waste heat recovery low- and high-temperature · waste heat recovery low- and high-temperature...
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WASTE HEAT RECOVERYLOW- AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE
ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
GÖTEBORG, 2017-10-05
JELMER RIJPKEMA, CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY [email protected]
CHRISTER ODENMARCK, VOLVO [email protected]
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PROJECT INFORMATION
2017-10-05 2JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Name WHR – Low Temperature
Start time – End time 2016-01-01 – 2017-12-31
Partners Swedish Energy Agency
Lund University
KTH
Chalmers
Volvo Cars
AB Volvo
Scania
IAV
TitanX
Gnutti Carlo
Support program FFI, Energy and Environment
Project grant 11 134 000 SEK
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PROJECT GOAL
2017-10-05 3JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
In order to meet future requirements for very low fuel consumption combined with low
emissions, heat losses in the engine should be converted to useful work.
The project aims to expand the potential of Rankine based waste heat recovery
systems in internal combustion engines by combining low- and high-temperature heat
sources.
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WHY WHR?
2017-10-05 4JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Trucks
(Indicative figures)
Engine manufacturers have different
strategies to improve engine
efficiency
Some of them already implemented
to reach 50% efficiency, WHR
allows for even higher efficiencies
WHR: 3 – 4%
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WHY WHR?
2017-10-05 5JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Passenger cars
48V Hybrid gives good fuel
consumption benefit for city
driving (WLTC)
WHR gives an additional ~4% or
up to 10% in highway driving
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AVAILABLE HEAT SOURCES IN ENGINES
2017-10-05 6JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
High-temperature:
• Exhaust gas out Heat loss: 30% – 40%
• EGR cooler Heat loss: 5% – 25%
Low-temperature:
• Coolant Heat loss: 20% – 30%
• Charge air cooler Heat loss: 5% – 20%
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RANKINE CYCLE
2017-10-05 7JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Main components:
• Pump
• Evaporator
• Expander
• Condenser
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WORK PACKAGES
2017-10-05 8JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
WP1: Lund – KCFP
Increased engine coolant
temperature
WP2: KTH – CCGEx
Expanders and system
integration
WP3: Chalmers – CERC
Thermodynamic cycles for
low- and high-temperature
heat sources
WP4: Volvo Cars
Light-duty demonstrator
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WP1: LUND – RESULTS
2017-10-05 9JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
• Low-temperature recoverable energy (from the
coolant) shows a peak for an optimum coolant
temperature
• High-temperature recoverable energy (from
exhaust) increased
• Indicated efficiency gain shows a peak for an
optimum coolant temperature of up to 2.5%
• Combustion characteristics showed no significant
change with changing coolant temperature
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WP2: KTH – RESULTS
2017-10-05 10JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
• Expanders used mostly are either the piston or the
turbine types
• Limited no. of publications on practical design
conditions of expanders and their effect on the
cycle
• Analysis and modelling of more expander types for
efficient low-temperature heat recovery
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WP3: CHALMERS – RESULTS
2017-10-05 11JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
• Results from different thermodynamic
cycles and working fluids
(Thermodynamic potential)
• Potential for all heat sources
combine heat sources
• Best performance depends on
combination of heat source, working
fluid and thermodynamic cycleRijpkema, J., Munch, K. and Andersson, S.B., Thermodynamic Potential of Rankine and Flash
Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine, Energy Procedia, Vol. 129, 2017
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WP4: VOLVO CARS – AIM
2017-10-05 12JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
• Build a demonstrator WHR system
• Implement on a light duty engine
• Show possibility to reduce fuel
consumption in accordance with theory
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WP4: VOLVO CARS – SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2017-10-05 13JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Mechanical Transfer
• High efficiency to propulsion
• Need to be disconnected when there is no torque demand
• Packaging challenge
Electrical Transfer
• Losses of 30-50%, expander to propulsion
(except 12V Board net)
• Can store energy during transients
• Packaging freedom
Electromechanical transfer chosen:
High efficiency through• Mechanical transfer when
possible
• Electric transfer in transients
• Control challenge
• Packaging challenge
System
Simulation
Study
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WP4: VOLVO CARS – SYSTEM LAYOUT
2017-10-05 14JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
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WP4: VOLVO CARS – SYSTEM LAYOUT
2017-10-05 15JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2017-10-05 16JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Volvo Cars
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THANK YOU
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WHY WHR?
2017-10-05 18JELMER RIJPKEMA & CHRISTER ODENMARCK - ENERGIRELATERAD FORDONSFORSKNING 2017
Passenger cars
CO2 legislation
Higher loads in WLTP
RDE for CO2
Real-life consumption
Higher engine efficiency needed
2012: η = 20 – 25%
2025: η = 40 – 50%