waste minimisation for managers - environmental resources for the
TRANSCRIPT
This Guideincludes aseparatesummary
Waste minimisation for managers
GG
367
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This Good Practice Guide was produced by
Envirowise
Prepared with assistance from:
Enviros Aspinwall
Waste minimisation for managers
Summary
Waste disposal costs are just the visible cost of waste. Its true cost can be up to 25 timesthe cost of disposal and potentially up to 4.5% of a company’s annual turnover.Implementing a systematic waste minimisation programme can result in significant costsavings from reduced raw material and waste disposal costs - typically 1% of turnover or£1 000 per employee. Other benefits can include competitive advantage in themarketplace, better public image and improved staff morale.
However, these benefits can only be achieved if everyone is aware of what waste minimisationis all about and how it will help the company to be more profitable. This Good Practice Guide isintended to help people such as human resource managers, safety/health/environmentalmanagers and team leaders who can influence others in the company to take action to minimisewaste.
The Guide contains practical advice to help you understand waste minimisation and toencourage your staff to identify and develop opportunities for reducing waste. Its self-helpapproach is based on five main areas:
■ Why reduce waste?
■ Getting started by motivating staff and providing training.
■ Your waste minimisation programme.
■ Fitting in with your management systems.
■ Support from Envirowise.
The Guide contains suggestions for group exercises, tips to help you with your wasteminimisation plan and details of support materials from Envirowise. These support materialsinclude worksheets and a slide presentation to help you introduce waste minimisation in yourcompany. Electronic versions of these worksheets and the slide presentation are provided on aCD-ROM in the pocket at the back of the Guide. The pocket book summary in the front pocketof the Guide acts as a quick reference tool about waste minimisation.
Contents
Section Page
1 What’s in this Guide? 11.1 What’s the purpose of this Guide 11.2 Who is this Guide aimed at? 11.3 How do I use this Guide? 1
2 Why reduce waste? 32.1 What is waste? 32.2 What is waste minimisation? 32.3 How will reducing waste help my business? 3
3 Getting started 63.1 Motivating staff 63.2 Induction training for new staff 11
4 Your waste minimisation programme 134.1 The waste hierarchy 144.2 Continual improvement 144.3 Gathering information 164.4 Developing an action plan 174.5 Waste minimisation tips for your site 174.6 Waste minimisation tips for offices 19
5 Fitting in with your management systems 215.1 Incorporating waste minimisation into an EMS 21
6 Practical help from Envirowise 236.1 What is Envirowise? 236.2 What support can I get from Envirowise? 23
Appendix Support materials 24
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What’s in this Guide?
1.1 What’s the purpose of this Guide
This Good Practice Guide will help you as a manager make a difference to your company. It isdesigned to help you develop ‘waste minimisation’ awareness among your staff and thus helpyour company to save money.
The Guide contains practical advice to help you to understand waste minimisation and toencourage your staff to identify and develop opportunities for reducing waste. Systematic actioncould save at least £1 000/year for every employee. With the right measures, waste costs caneasily be reduced to only 1% of turnover - often with little or no investment. These savings gostraight to the bottom line. But it’s not all down to you - the key to success is to involve everyoneand start with easy projects with quick savings to arouse interest.
A firm commitment to environmental improvement by a company can also help with staffmorale, and the recruitment and retention of staff. It may boost supply chain relationships andhelp to win contracts where environmental awareness is important to the client.
1.2 Who is this Guide aimed at?
The Guide is aimed at managers who can influence others in their organisation such as thosewith responsibility for human resources (HR) or safety, health and the environment (SHE).
1.3 How do I use this Guide?
You can use this Guide to support your existing induction and training programmes in educatingand motivating employees about waste minimisation. Some people may already be aware of thecost savings and environmental benefits of reducing waste - others may not.
The self-help approach consists of five main areas:
■ Why reduce waste? A short explanation of what is meant by ‘waste minimisation’ and thereasons why your company should take action to reduce waste.
■ Getting started. Advice on identifying what waste exists within your company, motivatingexisting staff and educating new staff about waste minimisation.
■ Your waste minimisation programme. How to develop a cheap and effective wasteminimisation action plan, including ideas for reducing waste around the site and in offices.
■ Fitting in with other systems. The value of incorporating waste minimisation into yourexisting management systems, the benefits of implementing an environmental managementsystem (EMS) and addressing training needs.
The ten companies involved in the Leicestershire Waste Minimisation Initiativeoriginally guessed that their joint waste costs totalled £500 000/year. Following asurvey, this figure was revised to over £13 million/year - equivalent to 4.5% of theirjoint turnover.
Waste costs more money than you think
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■ Support from Envirowise. Details of the free help, advice and publications available to yourcompany through the Environment and Energy Helpline.
Supporting information in the Guide takes the form of:
■ A pocket book (in the front pocket) that summarises the information in the Guide andwhich can be used as a quick reference tool about waste minimisation.
■ Tips, worksheets and presentation slides to help you introduce waste minimisation inyour company.
■ A CD-ROM (in the back pocket) containing electronic versions of the worksheets andpresentation slides, together with PDF files of five key Envirowise publications.
To get the most from this Guide, look out for the shaded boxes that indicate:
Activities - group exercises that can be performed in conjunctionwith the worksheets supplied with the Guide.
Tips - to help you with your waste minimisation action plan.
Support materials from Envirowise - in the appendix and on theCD-ROM in the pocket at the back of the Guide.
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Why reduce waste?
2.1 What is waste?
There are literally hundreds of words for different types of waste. Don’t think that your companydoesn’t produce waste simply because it has another name. Whatever you call it, waste is waste.
Waste is not simply material that is excess to requirements - it represents the loss of valuablecompany assets.
