Water cycle

Investigation of specific elements in water cycle

Juraj Vančo93. prístav vodných skautov a skautiek Tortuga Trenčín

Sep 2013

Agenda

• Cloud as a water cycle element– Question raise• Example• Result

• Forest in water cycle– Question raise– Experiment• How to…• Results

Cloud as a water cycle element

• Cloud consists of water, not vapor– aerosols particles accumulate molecules of water

to create droplets– small drops, up to 10 - 100 micrometers

• Movement of particles (air temperature effect) => getting more dense– water air capacity => absolute humidity => rain

Question

• How much water is in a cloud over a garden?– Stratocumulus / cumulonimbus

Example

• 10mm= 1cm of water– 10 kg = 10 liters / 1 m2

– 11 cans / 1 m2

• Garden: 10m x 10m = 100 m2

– 1000 kg = 1000 liters / garden– 5 barrels / garden

Example- computation

• Density of dry air: 0.9 - 1.2 kg/m3• Density of vapor < density of air• Dalton’s law:

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 100000

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

Water density [kg/m3] in atmosphere vs. altitude [m]providing 100% RH, @zero altitude: 25C, 101.325kPa

Example- result

Stratocumulus: 1500m – 2000m Cumulonimbus: 1000m – 12000m

>37 kg/m2>6 kg/m2>100 kg/m2 >150 kg/m2

Forest in water cycle

• Knowing more about water= Biele Karpaty educational trail– What does the information panel say?

• Forest soil retention capability vs. meadow soil retention capability: (Čabouň, Mindáš, LVÚ ZV)

68% : 46%=

1.5

Question

• Microclimate– tree and transpiration

• Forest is an umbrella?• How much water evaporates back??

Experiment

• Create your own precipitation meter

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Forest Meadow

Result

• Data measured during >2 mostly rainy weeks, working days

Forest returns

> 3x more water back

Result- conclusion

• Inspect preception meter once again and make new measurement

• If accepted: check for first order pass filter (probable)• For short frequent rains forest’s contribution factor to

prevent floods is more than 3 x 1,5

5

Experiment- next plans

• Differential pressure sensor for water level

Experiment- next plans

• MPXC2011DT1

Experiment- next plans

• Powered by ultra low power microcontroller

Q & A

• Thanks for watching