water and mining

8/12/2019 Water and Mining

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PERUMIN 2013

The Future of Water in the MiningIndustry

AREQUIPA, PERU


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Global Water Situation


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We Live on a Salty Planet


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Global Water Withdrawal and Consumption


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Global Fresh Water Withdrawals

Agriculture2,800 km3/yr

70%

Municipal &Domestic400 km3/yr

10%

Industrial/Energy800 km3/yr

20%

, 0, 0%

Total global withdrawal approx 4,000 km3/yr in 2010

Mining

7-9 km3/yr0.2%


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Environmental Water Scarcity Index for 2030

NIC, 2012


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Effects of Climate Change


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Water Challenges, Causes and Risks(From CEO Water Mandate, 2012)


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Water For Mining


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Copper Production(World Copper Factbook, 2010)


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Mining Industry Differentiators

Water is essential for most mining

Mining and processing often at amassive scale, large waterrequirements

Operations are relatively short lived,water requirements are temporary

Remote global locations

Little or no infrastructure

Often must deal with stringentregulatory requirements

Environmental sensitivity

Social issues and conflicts


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Major Drivers for Water in Mining

Mines being developed in water poor

places - investment in pipelines, wells,and desalination plants.

Increased reliance on low grade ores -more water is required for each tonne ofrefined product.

Mining companies must treat wastewaterto higher standardsincreasedregulation, need to recycle andcommitment to sustainable water use.

Water is a major environmental concern -problems caused by acid rock drainage

and other impacts to water resources. Mining companies trying to reduce their

water footprint

PhysicalAvailability

SocialLicense to

Operate

LegalAvailability

Physical and legal water

availability does not

guarantee a sustainable

water supply solution!


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Integrated Water Management for Mines

Integrated

watermanagementfor mining

Mine waterneeds

Mine watersources

Permitting,environmental,

social, legal

constraints

Ecosystems

Other waterusers


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Integrated Water Management Key Areas

ADMINISTRATIVE

Meet regulatory standardsIntegrate water strategy intocorporate and business unit

strategies

Develop management structure

COMMUNITIES

Engage early with all stakeholders,including communities

Use water unsuitable for otherindustries, i.e., sea water

TECHNOLOGICAL/INNOVATION

Manage Water:Establish water balance

Measurement instrumentation

Manage database

Audit results

Preventive water use:

Redesign processMinimize water losses

Water-saving techniques

Protective management strategies/

measures and technical solutions:

Determine potential for AMD

Identify discharge pointsImprovement of infrastructure to contain runoff

Monitoring information management Tools are available to proactively

manage water


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Water Footprint, Carbon Footprint & LifecycleAssessment

WATERFOOTPRINT CARBONFOOTPRINT LIFE CYCLEASSESSMENT

Measures freshwaterappropriation

Measures emissionGH-gases

Measures overallenvironmental impact

Spatial and temporaldimension

No spatial / temporaldimension

No spatial dimension

Actual, locally specificvalues

Global average values

Actual water volume,no weighting

Weighting water volumebased on impacts

Reducing specific water

footprint (water useunits are not

interchangeable)

Many efforts focused

on offsetting (carbonemission units areinterchangeable)

Water footprint,Carbon footprintand Life Cycle

Assessment are

complementarytools


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Water Disclosure is Becoming a Reality


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Future of Water Governance

Future water governance changes will be seen in four mainareas: technology, energy, water pricing and other users rights to

water

TECHNOLOGY ENERGY

New technologies are developed to meetstringent regulations

Conservation and efficient use

VALUE OF WATER RIGHTS TO WATER

Water supply and demand Conflicts and priorities

Source: http://www.willmsshier.com/articles.asp?id=86


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Efficiency of Water Use for Mining

Corporate goals and commitment to efficient water use

Accurate water balance and measurements of water use

Process optimization to reduce waste water volumes

Improved tailings water managementthickened and dry stacktailings

Water re-use

Zero liquid discharge


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Storage and Transport of Water

Catch and store surface water runoffsurface reservoirs, aquiferstorage and recovery (ASR)

Interbasin transfers

Improved water infrastructure - pipelines, pumping systems, watertunnels


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Potential Groundwater Sources

Characterization of aquiferswater in storage and recharge

Use of groundwater with marginal quality - treatment

Permitting and environmental issues with potential groundwater sourcescan we use brackish water resources?