Companies often think that their only waste is the contents of the skip outside, but this is farfrom the case. Waste takes many forms, including:
■ refuse (also known as solid waste, trade waste, etc);
■ waste packaging;
■ water;
■ effluent;
■ waste oils, solvents, liquid residues in drums, etc;
■ smoke and fumes;
■ heat/energy losses;
■ rejects and rework;
■ wasted effort.
2.2 What is waste minimisation?
Waste minimisation is a management technique that can be defined as:
“The application of a systematic approach to reducing the generation of waste at source.”
Waste is produced from all parts of an organisation. Waste minimisation is about optimising allareas of the business to be more resource efficient and thus prevent, or at least minimise, theproduction of waste.
2.3 How will reducing waste help my business?
There are opportunities to reap the benefits of waste minimisation in any business, whether largeor small.
All companies produce waste - even efficient ones.
A list of euphemisms for waste is given in Finding Hidden Profit: 200 Tips for ReducingWaste (EN30) - see the PDF file on the CD-ROM in the pocket at the back of the Guide.
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Benefits to the company include:
■ cost savings from reduced raw material and waste disposal costs - typically 1% of businessturnover or £1 000 per employee can be saved;
■ improved process performance;
■ improved environmental performance;
■ compliance with legislation and reduced risk of environmental incidents;
■ commercial and strategic advantages - it can make your company more competitive andimprove its standing with customers who seek assurance that their suppliers are operating ona sound environmental basis.
Specific benefits to employees include:
■ improved working conditions;
■ cost savings (typically £1 000 per employee), giving money that can be spent on other thingssuch as training;
■ motivation;
■ team working;
■ ‘feel good factor’ within the company;
■ improved recruitment and retention of staff.
Some of these benefits are discussed in more detail below.
2.3.1 Cost savings
Many companies believe the cost of waste is just the disposal costs. However, the true cost ofwaste is much higher - up to 25 times the cost of disposal and potentially up to 4.5% of acompany’s annual turnover.
Waste disposal costs are just the tip of the iceberg; as shown in Fig 1, the hidden costs includethe cost of raw materials, energy, labour, etc. To assess the true cost of waste and achievesavings, the hidden costs need to be identified and quantified.
Fig 1 The true cost of waste
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2.3.2 Improved process performance
Eliminating and reducing waste will improve the performance of your processes by making themmore efficient as well as reducing costs.
2.3.3 Compliance with legislation
Environmental legislation affects every business in the UK - particularly with regard to waste.Identifying where waste arises within your business and reducing waste will help to ensure thatyour company complies with the rules governing waste handling, storage and disposal.
2.3.4 Motivation and team working
A successful waste minimisation programme depends on staff involvement and team working.Getting staff involved allows them to take ownership of the improvements and increases theirmotivation to find opportunities to reduce waste. Team working is essential for brainstormingand suggestion schemes.
2.3.5 Improved recruitment and retention of staff
People who feel part of the company and are asked to be involved with programmes andprojects are more likely to feel valued by their employer. Company culture is an important partof staff retention. Training is also a key tool; well-informed staff are more likely to contribute tocompany projects.
Work through the calculation below to see how your company can save money byminimising waste.
What was your company’s turnover last year? £ .................................
Divide this figure by 100 = £ .................................
This is the financial saving your business can probably achieve with a wasteminimisation programme. The money will go straight to the bottom line of yourprofit and loss account.
How much can you save?
Contact the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 and ask for your free copy of WasteWise: increased profits at your fingertips (IT313) - an interactiveCD-ROM that will help you get started on waste minimisation.
Helpline staff can also offer free advice and help on getting started. They can giveyou details of other useful Envirowise publications and tools, tell you about freevisits from independent Envirowise consultants, and signpost you to other sources ofinformation and support.
Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794Envirowise website www.envirowise.gov.uk
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Getting started
Once you have decided that your company could benefit from implementing a wasteminimisation programme, one of the best ways of getting started is to motivate staff toget involved and to persuade everyone to do their bit. As an HR manager, SHE manageror team leader you are in a good position to spread the message.
3.1 Motivating staff
The key to the success of any scheme is obtaining commitment from staff and top management.A successful waste minimisation programme changes people’s attitudes to waste - causing a shiftin the corporate culture.
3.1.1 Overcoming barriers
What are the most common arguments put forward by people for not implementing a wasteminimisation programme? How many of the arguments in Table 1 apply in your company?
3.1.2 Developing a waste minimisation team
Involving employees from the start encourages ownership and increases the likelihood of theproject’s success.
Consider setting up a team to co-ordinate action within the company. A team can plan, discussand carry out initiatives that will help to gain support from other staff. A team can also addvaluable momentum to the process. Encourage the team to carry out the activities described inthe Guide and to make use of the support materials.
Argument Solutions
I’m too busy. So, let’s get some help.
I don’t have the skills. So, let’s train/support you.
We tried that - it didn’t work. When, how and why not?
Our process is different. Is this really true? Are minor or majorchanges required?
It’s not financially viable. Have you included all the benefits?Could things have changed?
I can’t get management support. Have you really tried to make a business case?
Table 1 Common arguments for NOT minimising waste
You’ll only be successful if you motivate staff and gain commitment from everyone.
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Think about nominating a ‘champion’ or leader for the site or each department to co-ordinatethe initiative, disseminate information and provide feedback to management on progress andsuggestions for improvement. Make sure that you appoint someone who is not only enthusiasticand has the ability to motivate staff, but also has the support of senior management.
The role of the project champion can include:
■ publicising the project within the company;
■ developing action programmes;
■ identifying potential team members;
■ discussing resources and timescales with senior management.
