waste final and disposal
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
1/52
1
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
2/52
“substances or objects which are disposedof or are intended to be disposed of or arerequired to be disposed of by theprovisions of the law”
Disposal means
“any operation which may lead to resource
recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses
2
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
3/52
Any material which is not needed bythe owner, producer or processor.
Classication Domestic waste Factory waste Waste from oil factory E-waste
Construction waste Agricultural waste Food processing waste Bio-medical waste uclear waste
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
4/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
5/52
!olid waste- vegetable waste, itchen waste,
household waste etc! domestic, commercial andindustrial wastes especially common as co-disposal of wastes
"#amples$ plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
E-waste- discarded electronic devices lie computer,
%&, music systems etc!
"i#uid waste- water used for di'erent industries egtanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
$lastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, bucets etc!
%etal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc!
uclear waste- unused materials from nuclear powerplants
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
6/52
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and
others)
on-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, oldmachines,
cans, styrofoam containers and others)
6
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
7/527
&a'ardous wastes!ubstances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped,transported to or brought from the country of originfor dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, anypart of the territory of the $hilippines
on-ha'ardous
!ubstances safe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped,transported to or brought from the country of originfor dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, anypart of the territory of the $hilippines
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
8/52
&ouseholds
Commerce and(ndustry
8
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
9/52
Agriculture
Fisheries
9
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
10/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
11/5211
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
12/52
*!+ million tonnes of haardous waste
ne .q m of additional landll area every-year
/s 0122 crore for treatment 3 disposal ofthese wastes
4n addition to this industries discharge about
052 million tonnes of high volume low haardwaste every year, which is mostly dumped onopen low lying land areas!
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
13/52
$rimarily by the city municipality-6o gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc-Dumps these wastes to the city outsirts
"ocal raddiwala ) *abadiwala +ag pic*ers-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets-Collecting glass bottles-Collecting paper for recycling
%CD- !ophisticated DW% +Delhi Waste%anagement ehicle
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
14/52
Cloudburst in 7umbai (+225) clogged thesewage line due to large no! of plastic bags
8last in the 8husan .teel factory at 6oida,
caused due to imported scrap from 4ran
/eduction in the number of migratory birdsdue to consumption of contaminated foods
.tray animals dying on streets and farmlanddue to consumption of plastic bags, whichblocs the food movement in their stomach
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
15/52
A/ects our health A/ects our socio-economic conditions
A/ects our coastal and marineenironment
A/ects our climate
15
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
16/52
0&0s are accumulating in Earth1s atmosphere
ising global temperatures
Changing regional climates could alter forests, cropyields, and water supplies.
2his could also a/ect human health, animals, andmany types of ecosystems.
Deserts might e3pand into e3isting rangelands, andfeatures of some of our national par*s might bepermanently altered.
16
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
17/52
17
Actiities that hae altered the chemical composition of theatmosphere4
-Buildup of 0&0s primarily carbon dio3ide +C56 methane
+C&7, and nitrous o3ide +68.
-C86 is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil
fuels, wood and wood products, and solid waste.
-C&7 is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in
land9lls, the raising of liestoc*, and the production and
transport of coal, natural gas, and oil.
-86 is emitted during agricultural and industrial actiities,
as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.(n :;
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
18/52Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
19/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
20/52
20
Composting 8iological degradation of organic material under
aerobic conditions! Energy
Combustion (re, steam)
9asication (syngas, methanol) :naerobic decomposition (methane, ethanol) Demanufacturing
Disassembly and recycling of obsolete consumerproducts!
euse /eusable glass container maes an average of 05
round-trips between factory and customer before ithas to be recycled!
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
21/52
ReduceReuse
Recycle
The “Three R’s”
21
(in order of their desirability)
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
22/52
22
%he best way to reduce our waste stream is
to produce less waste E3cess pac*aging of food and consumer
products is one of our greatest sources ofunnecessary waste!
$hotodegradable plastics brea downwhen e#posed to ;& rays!
Biodegradable plastics can bedecomposed by microorganisms!
%here are problems with photodegradableand biodegradable plastics, eg, don’t degrade completely , littering is considered ok with these degradable
products
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
23/52
23
Although most industrialied nations in the
world have agreed to stop shippingha'ardous and to3ic waste to lessdeeloped countries, the practice stillcontinues!
%o#ic wastes are sometimes “recycled” asbuilding materials, fertilier or soilamendments!
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
24/52
euse
- euse corrugated moing bo3es internally.
- euse o>ce furniture and supplies, such as
intero>ce enelopes, 9le folders, and paper.
