tired.

L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

YI.4 Imitate adult facial expressions. L2.1(0) Uses and imitates sounds, gestures, or signs toexpress needs and wants.

YI.5 Respond when the child's name is called.


YI.6 Vocalize, squeal, laugh and gesture tocommunicate.

L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

YI.7 Babble, try to talk and copy sounds. L2.1(0) Uses and imitates sounds, gestures, or signs toexpress needs and wants.

YI.8 Begin to say consonant sounds, such as "m," "b." L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

YI.9 Pay attention to what adult is looking at or pointingto.


YI.10 Use a variety of sounds to express emotions. L2.1(0) Uses and imitates sounds, gestures, or signs toexpress needs and wants.

YI.11 Reach and point to communicate. L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

YI.12 Follow simple requests.


YI.13 Take turn in "conversation" or vocal play withadults.


YI.14 Say first word. L2.2(0) Begins making specific sounds, gestures, facialexpressions to communicate.

Reading L3 Foundational Reading

YI.1 Imitate sounds of language. L2.1(0) Uses and imitates sounds, gestures, or signs toexpress needs and wants.

YI.2 Show awareness of the sounds of spoken words byfocusing on the person speaking.


YI.3 Explore books' physical features (such as bychewing on cloth books).

L3.1(0) Shows interest in songs, rhymes, and stories;explores books with mouth and hands; attends to colorfulpictures and photos.

YI.4 Focus attention for a short period of time whenlooking at books.


YI.5 Begin to participate in stories, songs andfingerplays.


Writing L4 Writing

YI.1 Watch when someone writes or draws.AL3.1(0) Pays attention to people, objects, and sounds;tries to reproduce a desired outcome; cries to receiveattention

9 to 16 Months



OI.1 Turn to the person speaking, and pay attention towhat the speaker is looking at or pointing to.

L1.1(1) Begins to understand gestures, words, questions,or routines; responds appropriately to familiar signs,words, songs; follows one-step direction with adultsupport.

OI.2 Turn, stop or speak when name is called.SE1.1(1) Becomes more aware of own body and others;consistently responds to name; recognizes self in mirror;uses pronouns "me" and "mine"

OI.3 Respond appropriately to familiar words (such asclapping when caregiver says "Clap").


OI.4 Point to familiar persons and things in answer to thequestion "Where is ______?"


OI.5 Use words, sounds and gestures to get attention,make requests, comment, greet.


OI.6 Use consistent sounds to indicate a specific personor thing, such as saying "dada" for daddy.


OI.7 Name familiar people, animals and objects. L2.2(1) Learns and uses new words each day to labelpeople and objects, sing songs, make requests.

OI.8 Use eight to 20 understandable words in homelanguage.

DL2.1(B) Uses gestures, facial expressions, andsingle-word utterances to communicate needs and wantsin home language, moving to second language; respondsto rhymes and songs by repeating simple words orphrases

OI.9 Use single-word speech (such as saying "Up" to bepicked up) and short, two-word sentences ("Me go.").


OI.10 If learning two languages, may not use words inthe second language, but communicate with gestures andfacial expressions.

DL2.1(B) Uses gestures, facial expressions, andsingle-word utterances to communicate needs and wantsin home language, moving to second language; respondsto rhymes and songs by repeating simple words orphrases

OI.11 Take part in simple conversations.

L1.1(1) Begins to understand gestures, words, questions,or routines; responds appropriately to familiar signs,words, songs; follows one-step direction with adultsupport.L2.1(1) Uses consistent sounds, gestures, signs, or wordsfor a variety of purposes to express needs and wantswhich are understood by familiar adults.

OI.12 Enjoy following single-step directions. ("Bring methe ball")



OI.1 Make the sounds of familiar words when read to.L3.2(1) Listens to short texts read aloud; points tospecific characters or objects in a book when asked;anticipates repeated elements in a story.

OI.2 Show awareness of the sounds of spoken words byfocusing on the person speaking.


OI.3 Point to pictures and words in book; have favoritebooks; increasingly able to handle books, with help; tryto turn pages.

L3.1(1) Demonstrates interest and involvement inhandling books without help; looks at pictures, photos,and drawings; participates in shared reading by pointingto pictures and turning pages.

