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Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here . www.culturalcognition.net. A Two-Channel Strategy ( Model! ) of Science Communication. What am I talking about? . . . Cultural cognition & the Science Communication Problem Two-Channel Communication Strategy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation.
Download paper here.
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www.culturalcognition.net
A Two-Channel Strategy (Model!) of Science Communication
Research Supported by: National Science Foundation, SES-0922714, - 0621840 & -0242106 Ruebhausen Fund, Yale Law School
Dan M. Kahan Yale University
& many many others!
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1. Cultural cognition & the Science Communication Problem
2. Two-Channel Communication Strategy
3. Engaging the public, satisfying its appetite to know
What am I talking about? . . .
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Hierarchy
Egalitarianism
Abortion procedure
Cultural Cognition of Risk
compulsory psychiatric treatment
Abortion procedure
compulsory psychiatric treatment
Risk Perception KeyLow RiskHigh Risk
Individualism Communitarianism
Environment: climate, nuclear
Guns/Gun Control
Guns/Gun Control
HPV Vaccination
HPV Vaccination
Gays military/gay parenting
Gays military/gay parenting
Environment: climate, nuclearhierarchical individualists hierarchical communitarians
egalitarian communitariansegalitarian individualists
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Source: Kahan, D.M., Jenkins-Smith, H. & Braman, D. Cultural Cognition of Scientific Consensus. J. Risk Res. 14, 147-74 (2011).
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Bene
ifts >
Risk
s
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
Source: Kahan , Braman, Slovic, Gastil & Cohen Cultural Cognition of Nanotechnology Risks and Benefits, Nature Nanotechnology, 4(2), 87-91 (2009)
* Change across conditions significant at p < 0.05
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
Perc
eive
Ben
efits
> R
isks
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
No Information Information-Exposed
Bene
ifts >
Risk
s
Experiment Condition Experiment ConditionNo Info. No Info.Info.-Exposed
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
85%77%
61% 61%
Info.-Exposed
86%*
23%*
63%Unfamiliar with Nano
Familiar with Nano
Figure 1
EgalitarianCommunitarian
HierarchicalIndividualist
Ben
efits
> R
isks
Source: Kahan , Braman, Slovic, Gastil & Cohen Cultural Cognition of Nanotechnology Risks and Benefits, Nature Nanotechnology, 4(2), 87-91 (2009)
* Change across conditions significant at p < 0.05
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Perc
eive
Ben
efits
> R
isks
![Page 10: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension, lower risk perception
![Page 12: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension, lower risk perception
![Page 13: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension, lower risk perception
![Page 14: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension, lower risk perception
![Page 15: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension, lower risk perception
![Page 16: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension,
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“How much risk do you believe climate change poses to human health, safety, or prosperity?”
U.S. general population survey, N = 1,500. Scale 0 (“no risk at all”) to 10 (“extreme risk”), M = 5.7, SD = 3.4. CIs reflect 0.95 level of confidence.
-1. 00
-0. 75
-0. 50
-0. 25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low hig h
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-
scor
e) Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science ComprehensionLow High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z-s
core
)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Sample Overall
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
low high
Greater
Lesser
Science Comprehension
Low High
perc
eive
d ris
k (z
-scor
e)
Egalitarian Communitarian
Hierarchical Individualist
Actual Response
-1 .00
-0 .75
-0 .50
-0 .25
0 .00
0 .25
0 .50
0 .75
1 .00
lo w hig h
Sample Overall
Higher science comprehension, greater polarization
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1. Cultural cognition & the Science Communication Problem
2. Two-Channel Communication Strategy
3. Engaging the public, satisfying its appetite to know
What am I talking about? . . .
![Page 19: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RiskPerception
channel 1: content
Two Channel Communication Strategy
Information channel 2: meaning
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4. Experimental response items
A. Evidence Skepticism Module
13. Convincing. We would like to know what you think of the Nature Science study, excerpts of which you just read. In your view, how convincing was the study on a scale of 0-10 with 0 meaning “completely unconvincing” to 10 meaning “completely convincing”?
Please indicate how strongly you disagree or agree with the following statements concerning the study. [Strongly disagree, moderately disagree, slightly disagree, slightly agree, moderately agree, strongly agree]
14. Biased. The scientists who did the study were biased. 15. Computers. Computer models like those relied on in the study are not a
reliable basis for predicting the impact of CO2 on the climate. 16. Moredata. More studies must be done before policymakers rely on the
findings of the Nature Science study.
study_dismiss scale (α = 0.85)
![Page 22: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hierarchy
Egalitarianism
Individualism
Climate change
Cultural Cognition Worldviews
Communitarianism
Climate change
Risk Perception KeyLow RiskHigh Risk
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-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
anti-pollution
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
![Page 24: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
anti-pollution
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
![Page 25: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Control Condition
![Page 26: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
anti-pollution
![Page 27: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Anti-pollution Condition
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Geoengineering Condition
![Page 29: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
4. Experimental response items
A. Evidence Skepticism Module
13. Convincing. We would like to know what you think of the Nature Science study, excerpts of which you just read. In your view, how convincing was the study on a scale of 0-10 with 0 meaning “completely unconvincing” to 10 meaning “completely convincing”?
Please indicate how strongly you disagree or agree with the following statements concerning the study. [Strongly disagree, moderately disagree, slightly disagree, slightly agree, moderately agree, strongly agree]
14. Biased. The scientists who did the study were biased. 15. Computers. Computer models like those relied on in the study are not a
reliable basis for predicting the impact of CO2 on the climate. 16. Moredata. More studies must be done before policymakers rely on the
findings of the Nature Science study.
study_dismiss scale (α = 0.85)
![Page 30: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
RiskPerception
channel 1: content
Two Channel Communication Strategy
Information channel 2: meaning
![Page 31: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Anti-pollution Condition
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-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
anti-pollution
![Page 33: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
anti-pollution
![Page 34: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Geoengineering Condition
![Page 35: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
RiskPerception
channel 1: content
Two Channel Communication Strategy
Information channel 2: meaning
![Page 36: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
anti-pollution
![Page 37: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
-1.20-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
control pollution geoengineering
HI
EC
z_St
udy
dism
iss 2
Dismiss
Credit
Study dismissiveness
Hierarch IndividEgal Commun
anti-pollution
![Page 38: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
control pollution geoengineering
more polarization
lesspolarization
Polarizationz_
Stud
y di
smiss
2
anti-pollution
![Page 39: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
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1. Cultural cognition & the Science Communication Problem
2. Two-Channel Communication Strategy
3. Engaging the public, satisfying its appetite to know
What am I talking about? . . .
![Page 41: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
RiskPerception
channel 1: content
Two Channel Communication Strategy
Information channel 2: meaning
![Page 42: Watch in slide show mode to observe (modest) animation. Download paper here](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568163c2550346895dd4e7f9/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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1. Cultural cognition & the Science Communication Problem
2. Two-Channel Communication Strategy
3. Engaging the public, satisfying its appetite to know
What am I talking about? . . .