Remember - champions do not have to do everything single-handed. They should be able toinvolve others from across the company to make things happen.
3.1.3 Get other senior managers involved
To ensure sufficient resources and time are allocated to waste minimisation, it is essential to obtaincommitment from all the senior management team. To get senior managers involved, emphasise thebenefits of waste minimisation - cost savings, improved efficiency, enhanced company image, etc.
Ways to gain their involvement and commitment might include:
■ Conducting a ‘scope to save’ survey and discussing with senior managers the potential forcost savings.
■ Explaining the opportunities for savings you have identified.
Orangebox Ltd (formerly Giroflex) specialises in office chair design and manufacture.The company, which employs 147 people, already recycles much of its waste but a teamof production and development operatives, led by the Health, Safety and EnvironmentCo-ordinator, has enabled the company to identify even more improvements byminimising waste production at source. Low-cost process changes have enabledOrangebox to save over £67 000/year (further savings of over £50 000/year have beenidentified). The changes have reduced material and energy use, increased productioncapacity and reduced the amount of factory space needed for the production line.
For more information, see Team saves waste and money at leading office seatingcompany (CS307) - available free from the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800585794 or via the Envirowise website (www.envirowise.gov.uk).
Team approach helps company become more efficient
Syndicate exercise: What do you interpret as the champion’s tasks? Discuss as agroup and make a list of key tasks.
The role of the project champion
Saving money through waste minimisation: teams and champions (GG27) - availablefree from the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 or via theEnvirowise website (www.envirowise.gov.uk).
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■ Giving examples of what similar companies have done and the benefits they have achieved.
■ Taking photos of waste around the site and showing people the problem areas. Point out theconsequences of doing nothing, eg environmental damage, clean-up costs, prosecution andbad publicity.
3.1.4 Team structure
The number of teams will depend on individual company circumstances such as size, number ofprocesses, number of waste streams, the scale of the data collection exercise, the particularphase of the waste minimisation programme, etc.
Teams can be assigned to particular areas of the company, eg:
■ each production area or building;
■ each material or utility type;
■ particular waste streams or issues.
The team structure should not remain static. Typically, companies use small teams of 4 - 8 peopleto instigate data collection and review ideas. These teams tend to grow as opportunities areidentified. They may then split into a number of project or implementation teams.
You may wish to develop a cross-functional team. For larger companies, this may involve peoplefrom accounts, purchasing, production, maintenance and marketing functions. The project teamshould ideally be representative of staff from all levels in the company (ie from management toshop floor).
Syndicate exercise: As a group, discuss the best ways of getting senior managersinvolved in your waste minimisation programme. Draw up a list of top tips fortargeting senior management.
Getting senior managers involved
Waste minimisation pays: five business reasons for reducing waste (GG125) includesa slide presentation that you can use to convince senior managers and others of thebenefits of waste minimisation. GG125 is available as a PDF file on the CD-ROM inthe pocket at the back of the Guide.
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3.1.5 The ‘win-win’ situation
It is important to continue educating/training your staff (using materials and ideas from thisGuide) to make them feel comfortable with the tasks required. The team will then feelempowered and motivated. This will be further accentuated if you develop cross-functionalteams who are representative of all levels of the organisational hierarchy. Your company willbenefit from reduced costs in terms of lower staff turnover and waste disposal.
A ‘win-win’ situation follows the model below:
■ ensure commitment;
■ assign responsibilities;
■ review your current performance;
■ set priorities;
■ take action;
■ communicate;
■ monitor success.
The Quality Assurance Technician and Finishing Manager at Cavalier Carpets Ltdwere appointed as waste minimisation ‘champions’. The two recruited a ten-strongteam of volunteers, who included:
■ supervisors;
■ the yarn store foreman;
■ production staff, eg machine operators;
■ a fork-lift truck driver;
■ the senior cleaner;
■ senior staff (as time allowed).
The team initially held monthly meetings to brainstorm ideas for reducing waste andsaving money. The team’s efforts led to annual savings of over £46 000 and areduction in the amount of waste sent to landfill of almost 50%. The team isinvestigating a number of further measures, which are expected to lead to savingsof over £56 000/year.
For more information, see Low-cost measures pile on the savings for carpetmanufacturer (GC248) - available free from the Environment and Energy Helpline on0800 585794 or via the Envirowise website (www.envirowise.gov.uk).
Cross-functional team achieves significant success
What is the ideal make-up of your company’s waste minimisation team? Draw up ahierarchy to illustrate your cross-sectional team. Remember to highlight who will beyour champion.
Your company’s team
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3.1.6 Staff suggestion scheme
Set up a staff suggestion scheme to motivate staff and get them involved in waste minimisation.Staff play an important part in any organisation and are well placed to make suggestions forimprovements in their area. A staff suggestion scheme can bring out ideas that managementwould not have thought of.
Tips for running a successful suggestion scheme■ Publicise the scheme widely within the company and have a central collection point for
suggestions.
■ Respond to all staff suggestions either publicly or in writing, even if the suggestion cannotbe implemented.
■ Consider all ideas, even if they need further investigation.
■ Give an award, prize or monetary incentive for the best suggestions.
■ At the end of the project, give feedback and recognition to:
- the volume of suggestions received;
- the winners who have been rewarded;
- the changes enacted as a result.
3.1.7 Other ideas for motivating staff
■ Set achievable targets, publicise them and monitor them. Applaud staff when the targets areachieved. Revise the targets.
■ Develop incentive programmes to encourage staff to design and use waste minimisationideas.
■ Incorporate waste reduction into job performance evaluations.
■ Be aware of social pressures in the organisation. Target the first action at groups that areinnovative and positive about change.