OI.4 Bring a book to an adult to read aloud.L3.2(1) Listens to short texts read aloud; points tospecific characters or objects in a book when asked;anticipates repeated elements in a story.

OI.5 Focus attention for a short period of time whenlooking at books.

L3.1(1) Demonstrates interest and involvement inhandling books without help; looks at pictures, photos,and drawings; participates in shared reading by pointingto pictures and turning pages.

OI.6 Participate in stories, songs, finger plays andrhymes.

L3.3(1) Enjoys songs and rhymes and plays with sounds(imitates nonsense syllables, makes animal sounds, etc.).

Writing L4 Writing

OI.1 Scribble or make marks on paper without help. L4.1(1) Makes purposeful marks with various writingtools.

OI.2 Grasp marker or crayon with fist and mark on paperin any location.

L4.1(1) Makes purposeful marks with various writingtools.

16 to 36 Months



T.1 Respond appropriately to familiar words. Respond todirections that include verbs, such as run, jump, reach,open.

L1.1(2) Follows simple one and two-step directions withadult support; listens and responds to simple rhymes;listens to stories and conversations and confirmsunderstanding through simple reciprocal language;progresses in understanding and responding to verbal andnonverbal cues

T.2 Touch correct body parts in songs or games whereyou identify parts of the body.


T.3 Use more than 100 words. When learning more thanone language, the child might not use words equally inboth languages.

DL2.1(M) Begins to combine words from home andsecond languages to communicate needs and wants, andto participate in two-way conversations; responds to textsread aloud, songs, and rhymes, repeating simple wordsand phrases and answering simple questions as a sign ofcomprehension with adult support

T.4 Enjoy learning new words. L2.2(2) Uses new words each day for objects, actions,and to describe feelings, etc.; begins to understand some

opposite concepts.

T.5 Point to and name objects when told their use ("Whatdo you drink with?").

L2.2(2) Uses new words each day for objects, actions,and to describe feelings, etc.; begins to understand someopposite concepts.

T.6 Name items in a picture book, such as a cat or tree.

L3.1(2) Demonstrates interest and involvement withbooks and other print materials; selects books to be readand chooses favorites; names items in pictures;recognizes books by their covers.

T.7 Use mostly one- and two-syllable words, with somethree-syllable words.


T.8 Use three- or four-word sentences with a noun andverb.

L2.3(2) Begins to communicate in short phrases orsentences, combining two-three words.

T.9 Use negatives ("I don't want it").L2.1(2) Participates in simple two-way verbal ornonverbal (signs) conversations to express and talk aboutneeds, wants, experiences, and ideas.

T.10 Use adjectives in phrases (such as a big bag, or agreen hat).


T.11 Ask and answer simple questions, as appropriate forthe culture.


T.12 Speak clearly enough in home language to beunderstood most of the time.


T.13 Begin to follow grammatical rules, though notalways correctly.

L2.3(2) Begins to communicate in short phrases orsentences, combining two-three words.

T.14 Change tone to communicate meaning.L2.1(2) Participates in simple two-way verbal ornonverbal (signs) conversations to express and talk aboutneeds, wants, experiences, and ideas.

T.15 Recount an event, with help. Communicate aboutrecent activities.

L2.1(2) Participates in simple two-way verbal ornonverbal (signs) conversations to express and talk aboutneeds, wants, experiences, and ideas.

T.16 Remember and follow simple directions in homelanguage and attempt to make sense of directions thatinclude gestures (such as the gesture for "come here") ina second language.

DL1.1(B) Responds to gestures and simple directions inhome and second language; begins to understand simplewords in home and second language; listens with interestto picture books read aloud

T.17 Follow two-step directions with complex sentencestructure (noun + verb + adverb, such as "Put the toysaway quickly"). Struggle if too many directions are givenat once.


T.18 Take turns in longer conversations.L2.1(2) Participates in simple two-way verbal ornonverbal (signs) conversations to express and talk aboutneeds, wants, experiences, and ideas.

T.19 Use gestures or phrases to show respect for others,though need adult prompts sometimes.


T.20 Enjoy making animal sounds to represent familiaranimals.

L3.3(2) Continues to explore and play sounds (extendsand repeats phonemes [individual sounds in a word],mimics rhymes, etc.).


