MILANO RECYCLING CITY, 6th june 2014 International interview round table

Berlin, BSR Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetriebe AöR

Dr.-Ing. Alexander Gosten

Vizepresident Waste Treatment & Waste Management

6th June 2014

BSR is the largest municipal refuse collection service provider in the EU

… in approx. 2 million homes

(> 400,000 distributed waste

containers) …

... live approx.

3.5 million inhabitants ...

... who each year produce about

approx. 1.3 million tons of

urban waste …

On an area of 890 km² (larger than Munich, Frankfurt and Stuttgart combined)...

... (and approx.

160,000 dogs)....

… walk and drive on approx.

136 km² of public space

(such as streets, airports) ...

... and each year produce about

80,000 tons of street waste ...

... approx. 350.000 trees (>

102.000 m3 of leaves) …

... (with an increasing number of tourists

(more than 22 million overnight stays per year) …

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Type of Company and Mandate of BSR

BSR is 100% owned by the State of Berlin and as a public legal entity it is organised like

a public limited company (management board, supervisory board) since 1994.

BSR is commissioned to perform sovereign tasks of the State of Berlin.

Refuse collection (residual waste, organic waste), waste treatment (incineration

plants, mechanical physical stabilisation plants)

Street cleaning, snow removal and gritting

In the sovereign realm, BSR is financed though fees. The generation of profits is

therefore strictly ruled out (concept of cost coverage). Fee payers are directly benefitting

from decreasing costs as their fees are reduced.

BSR is allowed to also operate commercially (though subsidiaries), which in the broader

sense is also part of their range of tasks. The commercial is geared towards generating

profits and strengthening the equity of the company.

BSR is a guarantor for safe waste management and for the cleanliness if the city.

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Cleaning of streets and pavements (approx. 1.5 million

kilometres)

approx. 5.7 million waste basket collections

approx. approx. 209,000 gully clean-ups

Collection of approx. approx. 102,000 m3 leaves

Removal of illegal debris ( convoy of container trucks with

a length of more than 7 kilometres / 4.3 miles)

Snow removal and gritting ( more than 18,000 crossroads,

the length of roads covered matches the distance of 5 times

Berlin - Moscow, GPS navigation and

data recording)

Guaranteeing Cleanliness through state-of-the-art Technology - Performance Data of Cleaning Dept. - approx. 2,124 employees and approx. 820 vehicles -

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Collection of household and commercial waste (approx. 18.1

million collections per annum, from approx. 341,000 waste

containers)

Collection of recyclables (approx. 0.7 million emptyings of

about 40,000 waste containers)

Collection of organic waste (approx. 3.2 million collections

per annum, from approx. 83,000 waste containers)

15 recycling depots taking on approx. 20 types of recycling

materials and approx. 30 pollutants

Collection of approx. 10,850 tons of bulky waste

Other, e.g. 350,000 collected and recycled Christmas trees

Comprehensive Provision of Waste Disposal for all Berlin Homes - Performance Data of Refuse Collection - approx. 1,510 employees and approx. 400 vehicles -

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Unterground Waste Container Systems

Currently 41 Systems (sites) in use, 12 more Systems planned

Modular architecture ( different and complimentary options) and weekly emptying

Other Opportunities for Separate Waste Collection Except ~ 6.000 containers (on ~ 1.700 sites) for the collection of glass and an unknown number of boxes for old

textiles (set up by authorized collectors) there are no recycling banks in the public area.

Public authorities, hospitals and some companies (e.g. german railroad) offer additional possibilities for the

separate collection of waste (e.g. paper, glass, lightweight-packaging and mixed waste)

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BSR provides 15 Recycling Depots in Berlin for the separate Collection of recyclable Materials

[all figures in tons]

approx. 2.2 million visits by clients ...

approx. 138,000 tons total volume of waste

approx. 600,000 leaf bags (sold)

Type of Waste Quantity

scrap tyres 437

scrap carpets 2,224

scrap textiles 2,642

tree and shrub brashings 1,361

electronic scrap 13,568

tiles and ceramics 2,042

glass 1,467

wood 52,226

lightweight packaging 1,029

paper 10,609

residual waste 2,162

pollutants 2,769

scrap metal 7,988

bulky waste 26,830

total 137,128

leaf disposal bags 9,774

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Berlin: Amount and composition of waste1,2 (2012) Total: 1.540.332 t Separate Collected Recyclables: 420.000 t