■ Join a local or sector waste minimisation club. Such clubs can be a good source ofinformation and ideas on how to minimise waste.
■ Check if your customer base is sensitive to environmental issues. If it is, ensure your corporatemessage is consistent and easy to understand. (Consider providing your company reports onnon-coated, recycled paper.)
■ To ensure a successful outcome, communicate up and down the management structure tomaintain momentum and commitment.
■ Link in with the business plan so that capital costs can be planned for.
■ Report regularly to colleagues, senior managers and staff - seeing progress is encouraging initself! Use relevant key performance indicators, eg litres of water or solvent used per tonneof product.
■ Use a notice-board, the staff newsletter and company intranet to show progress in the formof graphs and an achievement ‘thermometer’ or ‘ladder’ (like the target boards used forfundraising).
■ One company’s waste may be another company’s raw material. Ask staff if they know of anyrelevant waste exchange schemes.
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3.2 Induction training for new staff
Induction training needs to be dynamic, focused and easily remembered! New staff are normallybombarded by new systems and other forms of training, so it may be best to introduce yourenvironmental and waste minimisation programmes by detailing incentive schemes, activitiesand potential areas of responsibility for new staff.
The induction training programme provided on the CD-ROM in the back of this Guide is a basictool that can be tailored to suit your company’s needs. The training covers basic environmentalissues and key waste minimisation concepts. Other suggested topics that you could include are:
■ key legislation;
■ details of the company’s environmental policy;
■ environmental data;
■ existing waste minimisation initiatives;
■ information about the company’s impact on the environment;
■ details of the company’s EMS (if applicable).
You may want to give all new members of staff a copy of the summary booklet (EN367) providedin the front cover of this Guide. For more free copies, contact the Environment and EnergyHelpline on 0800 585794.
Syndicate exercise: Review the list of ideas above to get staff involved in wasteminimisation programmes. As a group, decide which ones (up to three ideas) youwould ideally focus on first. Feel free to add any ideas of your own.
Draw up a ‘marketing plan’ illustrating how you would launch these ideas formotivating staff. Do you need to design posters, leaflets and notice-board signs? Doyou want to brand your ideas (eg a mascot that always appears on wasteminimisation materials)?
Could you get senior management commitment and therefore a budget to designand produce merchandise promoting waste minimisation (eg Frisbees, key rings,stress balls, etc)?
You may want to work in small groups and present your ideas to the rest of thegroup. Have some fun developing ideas!
NB You will need some presentation materials for this exercise - coloured paper,pens, glue, scissors, flip-charts, etc.
Getting staff really involved!
Envirowise has published many Case Studies describing how different companieshave benefited from reducing waste. Contact the Environment and Energy Helplineon 0800 585794 or via the website (www.envirowise.gov.uk) to find one that reflectsyour situation and use it as an example.
Many of the ideas and activities in this Guide can be used in induction trainingprogrammes.
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There is an induction training presentation on the accompanying CD-ROM -customise this Microsoft® PowerPoint® file to produce a staff induction trainingprogramme specifically for your organisation.
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Your waste minimisationprogramme
Once everyone is committed and motivated to reduce waste, you need to plan how bestto do this as cost-effectively as possible. This section outlines what you need to do, andgives activities and tips to help you identify and reduce waste in your company.
Rules for success:
■ follow the waste hierarchy (see section 4.1);
■ adopt a systematic approach to data collection, implementing ideas, etc;
■ seek ideas and suggestions from everyone;
■ strive for continual improvement (see section 4.2);
■ use the free tools provided with this Guide or available free from Envirowise to help youimplement and maintain your waste minimisation programme (see section 6 and theappendix);
■ start with no-cost and low-cost measures that bring quick savings - there are plenty of ideasin the checklists and tips given in this Guide;
■ broadcast success and maintain staff education/training;
■ integrate waste minimisation into existing management systems (see section 5).
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4.1 The waste hierarchy
The principles underlying good waste minimisation practice are based on the waste hierarchy(see Fig 2). This is the order of preference for reducing waste and is based on the fact thatprevention is better than cure.
Focusing on the top levels of the waste hierarchy will enable companies to achieve optimumbenefits. It is through careful purchase and better use of resources that companies will make themost dramatic savings in the cost of waste. Recycling should be considered once ways toeliminate, reduce and re-use waste have been investigated. Disposal should only be the last resort.
4.2 Continual improvement
Developing a structured and managed approach to waste minimisation will identifyopportunities to save money, raise the profile of the issue within your company and set actionsfor continual improvement.
5
Material
Dispose
4Recycle
3Re-use
2Reduce
1Eliminate
Product
Avoid producingwaste in the
first place Minimisethe amount
of waste youdo produce
Use items asmany times as
possible Recycle whatyou can only
after youhave re-used it
Dispose ofwhat’s left in a responsible way
Start here
WASTEONLY
Fig 2 The waste hierarchy
Adopt a systematic approach and strive for continual improvement.
Follow the waste hierarchy.
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Fig 3 shows the waste minimisation continal improvement approach.
4.2.1 Assess
■ Gain commitment from senior management, as any change will require top-level support.
■ Review current performance.
■ Carry out a survey to identify opportunities to reduce waste and the scope for savings. Thiswill involve the collection and analysis of existing and new data. It will also provide a base-line against which to measure progress.
■ Assess the scope and economic feasibility of possible options for improvement.
4.2.2 Plan
■ Assign responsibilities, ie set up teams, champions or steering groups.
■ Look at the survey results and start to set priorities and to think about identifying root causesof waste and solutions.
■ Put together a detailed plan outlining objectives, responsibilities and monitoring.