T.1 Enjoy reciting phrases from familiar rhymes, storiesand fi ngerplays. Say the last word of a familiar rhyme tocomplete it.

L3.2(2) With adult support and picture cues, showsunderstanding of short texts read aloud by answeringsimple questions, reciting repeated phrases, andidentifying characters.

T.2 Join in rhyming games and songs with otherchildren.


T.3 Sing songs with or recite letters of the alphabet.L3.3(2) Continues to explore and play sounds (extendsand repeats phonemes [individual sounds in a word],mimics rhymes, etc.).

T.4 Begin to understand that print represents words (forexample, pretend to read text).

L3.4(2) Begins to recognize and understand that picturesor symbols can be "read" by others and have meaning.

T.5 Know the right side up of a book. Turn pages,usually one at a time. Imitate reading by turning pages,remembering and telling the story.

L3.1(2) Demonstrates interest and involvement withbooks and other print materials; selects books to be readand chooses favorites; names items in pictures;recognizes books by their covers.

T.6 Notice both words and pictures on a page. Describethe action in pictures.


T.7 Recite familiar words in a book when read to.


T.8 Recall characters or actions from familiar stories.L3.2(1) Listens to short texts read aloud; points tospecific characters or objects in a book when asked;anticipates repeated elements in a story.

T.9 Anticipate what comes next in known stories.


T.10 Recognize print in the neighborhood (such as stopsigns, signs on buildings, etc.).

L3.4(2) Begins to recognize and understand that picturesor symbols can be "read" by others and have meaning.

T.11 Ask to be read to, or for storytelling. Request afavorite book or story many times.

L3.1(2) Demonstrates interest and involvement withbooks and other print materials; selects books to be read

and chooses favorites; names items in pictures;recognizes books by their covers.

Writing L4 Writing

T.1 Label pictures using scribble writing or ask an adultto label the pictures.

L4.1(2) Imitates adult writing, experimenting withdifferent kinds of writing tools to make scribbles;understands people use writing to communicate.

T.2 Use symbols or pictures to represent oral languageand ideas.


T.3 Scribble and make marks on paper, and tell otherswhat the scribble means.


T

T.4 Draw horizontal and vertical lines.L4.1(2) Imitates adult writing, experimenting withdifferent kinds of writing tools to make scribbles;understands people use writing to communicate.

T.5 Use a variety of writing tools (pencil, marker, paintbrush).


Learning about my world 2: Math, 3: Science, 4: Social Studies, 6: Approachesto Learning, 8: Creative Arts

Birth to 9 Months

Knowledge (cognition) AL2 Creative Thinking, Problem-Solving, Reasoning,AL4 Memory and Reflection

YI.1 Pay attention to sights and sounds.AL3.1(0) Pays attention to people, objects, and sounds;tries to reproduce a desired outcome; cries to receiveattention

YI.2 Look for dropped object.AL4.1(0) Recognizes familiar people, places, and things;after repeated experiences, remembers that unseenobjects are still there

YI.3 Gaze at and track an object with his/her eyes.AL2.1(0) Attends to objects, eventually experimentingwith different ways to interact with them; responds toplayful interactions with smiles and giggles

YI.4 Act to trigger a pleasing sight, sound or motion,such as kicking at a mobile; repeat actions many times tocause a desired effect.


YI.5 Show curiosity about things and try to get thingsthat are out of reach.


YI.6 Imitate sounds; imitate actions, such as clappinghands, pushing a toy.


YI.7 Search for a hidden object.AL4.1(0) Recognizes familiar people, places, and things;after repeated experiences, remembers that unseenobjects are still there

MathM1 Number Sense, Quantity, and Operations, M2Geometry and Spatial Sense, M3 Measurement andData, M4 Patterns, Sorting/Classifying, Reasoning

YI.1 Play with toys and things of different sizes andshapes. M3.1(0) Explores objects with different shapes and sizes.

YI.2 Anticipate "more" during routines. M1.1(0) Listens and responds to an adult counting;responds to question of wanting more.

ScienceSC1 Observation and Inquiry, SC2 Physical Science,SC3 Life Science, SC4 Earth Science andEnvironment

YI.1 Use the senses (mouthing, watching, grasping,reaching) to get information and explore what's nearby.


