waste is a resource in ecocity

8/14/2019 Waste is a Resource in Ecocity

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Waste is a resourcein EcocityUlla-Maija Mroueh, Customer Manager, VTT Technical Research

Centre of Finland


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Waste management in EcoCity

Outline of the presentation

Basic principles of waste management in

EcoCity

Waste collection and source separation Waste treatment methods

Future opportunities

Optimised waste treatment system


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Basic principles of waste management in EcoCity

EcoCity uses resources sparingly

Waste management and recycling is an integral part

of the resource management of the city

MateriaI efficiency is considered in town planning and

in all the activities of the city Life Cycle impacts of the resource management chain are

understood and controlled

Used resources are returned to natural or anthropogenic cycles

Keep soil healthy by returning nutrients and organic carbon

Maximum reuse of raw materials


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Basic principles of waste management in EcoCity

EcoCity does not pollute the environment

No emissions to soil, water or air from waste disposal,

treatment and transport

Responsibility and control

Waste is collected, recycled and treatedby responsible parties

The target is to produce high-quality sorted waste fractions,

which are easy to sell to re-users

The life in the city is enjoyable

Technology makes waste collection and recycling easy

for residents and workers


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What kind of waste is produced

Municipal waste

Waste from food production (fish, vegetables,

meat production?), mainly biodegradable

Hazardous waste

Bioenergy ashes

Construction waste

Sludge from wastewater treatment

Waste from enterprises - offices, small

companies, trade

And...


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Easy to-use source-separation systems

Each type of waste is collected separately

Better quality and recovery rate by

easy-to-use systems

Well-planned waste sorting facilities

in homes Separate waste bins for recyclable wastes

Waste sorting instructions in all residences

Hazardous waste separated from

other wastes

EkoLine waste sorting system by Stala Oy


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Easy to-use source-separation systems

In apartment buildings and offices

automatic waste transportation may be

arranged by conveyor systems

Conveyors may also be used for transport

of sorted wastes from waste collectionpoints

Conveyor system will be built, e.g. in Central

Congress Hall of Beijing Olympics

In Finland systems used in large

shopping centres

Waste conveyor system by Puzair Oy


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Collection of waste

For single-family homes and hazardous waste

collection points

Example: deep collection containers may be used

Space saving, most of the containerunderground

Optimisation of waste collection system

done in town planning stage

Proper location of buildings helps

to find best possible collection points

and optimal transport routes

Waste deep collection containers, Molok Oy


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Mechanical sorting plants

Treatment in mechanical sorting

plants

May help to optimise transport

Utilisation of mixed waste

treatment residue problematic The waste amount produced in

small cities may not be sufficient

for mechanical treatment plant


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Waste transport

In conveyor systems waste is transported by

pipeline to deep waste container/pressing

containers

Transportation from waste collection points

by small trucks ICT-based system used for

optimisation of waste logistics

New technologies for automatic identification

of waste types, waste container filling rates, etc.

will be introduced

System for optimisation of waste logistics,Ecomond Oy


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Composting

For biodegrable waste: from kitchen, garden,

farming and food production, waste water

treatment, anaerobic treatment of waste

Organic, biodegradable waste is recycled and

utilised for soil enrichment Reduces emissions of waste treatment

Reduces soil degradation by returning the

organic matter and nutrients to soil

Soil is kept fertile without synthetic fertilisers

Helps to remeadiate contaminated soil by

binding metals and absorbing organic pollutants


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One-family composters

Small composters for one family or a few families

Closed, rodent isolated, heat isolated in cold

conditions, leachate collection

Open composting only for garden waste

Several types and models produced in Finland Finnish small composters adapted to demanding

weather conditions

Maintenance is needed to produce good quality compost

Requirements Separate collection of compostable waste

A person responsible for maintaining


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Composting plants

Composting in closed tunnel or drum plant

Final refinement of the compost in piles (closed plant)

No odours, emissions are treated, e.g. by biofiltration

Leachate is collected and treated for recycling

Utilisation of the heat produced if possible

Vapo tunnel composting plant


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How to ensure good quality of the compost

Planning and delivery by

experienced parties

Capacity of the plant sufficient

Control of incoming material

Pretreatment of the material(shredding and mixing)

Process control (temperature,

oxygen, pressure)

Control of the product, product

quality criteria


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Anaerobic digestion and composting of residue

Anaerobic digestion an alternative

for compostion

Produced gas may be used as

biofuel

In stoves, for heating,electricity production, as

transport fuel

Substitutes for other fuels

Residue may be composted and

used as soil amendment

Potentially reduced greenhouse gasemissions compared with

composting


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Management of inorganic waste

Presorting inside the city

Most of the sorted waste transported to treatment plants

Producer responsibility basic principle

Promotion of responsible consumption is important

In the absence of producer responsibility systemsthe city must take responsibility for sustainable treatment

Ecological and social sustainability


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Waste from "business life"

Ashes from bioenergy production

Utilisation as fertiliser or in earth construction possible

Requires environmental characterisation

Pretreatment (washing, granulation) may be needed

for reduction of metal leaching

for improvement of technical properties

Construction and demolition waste

Presorting at construction sites

Reuse or utilisation in energy production, earthworks Other materials sent to recycling plants


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Material-efficiency is considered in town-planning

and all the activities of the city

Opportunities to reduce waste production

Packaging of self-produced goods optimised

Preference to recyclable and reusable productse.g. reusable transport packing

Preference to services

Joint use of appliances/equipment, etc.

Utilisation of ICT technology instead of paper

Good maintenance services Flexible buildings


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High recycling targets compared to best existing systems

New operational models and ways of thinking needed

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

90 %

100 %

Biowaste Paper and

cardboard

Glass Metal Electronic

waste

Wood

Recycling rates of household waste in the

Helsinki Metropolitan Area for 2004 (YTV, 2005)


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Organic biodegradable waste is collected and treated separately

inside the city

Usable, high-quality products

Optimised plants with minimal emissions and energy use

Inorganic waste is source-separated and transported to pretreatmentcentres or to treatment plants

Easy-to-use source separation systems

Ensure that waste is transported and treated by

responsible parties

waste is a resource in ecocity

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