4.2.3 Implement
■ Take action by starting to implement improvement plans and data collection systems.
■ Use control systems to keep on track.
■ Use general approaches for source reduction, eg new processes, good operating procedures,technical changes and product changes.
4.2.4 Review
■ Publicise results and any success to all stakeholders, eg directors, employees, team membersand external organisations. This will motivate the team and others to carry on and look forfurther opportunities for continual improvement.
■ Review the systems in place and make any changes to continue the improvement loop.
Assess
Plan
Implement
Review
Fig 3 Continual improvement approach
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4.3 Gathering information
Now that you understand what waste minimisation means and how it can benefit your company,how do you go about introducing a waste minimisation programme? The first thing to do is tofind out where waste is being produced by asking the waste minimisation team to carry out awaste survey or initial review. This may take some time to complete, but it will be worthwhile!By starting to identify where waste is occurring, it will be easier to find out why and thereforehow you can prevent or reduce it.
Photocopy Worksheet 1 from the appendix or print out a copy from the CD-ROM inthe pocket at the back of the Guide.
Look down the list and tick off those wastes that you think occur within yourbusiness. Add any wastes your business generates that are not listed.
Syndicate exercise: As a group, discuss where most waste seems to be generated andwhich are the commonest types of waste. Why do you think these wastes occur inyour company?
Looking for waste
Use the free tools produced by Envirowise to help you look for waste. Ask theEnvironment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 about publications and toolsprepared specifically for your sector.
John Heathcoat & Company Ltd, one of the UK’s oldest textiles companies, has apolicy of continual environmental improvement. A team led by the ManagingDirector co-ordinates a comprehensive waste minimisation programme aimed atreducing the amount of waste sent to landfill. This programme is based on:
■ staff training and awareness;
■ communicating targets and performance, eg graphs are displayed for each loom;
■ measures to minimise waste generation and encourage re-use;
■ segregation of waste at source, eg coloured bins in production areas and bins forcans, bottles and paper in rest areas;
■ organised waste collection and storage;
■ sending certain wastes to specialist contractors for re-use or recycling.
Large savings been achieved by a mixture of no-cost projects (eg reducing waste onroll ends) and those involving capital expenditure (eg development of an on-siterecycling centre).
For more information, see Business benefits of continual environmentalimprovement (GC232) - available free from the Environment and Energy Helpline on0800 585794 or via the Envirowise website (www.envirowise.gov.uk).
Continual improvement brings business benefits at textile company
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4.4 Developing an action plan
Once the team has identified the wastes generated by your company, you can begin to thinkabout ways of preventing, reducing, re-using and recycling the different types of waste.
■ Start with the major sources of wasted raw materials, water, packaging and energy, anddecide your priorities. These may be:
- the largest amounts of waste;
- the most expensive wastes (ie those with the highest value or associated costs);
- hazardous wastes.
■ Concentrate on opportunities where the largest cost savings can be made and areas wherethere are practical ideas for making changes. Pay particular attention to opportunities withimmediate savings and those that are no-cost and low-cost.
■ Seek suggestions and ideas from operators, supervisors and managers.
■ Evaluate possible options for improvement in terms of practicality and cost-effectiveness.
4.5 Waste minimisation tips for your site
Photocopy Worksheet 2 from the appendix or print out a copy from the CD-ROM inthe pocket at the back of the Guide.
Use the worksheet and the ideas in this section as suggestions to identify where youcan implement waste minimisation opportunities.
Developing your own action plan
Worksheet 1: Opportunity checklist - see the appendix and the CD-ROM in thepocket at the back of the Guide.
Waste mapping: your route to more profit (ET219) provides a simple technique toidentify where waste arises within your process - see the PDF file on the CD-ROM.
Worksheet 2: Developing an action plan - see the appendix and the CD-ROM in thepocket at the back of the Guide.
WasteWise: increased profits at your fingertips (IT313) - an interactive CD-ROM thatbrings together all the information companies need to minimise waste and savemoney. It includes tools to help identify waste minimisation opportunities andmeasure potential savings.
Use the useful no-cost and low-cost tips on the following pages to identify wasteminimisation opportunities at your site.
Ask the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 about publications andtools prepared specifically for your sector.
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Good practice and low-cost ideas for eliminating, reducing and recovering waste are givenbelow.
4.5.1 Production waste
■ Look with a ‘fresh pair of eyes’ at existing activities and ask why as much as possible.
■ Look at how raw materials are used, stored, handled and moved and question ‘accepted’levels of waste.
■ Look at how processes operate and why waste is generated.
■ Consider how much of what goes into a process or activity finds its way into a product thathas value to customers.
■ Quantify and reduce the amount of ancillary materials such as solvents, water, additives, etcthat are used but are not present in the final product.
■ Quantify and reduce the use of consumables such as personal protective equipment, filters,packaging, etc.
■ Eliminate unnecessary temporary storage, process steps and movements.
■ Assess the amount of packaging used. Consider whether all of it is really necessary. Chooseminimally packaged products where possible. Ask suppliers to take excess packaging awaywith them when making a delivery or to switch to re-usable packaging.
■ Segregate different wastes to enable re-use, recycling or, at least, a reduction in disposalcosts. Waste segregation should occur as near to source as possible to reduce the risk ofcontamination and enable maximum value to be obtained through recovery.
■ Change delivery quantities and/or sizes of containers used, eg from drums to intermediatebulk containers (IBCs), but remember that smaller delivery quantities/containers maysometimes be appropriate to reduce labour and potential damage during double handlingafter delivery.
■ Change cutting plans and/or nesting patterns to improve the utilisation of sheet materials.
■ Minimise the effort put into achieving the right quality through reworking.