YI.2 Use more than one sense at a time, such as whenlooking at, feeling and shaking a rattle.


YI.3 Repeat behaviors to figure out cause and effect. Forexample, a toy released high always goes down (law ofgravity).

SC2.1(0) Observes how objects move when acted upon;pays attention to lights and sounds; imitates sounds;observes properties of materials (wet vs. dry; hot vs.cold, etc.).

YI.4 Enjoy filling containers and dumping them out.AL2.1(0) Attends to objects, eventually experimentingwith different ways to interact with them; responds toplayful interactions with smiles and giggles

YI.5 Show interest in animals and pictures of animals. SC3.1(0) Shows interest and curiosity in natural world;pays attention to living creatures, plants.

Social Studies

SS1 History and Events, SS2 Geography andSymbolic Representation, SS3 Culture, Family, andCommunity, SS4 Government, Economics, andTechnology

YI.1 Show interest in people.AL3.1(0) Pays attention to people, objects, and sounds;tries to reproduce a desired outcome; cries to receiveattention

YI.2 Notice daily routines.AL4.1(0) Recognizes familiar people, places, and things;after repeated experiences, remembers that unseenobjects are still there

Arts CA1 Visual Arts, CA2 Music, CA3 Movement andDance, CA4 Dramatic Play and Imagination

YI.1 Gaze at pictures, photos and mirror images. CA1.2(0) Responds to or shows interest in visual stimuli(bright colors, toys, mobiles, stuffed animals, etc.)

YI.2 Show interest in sounds, tones, voices, music,colors and shapes. AL1.1(0) Uses senses to explore immediate environment

YI.3 Notice and move to music and/or rhythms.CA2.1(0) Responds to and shows interest in musicalsounds by turning head or moving body; explores vocalsounds through imitation

9 to 16 Months


OI.1 Observe others' activities. Then imitate theiractions, gestures and sounds.

CA4.1(1) Observes and imitates, sounds, gestures, andbehaviors of others

OI.2 Use imitation to make a desired effect, such asactivating a toy, or obtaining an object.

SS4.3(1) Uses trial and error to explore simplemechanisms on toys (switches, buttons, levers, dials,etc.)

OI.3 Explore things in many ways, such a shaking,banging, poking and throwing.


OI.4 Enjoy playing hiding games; locate an object thathas been hidden from view.


OI.5 Use objects as intended, such as pushing buttons ona toy phone, or drinking from a cup.

AL2.2(1) Demonstrates a recognition of cause/effectrelationships (pushes toy car and watches it roll away)

OI.6 Use objects as a means to an end, such as using abucket to take toys from one place to another.


OI.7 Seek caregiver's help by making sounds, words,facial expressions or gestures to obtain an object or startan activity.


OI.8 Match similar objects. M4.2(1) Forms sets of like items (places dolls in onearea and blocks in another).

OI.9 Begin make-believe play and imitate the actions ofothers, such as rocking and feeding a baby doll.

CA4.2(1) Uses dolls and toys as if they were real;engages in pretend play with realistic objects

OI.10 Explore objects in nonconventional ways. AL2.1(1) Uses play objects in different ways thanintended; finds humor in unexpected interactions


OI.1 Understand the idea of "more" related to food orplay. Use gestures to ask for more.

M1.1(1) Shows interest in and awareness of numbers andcounting during daily routines and activities; understandsdifferences in quantity: more, all gone, less.

OI.2 Imitate rote counting using some names ofnumbers.

M1.1(1) Shows interest in and awareness of numbers andcounting during daily routines and activities; understandsdifferences in quantity: more, all gone, less.

OI.3 Play with toys and objects of different size andshape.

M2.1(1) Explores shapes and objects and how they fittogether.

OI.4 Put things together, such as simple matchingpuzzles, nesting cups.

M2.1(1) Explores shapes and objects and how they fittogether.

OI.5 Follow simple directions that use words like "in,""on," "up" and "down."



OI.1 Take action to achieve a goal, such as fitting puzzlepieces together, or activating a toy.

SC1.1(1) Uses senses to explore and manipulate objectsto observe how things work; varies behaviors to observeresults.

OI.2 Express surprise and delight to play outdoors andwith natural elements, such as water, sand and mud.