- =se durable towels, tablecloths, nap*ins, dishes,cups, and glasses.
- =se incoming pac*aging materials for outgoingshipments.
- Encourage employees to reuse o>ce materialsrather than purchase new ones.
2
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
25/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
26/52
26
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
27/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
28/52
28
$redominant method of waste disposal in
deeloping countries (llegal dumping problems
0roundwater contamination, air pollution,
pest and health ha'ards
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
29/52
29.ource$ %he 4ndependent
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
30/52
!andfills "ost co""on "ethod of #astedis$osal % chea$ and conenient'
$en $its no longer acce$table'
Co"$le i"$er"eable botto" layers to tra$conta"inants
*aily de$osits are coered by layer of dirt'
Methane gas and leachate "onitoring #ells
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
31/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
32/52
Waste *is$osal Methods (cont+d)
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
33/52
%ore than :,688 of the :,?88 e3istingland9lls in the =.!. hae closed .
%any ma@or cities must export theirtrash. 33
$ ( )
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
34/52
34
Sanitary
Landfills
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
35/52
35
%ass Burn - "verything smaller thanmajor furniture and appliances loadedinto furnace!
Creates air pollution problems!
efuse-Deried Fuel - /efuse is sortedto remove recyclable and unburnablematerials!
=igher energy content than raw trash!
/educes disposal volume by >2-?2@! /esidual ash sent to landlls and usually contains
to#ic material!
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
36/52
36
Mass%,-rn .arbage/ncinerator
Mass%,-rn .arbage/ncinerator
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
37/52
7ass burnincineration
:ir pollution
Aaste toenergy
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
38/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
39/52
Contains at least one to#ic compound Catches re easily /eactive or e#plosive
Corrodes metal containers
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
40/52
What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home?
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
41/52
What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home?
Cleaning
0 *isinfectants
0 *rain toilet and
#indo# cleaners
0 $ot re"oers
0 e$tic tan3 cleaners
Paint
0 !ate and oil%based $aints
0 4aint thinners solents
and stri$$ers
0 tains arnishes
and lac-ers
0 Wood $reseraties
0 rtist $aints and in3s
eneral
0 *ry cell batteries
("erc-ry and cad"i-")
0 .l-es and ce"ents
ardening
0 4esticides
0 Weed 3illers
0 nt and rodent 3illers
0 lea $o#ders
Automoti!e
0 .asoline
0 sed "otor oil0 ntifreee
0 ,attery acid
0 olents
0 ,ra3e and trans"ission
fl-id
0 R-st inhibitor and
r-st re"oer
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
42/52
42
Ahat is ha'ardous waste<
- Discarded material containing substancesnown to be ignitable, corrosive, e#plosive orreactive, fatal, to#ic, mutagenic,carcinogenic, or teratogenic to humans or
other life forms!May contain either hazardous or toicmaterial!
7ost haardous waste comes from chemical
products industries
2o3ic e-waste from inadequate, or
:rac3ing ;aardo-s Wastes
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
43/52
43
:rac3ing ;aardo-s WastesToxic Release Inventory
Cradle to Grave
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
44/52
44
Broduce ess Aaste:void creating wastes in the rst place/euse and /ecycle
Convert to ess =aardous.ubstances
Bhysical %reatment ( %ie-up or 4solation)4ncinerationChemical Brocessing ( %ransformation)8ioremediation (7icroorganisms)
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
45/52
45
.tore Bermanently
/etrievable .torage
Can be inspected and periodicallyretrieved!
.ecure andlls
7odern, comple# landlls withmultiple liners and otherimpervious layers and monitoring
systems!
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
46/52
Bhysical methods Chemical methods 8ioremediation
Bhytoremediation Blasma incineration
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
47/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
48/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
49/52
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
50/52
ead
paint, gasoline, pipes, accumulates in soil andwater
neurological damage, slows brain development,idney disorders children especially vulnerable
7ercury paint, batteries, old thermometers, industrial
processes, combustion of coal, dental llings,contaminated historical mining sites
damages brain, idneys, developing fetus,learning disabilities, death with high doses
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
51/52
:rsenic treated wood, industrial processes,
contaminated soil and water impairs organ, heart, and blood functions
damages nervous system
BC8s (Bloycholorinated biphenyls) industrial chemical (used in re retartands,
lubricants, insulation for electricaltransformers, some printing ins)
carcinogenic, birth defects, lower 4E, learningdisabilities, impairs neurological development
-
8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal
52/52
Conduct outreach program adoptingan ecologically sound wastemanagement system which includes4
waste reduction
segregation at source
composting
recycling and re-use
more e>cient collection
more enironmentally sound disposal