4.5.2 Water and liquid wastes
■ Encourage good housekeeping and efficient use of water within all areas of the site.
■ Repair all dripping taps as soon as possible. Check for leaks in water systems regularly.
■ Fit flush controls to urinal systems in all gents’ toilets.
■ Consider fitting percussion taps to turn off water automatically in washrooms.
■ Consider fitting pistol grip controls to all hosepipes.
■ Avoid decanting liquid raw materials into containers where possible.
■ Check the integrity of storage tanks regularly.
■ Re-use dirty solvent for cleaning processes.
4.5.3 Smoke and fumes
■ Keep chemical/solvent tanks covered to minimise evaporation.
Resource efficiency: a management guide (EN320) - see the PDF file on the CD-ROM.
44
sect
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■ Ensure all containers of chemicals/solvents are enclosed to reduce fugitive emissions.
■ Avoid decanting chemicals/solvents where possible.
■ Set up a leak test and repair programme for all pipework.
■ Check automatic drain taps regularly.
■ Maintain and service all filters and air inlets regularly.
4.6 Waste minimisation tips for offices
The following pages give useful low-cost tips on how to eliminate, reduce, re-use and recoverwaste in general offices.
4.6.1 General waste
■ Reduce your use of costly overhead acetates by using computer-based presentation packages.
■ Set the default on photocopiers to duplex (double-sided copying). Surveys have shown thatthis can reduce paper use by 10% or more. Question whether you need to print orphotocopy draft copies at all.
■ Ask the photocopier supplier to provide short training courses for people using the copiers.This will reduce the number of mistakes and introduce them to the paper-saving features onmany machines.
■ Switch off the cover sheet option on networked printers and fax machines.
■ Avoid mistakes by checking spelling and layout before printing. Do a one-copy trial runbefore requesting large multiple print and photocopies.
■ Using lower weight paper can reduce paper use. Photocopier paper is normally 80 gsm, whilehigher quality letter and presentation paper is typically 90 - 120 gsm. Reducing the weightof all paper to 70 gsm can reduce the amount used by weight by up to 12.5%.
■ Reducing the default font sizes and margins for electronic templates and documents canincrease the amount of information per side without affecting readability.
■ Use e-mail or voicemail to reduce the flow of internal memos. When e-mail is received, checkif a record is needed and, if not, file it in an e-mail folder rather than print it out automatically.
■ Make someone responsible for returning unwanted mail and removing contact details frommailing databases. This is particularly useful if someone has left and is still receivingunwanted post.
■ Use refillable pens and markers.
■ Drinks machines. Make sure these allow for use of china mugs rather than plastic disposablevending cups.
■ Packaging. Encourage suppliers to provide goods in minimal amounts of packaging. Returnpackaging to suppliers if you can’t make use of it.
■ Create a central deposit for used, but usable, supplies. Document wallets, clear envelopesand cardboard boxes can often be used several times.
Read the following tips. Highlight those that you think might be useful andachievable for your company.
Start collecting useful ideas
44se
ctio
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20
■ Try to use durable, high-quality stationery supplies such as re-usable paper clips or treasurytags rather than single-use staples wherever possible.
■ Collect paper that has been used only on one side and use it for drafting, note-taking, etc.Many printers and photocopiers have multi-trays and thus allow a dedicated tray to be filledwith part-used paper.
■ Re-use envelopes where possible, especially for internal post.
■ To increase the effectiveness of paper recycling, the number and location of collection binsneeds careful consideration. The shorter the distance people have to walk, the greater thelikelihood that paper will be recycled. A waste paper tray at each desk is ideal; this can actas a scrap paper tray and be emptied into the main collection bin when full. Position binsnear photocopiers, but put up a notice reminding people to re-use single-sided copies ratherthan discard them.
■ Ensure that recycling bins are emptied by cleaning staff and porters as part of their contract.Seek support from their supervisors and arrange for the waste paper to be collected by arecycling specialist.
■ Use 100% recycled paper (with maximum post-consumer waste content) as standard.
■ Toner cartridges. A growing number of companies now recycle toner cartridges and sellremanufactured cartridges. Remanufactured goods are often accompanied with a guaranteeand many distributors claim that they provide a better print quality and produce up to 20%more prints than a normal cartridge.
■ Aluminium cans. Aluminium is a widely used and easy to collect material. Ensure thataluminium cans are segregated from other metal cans in the collection bin.
■ Packaging. Flatten or compact cardboard or other bulky packaging to make collections forrecycling easier and more efficient. Segregate cardboard to prevent contamination of high-grade recycled product.
■ Floppy disks. Collect used floppy disks and erase their contents. Re-label them and makethem available for re-use.
Green officiency: running a cost-effective, environmentally aware office (GG256) -see the PDF file on the CD-ROM.
55
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Fitting in with your managementsystems
It makes sense to incorporate waste minimisation into your existing managementsystems, as this will be more cost-effective and easier for everyone to understand. Thereare many links between systems for quality management, health and safetymanagement, and environmental management. Reinforce overlaps rather than re-inventthem: building on existing systems will result in greater savings for less effort and cost.
5.1 Incorporating waste minimisation into an EMS
5.1.1 What is an EMS?
An environmental management system (EMS) is a system of procedures and documentationdesigned to manage the environmental impacts of your company. The framework provided byan EMS will help your company identify opportunities to reduce waste and thus make savingsthrough reduced operating costs.
You can either develop your own, custom-made EMS or follow the guidelines of theinternational standard, ISO 14001, or the EC’s Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). TheEMS should be appropriate to your company and need not be long and complex. Although youare not obliged to obtain formal certification to a recognised standard, it may increase thecredibility of your EMS with customers and suppliers.