OI.3 Express excitement when seeing animals, birds andfish. Show interest in animals and representations ofanimals.

SC3.1(1) Begins to differentiate between animals andplants; interacts respectfully with animals and plants;identifies some living things by name.

OI.4 Notice the characteristics of natural things, such asleaves, or events, such as rain or wind.

SC4.1(1) Notices difference between night and day;identifies sky and things in it (moon, sun, stars, clouds);notices current weather conditions.

OI.5 Respond to caregiver's guidance on how to actappropriately toward and around living things.

SC3.1(1) Begins to differentiate between animals andplants; interacts respectfully with animals and plants;identifies some living things by name.

OI.6 Enjoy using or playing with technology objects,such as a wind-up toy.


Social Studies


OI.1 Be eager for regular daily activities. SS1.1(1) Responds and reacts to changes in routine orschedule

OI.2 Recognize the start and end of an event (such as byclapping at the end of a song).

M4.1(1) Follows patterns in songs/movements, dailyroutines.

OI.3 Explore spaces, such as trying to fit into an opencardboard box.

M2.2(1) Explores ways objects and people move and fitin space; adjusts reach and grasp based on distance, size,and weight of object to be moved; explores space withbody.

OI.4 Recognize some familiar places, such as home,store, grandma's house.


OI.5 Know where favorite toys or foods are kept.


OI.6 Know where the trash can and recycling bin are.



OI.1 Try a variety of art materials, such as paint,crayons, markers, play dough, clay.

CA1.1(1) Uses a variety of materials in exploring andcreating age-appropriate artwork

OI.2 Try a variety of sound sources, such as rattles, bells,drums.

SC2.1(1) Observes the ways objects move when actedupon; explores different sounds; observes and exploresproperties of materials (hard vs. soft; wet vs. dry; hot vs.cold, etc).

OI.3 Show interest in sounds, tones, voices, music,colors and shapes.


OI.4 Enjoy rhythms and movement. CA2.2(1) Moves body in rhythm with music

16 to 36 Months


T.1 Experiment with the effect of own actions on thingsand people.

AL2.2(2) Asks questions to seek information; explorescause/effect relationships by repeating actions andobserving reactions

T.2 Know that playing with certain desirable orforbidden things will get adults' attention.

AL2.2(2) Asks questions to seek information; explorescause/effect relationships by repeating actions andobserving reactions

T.3 Make choices, such as which toy to play with. SE1.2(2) Chooses favorite foods, objects, and activities

T.4 Take action based on past experience. For example,if the caregiver blows on hot food before eating it, childwill blow on food at the next meal.


T.5 Connect objects with actions (such as a broom forsweeping).


T.6 Repeat an action over and over until successful, suchas stacking blocks until they no longer fall down.

AL2.3(2) Tries several strategies to solve a problem(tries forcing a puzzle piece in place, then turns it until itfits)

T.7 Explore and use trial and error to solve problems.AL2.3(2) Tries several strategies to solve a problem(tries forcing a puzzle piece in place, then turns it until itfits)

T.8 Imitate how others solve problems.AL2.3(2) Tries several strategies to solve a problem(tries forcing a puzzle piece in place, then turns it until itfits)

T.9 Ask for help when needed.AL2.2(2) Asks questions to seek information; explorescause/effect relationships by repeating actions andobserving reactions

T.10 Show recall of people and events, such as byclapping hands when told that a favorite person will visit.


T.11 Recall and follow the order of routines, such aswashing and drying hands before eating.


T.12 Play make-believe with props, such as dolls orstuffed animals.

CA4.2(2) Uses objects in new ways or in pretend play;uses multiple toy props; engages in pretend play to actout daily routines

T.13 React to puppets as if they are real and not operatedby an adult or another child.

CA4.1(2) Uses imitation or pretend play to expresscreativity and imagination


T.1 Count to at least 10 from memory. M1.1(2) Grows in role counting; begins to understandconcept of "one" and "two"; identifies more/less in sets.

T.2 Begin counting small groups of items (up to five). M1.1(2) Grows in role counting; begins to understandconcept of "one" and "two"; identifies more/less in sets.

T.3 Understand the concepts of "one" and "two," such asby following directions to take one cracker.