1) Source: Abfallbilanz des Landes Berlin für das Jahr 2012 (http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/abfall/bilanzen/2012/bilanz2012.pdf) 2) complemented and/or corrected

data with source BSR-Entsorgungsbilanz 2012 3) Recyclables from Commerce and Industriy collected by Dual Systems (46.000t) and Waste for Disposal delivered to BSR

Waste-to-Energy-Plant) 4) separate collected recyclables from households and small businesses

Mixed waste*; 822.000; 53%

Paper / Cardboard4

(178.987t; 12%)

Plastics / Lightweight Packaging4

(93.852t; 6%)

Glass4 (66.453t; 4%)

Organic Waste4 (126.499t; 8%)

Used Textiles2 (2.642t)

Bulky Waste from Households2

(113.899t; 8%)

Commercial Waste3

(80.000t; 5%)

Street Litter and Grit (56.000t; 4%)

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Bulky waste

removal

2011: BSR and BR collect approx. 89% (368 kg) of all

waste produced in Berlin per head (412 kg)

Organics and green

waste*: 36.0 kg

Paper, cardboard*:

32.0 kg

Glass*: 20.2 kg

Bulky waste: 11.5 kg

Other:

Wood: 15.1 kg

Scrap electronics 4.5 kg

Metals: 2.4 kg

Textiles: 0.8 kg

Other: 1.0 kg

Domestic waste*:

241.4 kg

Recycling container*:

3.4 kg

approx.

412 kg / inhabitant / year

Metals

LVP

Scrap electronics

Textiles

Plastics

Glass

Inerts

Other

Paper, cardboard

Bulky waste-like

Organic

3.8

44.0

6.4

9.0

5.7

35.4

5.6

45.5

82.4

35.2

138.8

(respectively incl. of Recycling

depot volumes)

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What is thrown away in residual bins?

Domestic and trade waste

include about 40 % of dry

recyclable materials which could

at least partly be recovered.

Organic matter accounts for the

largest proportion.

[ARGUS-Study, BSR, 2008]

organic matter

paper & card

plastic

compound

textile

metal

mineral material

wood

others

42.5 %

12.0 %

9.4 %

7.0 %

3.3 %

2.1 %

2.0 %

0.4 %

15.0 %

glass 6.3 %

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Berlin: Collecting Waste and Recyclables

~ 320.000 bins

~ 16,6 Mill. emptyings

~ 7,9 Mill. m3 volume

underground containers: 120

emptying: weekly

bring Sites: ~ 1.515

containers: ~ 6.000

all containers are emptied fortnightly

~ 84.000 bins

~ 3,3 Mill. emptyings

~ 0,6 Mill. m3 volume

~ 95.000 bins

all bins are emptied fortnightly by

BSR subsidiary Berlin Recycling

~ 80.000 bins (estimated)

Berlin Recycling market share: 60% (estimated)

~ 150.000 bins

~ 193.000 sacks per year

BSR is emptying ~ 43.000 bins (~ 0.6 Mill.

emptyings, 0.35 Mill. m3 volume) and col-

lecting more than 200.000 sacks per year.

Others are collected/emptied by Alba.

51 bring site containers

Residual

Mixed Waste

Organic

Bio Waste

Glass

Paper and Cardboard

Lightweight Packaging / Plastics

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Berlin: Typical Housing Situations

1 x 120l MSC2 (fortnightly)

1 x 60l Bio (fortnightly) or composting

1 x 240l PPK3 or RC4 (monthly)

1 x 240l LVP5 (fortnightly)

Glass is delivered to collecting points

or

3 x 240l MSC (weekly)

1 x 240l Bio (weekly)

3 x 240l PPK (fortnightly)

2 x 240l LVP (fortnightly)

2 x 240l Glass (fortnightly)

2 x 1.100l MSC (twice a week)

2 x 240l Bio (weekly)

3 x 1.100l PPK (weekly)

2 x 1.100l LVP (fortnightly)

2 x 1.100 l Glass (fortnightly)

one family home

(~1 household)

housing block

(~10 flats1)

large housing estate

(~60 flats)

or

1) Used by families, single persons or small businesses 2) Municipal Solid Waste from households and small businesses ( mixed waste)

3) Paper, cardboard, carton 4) delivery to a recycling and reuse center 5) lightweight-packaging collected via bins or sacks

Milano Recycling City 6th June 2014 12

History of Organic Recycling in Berlin

1990/91: Trial of organic waste collection with scientific monitoring

1992: BSR is founding member of reg. Gütegemeinschaft Kompost e.V.