If your company already has an EMS, use its framework and procedures to ensure thatopportunities to reduce resource use and waste are identified and implemented. If your companydoes not have an EMS, consider the benefits outlined below. Since 2000, ISO 9000 has includedthe concept of continual improvement. This is already part of ISO 14001 and EMAS, so byimplementing an EMS you will get a head start when you come to upgrade your qualitymanagement system (QMS).
5.1.2 What are the benefits of an EMS?
An EMS focused on waste minimisation will produce cost savings from reduced waste, scrap,rework and utility consumption. Potential benefits include:
■ financial, eg reduced operating costs and reduced risk of fines for non-compliance withenvironmental legislation;
■ productivity, eg improved process control and reduced resource use;
Contact the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 for free advice andinformation on how to implement an EMS in your company.
There are Guides with practical tools to help implement an EMS in differentindustrial sectors. Contact the Helpline for advice on the publications appropriate toyour company.
55se
ctio
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22
■ sales and marketing, eg improved products and competitive advantage (preferred supplierstatus);
■ management, eg structured approach to environmental issues and continual improvement;
■ public relations, eg improved public image and improved relations with stakeholders;
■ personnel and training, eg improved working environment and increased environmentalawareness;
■ peace of mind, eg avoiding penalties for pollution.
5.1.3 How does waste minimisation fit into an EMS?
Waste minimisation is about being more efficient with resources. It involves identifying wherethere are opportunities to make improvements, developing and implementing action plans, andensuring continual improvement.
An EMS also has all these elements, but is particularly focused on continual improvement. Awaste minimisation programme will help to identify objectives and set targets for your EMS, egreduce waste going to landfill by 10% by the end of 2003.
5.1.4 How is training used in an EMS?
Training is an essential requirement for the success of an EMS. As well as raising awareness ofenvironmental issues, it should provide employees with specific technical skills.
A key task is to produce an assessment of training needs for different categories of staff. Thiswill enable you to ensure that all staff receive training in all the areas covered by the EMS -including waste minimisation. The matrix should include the relevant job functions and thedifferent types of technical knowledge required to operate your EMS.
As a minimum, all staff need basic environmental awareness training; some staff with specificresponsibilities will need more specialised training.
Photocopy the blank version of Worksheet 3 from the appendix or print out a copyfrom the CD-ROM in the pocket at the back of the Guide.
Use the completed example matrix given in the appendix to identify the issues andprocedures that your staff need to be trained in and the key roles that will requiretraining.
Fill out the blank matrix to ensure that training is targeted at the right people. Ifnecessary, customise the template to suit your company or site.
Developing a training needs assessment matrix
Worksheet 3: Training needs assessment matrix - see the Appendix and the CD-ROMin the pocket at the back of the Guide.
66
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Practical help from Envirowise
6.1 What is Envirowise?
Envirowise is a Government programme offering free, independent advice on practical ways tominimise waste and convert turnover into profit.
Every year, Envirowise helps thousands of businesses across the UK improve their profits. It hasproduced over 350 publications full of practical advice and has helped UK businesses to savemany millions of pounds.
6.2 What support can I get from Envirowise?
The Environment and Energy Helpline provides free, confidential and independent advice fromfully trained staff, who are supported by environmental and energy specialists. To contact theHelpline, phone 0800 585794 or send an e-mail ([email protected]).
Publications and further information can be downloaded from the Envirowise website atwww.envirowise.gov.uk or through the Environment and Energy Helpline.
The Environment and Energy Helpline also acts as the gateway for advice from anotherGovernment programme, Action Energy, on using energy efficiently. Alternatively, you can e-mail ([email protected]), or visit (www.actionenergy.org.uk).
Envirowise offers the following free services:
■ Advice - up to two hours of free advice from Envirowise experts over the telephone.
■ Publications - a range of free publications (including Case Studies and Good PracticeGuides) that provide up-to-date information on waste minimisation issues, methods andsuccesses.
■ FastTrack visits - free and confidential on-site waste reviews carried out by independentEnvirowise consultants to help businesses identify and realise savings. Aimed primarily atcompanies employing fewer than 250 people.
■ Counselling visits - a free visit from an Envirowise consultant to discuss a specificenvironmental problem.
■ Waste minimisation clubs - a chance for local or regional companies to meet regularly andshare best practice in waste minimisation.
■ Events - best practice seminars and practical workshops offer an ideal way to find out aboutwaste minimisation issues, and to learn about ways of reducing waste.
■ Tools - a range of slide presentations and spreadsheets to help you implement wasteminimisation successfully.
app
end
ix
24
Support materials
Please photocopy the following worksheets as necessary for use in your company:
■ Worksheet 1: Opportunity checklist.
■ Worksheet 2: Developing an action plan.
■ Worksheet 3: Training needs assessment matrix (completed example and blank template).
The worksheets are also provided electronically on the CD-ROM as Microsoft® Word files for youto customise and print out as you wish.
The contents of the CD-ROM in the pocket at the back of the Guide are listed in Table A1. If youhave problems with either the CD-ROM or its contents, please contact the Environment andEnergy Helpline on 0800 585794.
