water cycle. what is the water cycle? this is how water circulates through our environment water...
TRANSCRIPT
Water CycleWater Cycle
What is the water cycle?What is the water cycle?
• This is how water circulates through our environment
• Water changes from water to gas over and over again to complete the water cycle.
EvaporationEvaporation
• Water evaporates into the atmosphere from the ocean, lakes, etc.
• Evaporation = liquid gas
CondensationCondensation• When water vapor particles join together
to form a liquid and condense into clouds or dew.
• Condensation = gas liquid
PrecipitationPrecipitation
• Rain or snow that falls to the Earth
InfiltrationInfiltration
• The seeping in of water into soil or rocks through the cracks in the ground.
• Eventually, this water goes back into the lakes and rivers.
RunoffRunoff• Water that flows downslope on Earth’s
surface and may enter a stream, river, or lake.
• The rate of runoff is influenced by the angle of the slope, vegetation, rate of precipitation and soil composition.
• Water that doesn’t go through infiltration, goes through runoff.
RunoffRunoff
TranspirationTranspiration• When plants absorb the water and then
release it back into the atmosphere through evaporation
• Evaporation off of a plant
Water CycleWater Cycle
The Structure of HydrosphereThe Structure of Hydrosphere
• Oceans—96.5% of water found here
• Fresh water—3.5% of water found here
• Fresh water distribution:– Ice: 1.762%
– Groundwater: 1.7%
– Surface Fresh Water: 0.014%
– Atmosphere and soil: 0.002%
Understanding Where Your Water Is Understanding Where Your Water Is Located—Oceans and IceLocated—Oceans and Ice
• What bodies of water hold the largest amount of water?– Oceans—the largest bodies of water on Earth
(contain salt water only)• Features housing water as ICE
– Icebergs: a large piece of freshwater ice floating in open waters. **approx. 85% of icebergs are under the surface of the water.
– Glaciers: any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land formed by snow falling and compressing layer upon layer.
– *permanent snow areas also “house” water as ice
Fresh Water Locations—Surface Fresh Water Locations—Surface WaterWater
• What is the difference between a watershed and a river basin?– Both terms describe land that drains into a
river, stream or lake• River Basin: the term used to describe an
area that drains into a large river• Watershed: the term used to describe an
area that drains into a smaller river or stream
Fresh Water Locations—River Fresh Water Locations—River Basins and WatershedsBasins and Watersheds
• Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds– Example: Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins
are made of many small watersheds
• The water in a watershed runs to the lowest point—a river, stream, lake, or ocean
Fresh Water Locations—Rivers, Fresh Water Locations—Rivers, Streams, and LakesStreams, and Lakes
• What is a river?– A large channel along which water is continually
flowing down a slope—made of many streams that come together
• What is a stream?– A small channel along which water is continually
flowing down a slope—made of small gullies• What is a lake?
– A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land
Fresh Water Locations--GroundwaterFresh Water Locations--Groundwater
• What is groundwater?– The water found in cracks and pores in sand,
gravel and rocks below the earth’s surface
• What is an aquifer?– A porous rock layer underground that is a
reservoir for water
What determines how far it What determines how far it goes?goes?
• Porosity: measure of a rock’s ability to hold a fluid.
• Permeability: a measure of the ease of flow of a fluid through a porous solid
AquifersAquifers
• porous rock layer which is capable of yielding useful supplies of water
• layers of sand or fractured rock in which the pore spaces or fractures are filled with water
Other Surface WatersOther Surface Waters
• What is a wetland?– An area where the water table is at, near or
above the land surface long enough during the year to support adapted plant growth
• What are the types of wetlands?– Swamps, bogs, and marshes
• Swamp: a wetland dominated by trees• Bogs: a wetland dominated by peat moss• Marshes: a wetland dominated by grasses