(quality association for compost)

1996: Begin of initial introduction in the inner city

2000: Begin of collection in the suburbs

2002: Completion of active introduction and acquisition respectively

from 2004: Optimisation process of organic waste collection

2007: BSR decision to build biogas plants in Berlin

2008: Planning and EU tender for construction

2009: Allocation to GU

2010: Permissionprocedure with the authorities and the public

2011: Official permit to build the plant

2013: Start operation in March,

2013: Taking over the plant from Strabag in October

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Development of Biogenous Waste in Berlin M

g/a

0

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Weihnachts-bäume

Baum- undStrauchschnitt

Laub(lose+Säcke)

Biogut

Christmas-

trees

Tree + shrub

brashings

Fallen leaves

(loose + in bags)

Organic matter

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Milano Recycling City 6th June 2014 15

3,432 3,443

3,461

3,326 3,375 3,394

15,3 17,0 16,8

18,6 18,4 18,6

16,6

19,5 16,3

19,4 19,0 21,0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Organic Waste per Inhabitant1,2,3

Bio Waste ( Bin Collection)

Other Organic Waste (e.g.

loose foliage from public

street areas, leaf sacks,

christmas trees)

Population (in Mill.)4

1) Alle Daten zur Bevölkerung (Basis sind Volkszählung und monatlich erfasste Veränderungen): …

2) Alle Daten zum Aufkommen an Bio- und Grünabfällen: Entsorgungsbilanzen der BSR für die Jahre 2008 – 2013

3) Zu beachten: Die Berechnung der pro Kopf-Sammelmengen ab 2011 basiert auf den auf Basis des Zensus 2011 gültigen Einwohnerzahlen. Die zum Stichtag der Zählung (9. Mai 2011)

erhobene Einwohnerzahl lag um 175.870 Personen (5,3 %) unter dem bis dato in der amtlichen Fortschreibung geführten Wert.

4) Bevölkerungsstand zum 30. Juni 2013

31,9

36,6

33,1

38,0 37,5

39,6

Prospective Utilisation of Biogenous Waste

Planned fermentation plants are designed for the treatment of organic waste

from household-bins (“Biotonne”)

Further biogenous waste and solid digestate can in future be treated at the

already existing compost sites around Berlin

external plants

non-fermentable waste

Christmas trees

tree and shrub brashings

fallen leaves

Conversion in own

fermentation plant

fermentable waste

digestate

organic waste

external / internal plants

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Closed Cycles in Organic Waste Disposal

Organic

Waste

Plants and agricultural

products

Compost

Insertion

Preparation

of Digestate

Supply to

Gardening and

Landscaping

Companies

Fuelling own

Vehicle Fleet

Feeding into

Gas Grid

Biogas

Preparation of Biogas

Preparation of

Organic Waste

Organic Waste

Collection

Fermentation

Milano Recycling City 6th June 2014 17

BSR – Biogas plant

Biofilter

Biofilter

Aerification

Digester

Preparation hall

Receiving

hall

Scales

Access

Access Plant

De- hydration

Biogas production: approx. 32,000 MWh/a

Utilisation for BSR vehicle fleet: approx. 25,000 MWh/a

Substitution of 2.5 million litres of Diesel

Surplus Biogas is used at BSR locations for the combined electricity

and heat generation: approx. 7,000 Mwh/a

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Key figures

Input:

Area:

Employees:

Exhaust air for odourisation :

Raw biogas production:

Raw biogas – annual production:

BioMethane – production:

Net energy production :

Diesel Substitution:

CO2 – reduction potential :

Output solid aerated fermentation residue:

Output liquid digestate :

60,000 Mg/a biowaste from households

2.7 ha

14

40,000 m³/h

119 m³/Mg of Input, with Ø 62 % CH4

~ 7,140,000 m³/a

~ 4,301,000 m³/a

~ 34 million kWh

~ 2.5 million litres

~ 6,200 Mg CO2 (diesel substitute) plus ~ 6,000 Mg CO2 (c-sequestration)

13,400 Mg/a

32,200 Mg/a

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Food waste at a glance*

Collection and transport of

organical leftovers from restaurants, cantinas, caterings…

bakery products and dough leftovers

food that has past its expiration date or foods that are no more marketable because of

cold chain interruptions

over production quantities from food industry ( in accordance with EU regulation No. 1069/2009 of 21 october 2009)

drippings and chip fast ( in accordance with 36th BImSchV (Federal Immission Control Act) and Biokraft-NachV (Biofuel Sustainability Ordinance) of 1 january 2013)

(Wheelie) Bin / barrel lavation and/or exchange

sources:http://www.bral.berlin/index.php and http://www.alba.info/uploads/media/Medienberichte-Powerabfall.pdf

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