Item File name
Tools:
Worksheet 1: Opportunity checklist GG367 worksheet 1.doc
Worksheet 2: Developing an action plan GG367 worksheet 2.doc
Worksheet 3: Training needs assessment GG367 worksheet 3 completed.docmatrix (completed example)
Worksheet 3: Training needs assessment GG367 worksheet 3 blank.docmatrix (blank)
Presentation: staff induction training GG367 induction training.ppt
Envirowise publications:
Finding hidden profit - 200 tips for EN30.pdfreducing waste (EN30)
Waste minimisation pays: five business GG125.pdfreasons for reducing waste (GG125) GG125.ppt
Waste mapping: your route to more ET219.pdfprofit (ET219)
Green officiency: running a cost-effective, GG256.pdfenvironmentally aware office (GG256)
Resource efficiency - a management guide EN320.pdf(EN320)
Table A1 The contents of the CD-ROM
GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
Worksheet 1: Opportunity checklist
Department Area Possible waste
Incoming materials Loading docks, Packaging/containers ■■pipelines, receiving
Off-spec deliveries ■■areasDamaged containers ■■Spill residue ■■Cleaning rags, etc ■■Pallets (non-returnable) ■■Gloves, overalls, etc ■■
Storage Tanks, silos, Tank bottoms ■■(raw materials, parts, warehouse, drum
Off-spec materials ■■packaging, final storage, yards,Excess materials ■■products) storerooms
Damaged containers ■■Empty containers ■■Leaks from pumps/valves/pipes ■■Out-of-date materials ■■No-longer-used materials ■■Damaged products ■■
Production Melting, curing, Wash water ■■baking, distilling,
Solvents evaporating ■■washing, coating,Still bottoms in tanks ■■forming, machining
Off-spec product rejects ■■Catalysts ■■Empty containers ■■Sweepings ■■Ductwork clearout ■■Additives ■■Oil ■■Process solution dumps ■■Rinse water ■■Excess materials ■■Filters ■■Leaks from tanks/pipes/valves ■■Spill residue ■■Swarf/off-cuts ■■Sludge ■■Drag-out from baths ■■Packaging of dispatched goods ■■
GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
Department Area Possible waste
Support services Laboratories, Chemicals ■■maintenance shops,
Samples and containers ■■garages, officesSolvents ■■Cleaning agents ■■Degreasing sludges ■■Sand-blasting waste ■■Lubricating oils and greases ■■Scrap metal ■■Caustics ■■Filters ■■Acids ■■Batteries ■■Office paper, etc ■■
Energy Buildings, processes, High temperatures ■■boiler plant and plant
Lights left on ■■distribution systemHot water taps left running ■■Doors left open ■■Air leaks from compressor lines ■■Heat loss through roof/doors/ ■■windows
Money wasted through buying ■■electricity/gas at high tariffs
Discharge lamps beyond ■■economic life
Poorly controlled or inefficient ■■heating/hot water systems
Electric motors over five years old ■■Process heat not re-used ■■
Water Processes, toilets, Underground leaks ■■Urinals flushing continually ■■Taps left running ■■Wasteful washdowns ■■
Other Consumables Detergents ■■Overalls ■■Gloves ■■
Worksheet 1: Opportunity checklist (continued)
kitchens
GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
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GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
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GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
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GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
Wo
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✔✔
✔✔
✔✔
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ts/c
ells
✔✔
✔✔
✔✔
✔
Mai
nte
nan
ce f
itte
rs✔
✔✔
✔✔
✔✔
War
eho
use
✔✔
✔✔
✔✔
✔
Acc
ou
nts
/pu
rch
asin
g✔
✔✔
✔✔
✔
Mar
keti
ng
/sal
es✔
✔✔
✔✔
✔
Ad
min
istr
atio
n✔
✔✔
✔✔
Rec
epti
on
ist
✔✔
✔✔
✔✔
Secu
rity
✔✔
✔✔
✔
Business benefitsof environmentalimprovement
Environmentalawareness
Waste hierarchy
Reducing waste
Reducingwater use
Wastemanagementprocedures
EMS awareness
Systemmaintenance
System auditing
GG367 published by Envirowise Environment and Energy Helpline 0800 585794
Wo
rksh
ee
t 3
: Tr
ain
ing
ne
ed
s a
sse
ssm
en
t m
atr
ix (
bla
nk
)
Nam
ePo
siti
on
Man
agin
g d
irec
tor
Dir
ecto
rs
Pro
du
ctio
n m
anag
er
Envi
ron
men
tal m
anag
er
Shif
t h
and
s/ce
ll le
ader
s
Shif
ts/c
ells
Mai
nte
nan
ce f
itte
rs
War
eho
use
Acc
ou
nts
/pu
rch
asin
g
Mar
keti
ng
/sal
es
Ad
min
istr
atio
n
Rec
epti
on
ist
Secu
rity
Business benefitsof environmentalimprovement
Environmentalawareness
Waste hierarchy
Reducing waste
Reducingwater use
Wastemanagementprocedures
EMS awareness
Systemmaintenance
System auditing
For further informationplease contact the
Environmentand EnergyHelpline0800 585794
Envirowise - Practical Environmental Advice for Business - is a Government programmethat offers free, independent and practical advice to UK businesses to reduce waste atsource and increase profits. It is managed by AEA Technology Environment and NPLManagement Limited.
Envirowise offers a range of free services including:
Free advice from Envirowise experts through the Environment and EnergyHelpline.
A variety of publications that provide up-to-date information on wasteminimisation issues, methods and successes.
Free, on-site waste reviews from Envirowise consultants, called FastTrack visits,that help businesses identify and realise savings.
Guidance on Waste Minimisation Clubs across the UK that provide a chance forlocal companies to meet regularly and share best practices in waste minimisation.
Best practice seminars and practical workshops that offer an ideal way toexamine waste minimisation issues and discuss opportunities and methodologies.
© Crown copyright. First printed October 2002. Printed on paper containing a minimum of 75% post-consumer waste.This material may be freely reproduced in its original form except for sale or advertising purposes.
Harwell International Business Centre | Didcot | Oxfordshire | OX11 0QJE-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.envirowise.gov.uk
Practical Environmental Advice for Business