M1.1(2) Grows in role counting; begins to understandconcept of "one" and "two"; identifies more/less in sets.

T.4 Recognize and name a few numerals. M1.1(2) Grows in role counting; begins to understandconcept of "one" and "two"; identifies more/less in sets.

T.5 Identify quantity and comparisons, such as all, some,none. Use comparison words correctly, such as biggerand smaller, more and less.

M3.1(2) Uses words to describe differences in quantityand length; compares sizes of objects; explores ways tomeasure using non-standard units of measure.

T.6 Explore measuring tools, such as measuring cups, ora ruler.

M3.1(2) Uses words to describe differences in quantityand length; compares sizes of objects; explores ways tomeasure using non-standard units of measure.

T.7 Match simple flat shapes (circles, squares, triangles).M2.1(2) Recognizes and matches some familiar shapes,expanding to shapes of different sizes and orientations;names attributes of shapes with adult support.

T.8 Identify two geometric shapes, such as a circle and asquare.

M2.1(2) Recognizes and matches some familiar shapes,expanding to shapes of different sizes and orientations;names attributes of shapes with adult support.

T.9 Follow simple directions for position, such as up,down, in, on.

M2.2(2) Begins to understand and respond to positionalwords in directions; may include positional words inspeaking.


T.1 Look at and handle things to identify what's the sameand what's different about them.

SC1.1(2) Uses senses to explore; shares what is seen,heard, and touched; makes simple predictions based onprevious experiences; observes the effects of theiractions on others.

T.2 Explore nature using the senses, such as looking atand feeling different leaves.


T.3 Ask simple questions about the natural world("Where did the rainbow go?").


T.4 Show interest in animals and other living things.Begin to label them by name and to identify traits (suchas the sound a cow makes).

SC3.1(2) Observes, cares for, and tells somecharacteristics/traits of living things in the natural worldwith adult guidance; observes/identifies naturalmaterials; notices similarities and differences betweenbabies and adults; begins to notice differences betweenliving and non-living things.

T.5 Enact animals' activities (such as eating, sleeping) inpretend play. Move toy animals to mimic animals in thewild.


T.6 Explore the parts of living things, such as the petalson a flower.


T.7 Engage with plants and animals in a respectful way,without adult prompting. Express concern if an animal isinjured or sick. Comment on what it takes to make thingsgrow ("That plant needs water").


T.8 Identify weather, such as sun, rain, snow.SC4.1(2) Identifies and describes objects in the day andnight sky with adult prompting; discusses currentseasonal and weather conditions.

T.9 Know that people and animals can live in differentkinds of places, such as fish living in the water.


Social Studies


T.1 Eager for recurring events ("After lunch, I will hear astory").


T.2 Connect new experiences to past experiences.AL4.1(2) Recalls information in new situations;remembers where a toy was put away; knows wherethings are kept in their environment

T.3 Experiment with physical relationships, such ason/under, inside/ outside.

M2.2(2) Begins to understand and respond to positionalwords in directions; may include positional words inspeaking.

T.4 Help with home and class routines that keep thingsclean.

SS4.1(2) With adult support, carries out some classroomresponsibilities and follows simple rules; helps withsimple classroom jobs

T.5 Understand roles of various people in thecommunity.

SS3.3(2) Talks about or role-plays what family membersdo during the day


T.1 Use a variety of materials to express self, such aspaint, crayons and musical instruments.

CA1.1(2) Chooses and participates in art activities, usingdifferent materials to create artwork

T.2 Sing and make up simple songs and/or music withinstruments.

CA2.1(2) Shows interest and participates in a widevariety of music and songs; sings some simple songs;explores volume

T.3 Explore various ways of moving the body with andwithout music.

CA2.2(2) Explores musical rhythms through movement,with and without instruments and propsCA3.1(2) Moves and dances alone or with others;performs movements in songs and fingerplays

T.4 Imitate movement after watching others performgames or dance.

CA3.1(2) Moves and dances alone or with others;performs movements in songs and fingerplays

T.5 Act out familiar stories or events.CA4.2(2) Uses objects in new ways or in pretend play;uses multiple toy props; engages in pretend play to actout daily routines

Source: Washington State Department of Early Learning (2012)

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