WATER DEMAND

WATER DEMANDWater supplied by our water treatment plant is obtained by all consumers in Pauh, Perlis for their purpose used. Our water treatment plant also channel the water to other sectors such as the industrial, domestic, commercial agriculture and so on.Water supplied by the manufacturer / processor water or department responsible for consumer use. Water should also be channelled to other sectors such as the industrial, domestic, commercial agriculture and so on. Rate this request in accordance with current requirements regardless of high or low production.Use or water demand per capita includes to consumers who use the water. Demand per capita means the average request for a year. Requirements associated with the use of these various factors. The factors are urban size, industrial activities, social status, water quality, climate, water pressure and types of supply.Municipal Water DemandMunicipal water use is directly related to the quantity of water withdrawn by populations in service area. Municipal water demand includes domestic or residential, commercial, agricultural, industrial, public services, recreational, environmental activities and non-accounted system losses and leakage. The majority of human uses require clean water. For the design of water treatment plant, it is necessary to estimate the amount of water that is needed by the population estimated of the service area.Residential water useIt is estimated that 70% of water will be used for household purposes in service areas. These include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Drinking water is water that is of sufficiently high quality so that it can be consumed or used without risk of immediate or long term harm. Such water is commonly called potable water. The water supplied to households, commerce and industry is all of drinking water standard even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation.

Commercial water useCommercial establishment include shop lot (single-storey), petrol station, wet market, light industry workshop, stall centre and others. The commercial water demand depends on the type and number of commercial establishment.Industrial water useIndustrial water demand may be estimated on the basis of proposal industrial zoning and of the types of industries most likely to develop within the city.Public water useWater used in public buildings includes mosque, daily school, boarding school kinder garden and as well as water used for public services including tire protection, street washing and park irrigation is considered public use.

Estimation Total Water Consuming Per DayEstimated population for the year 2050 is 25, 700. We here assume the water usage by a person is 500 L/person/day and etc. The daily water demand for the whole development is 16,298,150 L/day and is computed based on guideline provided by JBA Perlis:Housing and Public DevelopmentPeople/Unit of DevelopmentWater Demand per person (L/capita/day)Total Water Demand (L/day)

1.Terrace house500 unit51,5003,750,000

2.Semi-D300 unit102,0006,000,000

3.Bungalow200 unit102,0004,000,000

4.Apartment200 unit51,5001,500,000

5.Mosque1 unit5005025,000

6.Daily school1 unit20% per population50257,000

7.Boarding school1 unit5% per population250321,250

8.Kindergarten2 unit20% per population30308,400

Total16,161,650

Trade Development

Unit of developmentWater Demand per unit (L/day)Total Water Demand (L/day)

1.Shop lots (single-stories)52,00010,000

2.Petrol station250,000100,000

3.Wet market125,00025,000

4.Light industry workshop11,5001,500

Total16,298,150

Since, our water treatment plant only planned to design for domestic, public and trade development. Hence, we can conclude that the total water demand estimated at the year 2050 is 16,298,150 L/day.

WATER DEMAND FLUCTUATIONSAverage annual demand is not sufficient for design of water systems due to water demand fluctuations. Generally, monthly fluctuation is used for design of dam and storage tank. Flow of water required during maximum daily demand can be used to design water treatment plant, while flow required at peak hour demand can be used for design of water distribution system (pumping, service tank, water mains).

(a) Maximum daily demand = 180% of annual average demand 180% X 16,298,150 L/day 100%

= 29,336,670 L/day(b) Maximum weekly demand = 148% of annual average demand 148% X 16,298,150 L/day X (7days/week) 100%

= 168,848,834 L/week (c) Maximum monthly demand = 128% of annual average demand 128% X 16,298,150 L/day X (7days/week) X (4week/month) 100%

= 584,125,696 L/month (d) Maximum hourly demand = 150% of maximum daily demand 150% X 16,298,150 L/day X (1day/24hours) 100%

= 1,018,634.375 L/hour