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) to optimize water storage

Injection for ASR


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Desalination Systems

Desalination plants

Intakes and outfalls Pumping and piping

systems

Power sources


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Tailings and Water - Industry Trends

High density tailings using:

Thickeners

Filtration

Centrifuge

Chemical additives

Improved water management:

Upstream cutoff for valley impoundments

Separation of seepage and decant flows

Reduced beaching length (dry climate)

Reduced wet footprint (wet climate)


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Mining Impacts on Water

Environmental Heavy metal

contamination andleaching

Acid Mine Drainage

Processing chemicalpollution

Erosion andsedimentation

Social Depletion of surface and

groundwater supplies

Soil and water pollution

Conflict with other water-

related or water-intensiveindustries (i.e., agriculture)

Water shortages andecosystem damage

Displacement of people/communities

Water has beencalled miningsmos t commoncasualtyJames Lyon, interview,Mineral Policy Center,Washington DC

A H li ti Vi f W t


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Mine

IntegratedWater

Management

Sewage, effluent process water,potable and process plant

Tailings

Geochemistry

Hydrology

A Holistic View of Water


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Mine Water in Peru and Chile
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=chile%20mine%20water&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=I5Sf0ZWX2SXx9M&tbnid=n1Yuy8tbZQoezM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://lo-de-alla.org/tag/chile/&ei=NSENUqLbM6SsyAGil4CoDw&bvm=bv.50768961,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFgliD-2EFUgL7Ff9M2QLEBC7mwvw&ust=1376678452223264


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Water Availability in Peru & Chile

Balance (millones m3/ao)

MacrozonasAyer

1996

Hoy

2010

Maana

2025I a II -40 -928 -1.602

III a IV .397 -873 -1.2990

V a RM -1.393 -1.988 -2.844

VI a VII 16.452 15.173 12.688

VIII a X 189.204 186.763 164.517

XI x XII 526.801 526.005 525.708

W t Ch ll i P


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Water Challenges in Peru

Increasing glacial retreat rates

Only 22% of sewage water fromcities receives some kind oftreatment prior to discharge.

78% is discharged & lost

50% of rain water is lost

W t Ch ll i Chil


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Water Challenges in Chile

Chiles Projected Water Demand for Miningin m3/s (20092020)Cochilco, 2009

Chiles Water Offer & Demand 2011 (DGA)

Th G B t W t A il bilit d


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The Gap Between Water Availability andDemand

A gap already exists in areas of Chile and Peru

It will get worse with time as demand increases and available water decreases

How are we going to overcome the problem for the mining industry?

ater eman

Water Availability

Growing Gap

Gap

Time in Years2000 2010

Wa

terVolume

1950

In Chile and Peru, desalination will

be an essential source of water asother sources are not alwaysavailable. We need to find ways toreduce costs and impacts of energyproduction


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Seawater Desalination Using RenewableEnergy


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Potential for Solar Power

Historical development of

global cumulative photovoltaic power installed per

region

MW

37P t ti l f Wi d P


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Potential for Wind Power

Cost Reduction of Wind Power Comparison of Energy Sources

38Seawater Desalination Using Renewable


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Seawater Desalination Using RenewableEnergies

Why use renewable energy for

desalination?Desalination is energy-intensive

Provide energy availability inremote areas

Why use solar energy?

Solar energy abundant in manyareas with critical watershortages

Solar powered desalinationplants are technically feasiblewhere other energy sources arenot available

39The Future of Water for Mining Issues and


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The Future of Water for Mining - Issues andSolutionsIssues

Water is essential for mining

Global water demand is increasing

Water shortages will be more common

Mining often conflicts with other users

Regulation will increase

Historic problems must be addressed

Many mines are not effective water users

Solutions

Consider water an asset to be managed

Deal with water as an integrated system

Proactively engage other water usersImplement technical innovations

Develop alternative water sources

Manage water footprint

PROCESS

TAILINGS

ENVIRONMENTAL

HYDRO-

TECHNICAL

GEOTECHNICAL

CIVIL

WATER

Holistic water management

takes a multidisciplinary

approach

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