water development department 1 experiences of the common implementation strategy from the...

WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENTWATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT11

Experiences of the Common Experiences of the Common Implementation Strategy From Implementation Strategy From

the Perspective of a new the Perspective of a new Member State – CyprusMember State – Cyprus

Christodoulos Artemis, Christodoulos Artemis, Director of the Water Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture,Director of the Water Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Natural

Resources and Environment, CyprusResources and Environment, Cyprus

HELLENIC WATER WEEKHELLENIC WATER WEEK

International Seminar on the Implementation of the Water International Seminar on the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in the European Union and BeyondFramework Directive in the European Union and Beyond

Athens 18-19 June 2003Athens 18-19 June 2003


Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

• Cyprus at a Glance.Cyprus at a Glance.

• Progress in implementation tasks to be Progress in implementation tasks to be achieved by December 2004.achieved by December 2004.

• Experiences of Cyprus.Experiences of Cyprus.

• Conclusions.Conclusions.


Cyprus at a GlanceCyprus at a GlanceLocation and Physical DescriptionLocation and Physical Description


Cyprus at a Glance Cyprus at a Glance (2)(2)Water BalanceWater Balance


Cyprus at a Glance Cyprus at a Glance (3)(3)PrecipitationPrecipitation

CYPRUS΄ ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AND AVERAGE 1901/1970-1971/2002(AREA UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL)

29

24

68

53

77

22

52

96

77

49

85

00

59

35

51

66

75

35

64

95

43

411

37

34

72

59

06

97

57

25

46

62

75

49

46

07

32

50

64

34

64

87

39

65

12

84

34

14

01

68

75

30

56

65

75

64

35

51

37

05

97

63

95

14

61

75

31

52

9 56

15

30 5

60

40

06

17

66

45

43

54

55

47

41

55

06

39

94

06

46

96

56

63

63

09

53

25

19

69

44

99

80

03

98

49

84

08

21

33

89

61

95

63

47

15

49

43

95

82

57

44

25 43

74

48

49

84

38

52

06

25

48

13

63

28

26

37

50

94

17

49

33

83 39

93

88

47

33

63

46

86

02

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1901

/02

1911

/12

1921

/22

1931

/32

1941

/42

1951

/52

1961

/62

1971

/72

1981

/82

1991

/92

2001

/02

HYDROLOGICAL YEAR 1901/02-2001/02}

PR

EC

IPIT

AT

ION

IN

mm

LEGEND: Annual Precipitation

Drought Year

Average 1901-70 541mm 1971-02 466mm


Cyprus at a Glance Cyprus at a Glance (4)(4)Water DemandWater Demand

Distribution of Water Demand from various Sectors - Year 2000

Industry1%

Environment5%

Tourism5%

Domestic excl. Tourism

20%

Agriculture69%


Cyprus at a Glance Cyprus at a Glance (5)(5)Water Demand Water Demand (2)(2)

Groundw ater100.4 MCM

Surface Water82 MCM

16 MCM

14.5 MCM3.5

Desalination33.5 MCM

3.5 MCM 7.5 MCM5 MCM

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Mill

ion

m3

/ yea

r

Agriculture Domestic Industry Environment

Water Demand by Sector and anticipated sources used for the year 2000

Groundwater Surface water Springs Desalination

AGRICULTURE182.4 MCM

DOMESTIC67.4 MCM

INDUSTRY3.5 MCM

ENVIRONMENT12.5 MCM


Cyprus at a GlanceCyprus at a Glance (6) (6)Water Sector OrganizationWater Sector Organization

Policy Level.Policy Level.• Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources

and Environment (MANR&E) main ministry and Environment (MANR&E) main ministry responsible for the formulation of the responsible for the formulation of the government´s water policy.government´s water policy.

• Other important ministries involved are:Other important ministries involved are:– the Ministry of the Interior,the Ministry of the Interior,– the Ministry of Finance and the.the Ministry of Finance and the.– the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and

Tourism.Tourism.• The ultimate responsible body is the Council The ultimate responsible body is the Council

of Ministers.of Ministers.


Cyprus at a GlanceCyprus at a Glance (7) (7)Water Sector Organization (2)Water Sector Organization (2)

Executive LevelExecutive Level• Responsibility mainly divided betweenResponsibility mainly divided between

– Ministry of the Interior and theMinistry of the Interior and the– MANR&EMANR&E

• The Ministry of the Interior, through the The Ministry of the Interior, through the District Officers, has legal powers for District Officers, has legal powers for distribution agencies and issue of ground distribution agencies and issue of ground water abstraction permitswater abstraction permits

• MANR&E, through the Water Development MANR&E, through the Water Development Department and the Environment Service, is Department and the Environment Service, is responsible for monitoring, management and responsible for monitoring, management and protection of water resourcesprotection of water resources


Cyprus at a GlanceCyprus at a Glance (8) (8)Water DevelopmentWater Development

• WaterWater master plan in the 1970’s, which master plan in the 1970’s, which envisagedenvisaged::

On the Supply SideOn the Supply Side– the construction of damsthe construction of dams - - dam dam

capacitycapacity increased from 6increased from 6 MCM MCM in 1960 in 1960 to 307,5to 307,5 MCM MCM today, today,

– drilling of boreholes, for domestic and drilling of boreholes, for domestic and irrigation purposesirrigation purposes,,

– construction of recharge worksconstruction of recharge works and and– construction of construction of water treatment plantswater treatment plants..


Cyprus at a Glance Cyprus at a Glance (9)(9)Water Development (2)Water Development (2)

On the Demand SideOn the Demand Side

• Water demand management measures such as:Water demand management measures such as:

– installation of improved on farm irrigation installation of improved on farm irrigation systemssystems,,

– construction of modern efficient conveyance construction of modern efficient conveyance and distribution systemsand distribution systems,,

– water charge imposed for domestic and water charge imposed for domestic and irrigation waterirrigation water and and

– Leakage detection systems and real time tele-Leakage detection systems and real time tele-monitoring and tele-control are monitoring and tele-control are now now usedused..



• Available water was still not enough to satisfy Available water was still not enough to satisfy the water demand for domestic and irrigation the water demand for domestic and irrigation needs creating a water shortage. needs creating a water shortage.

• Cyprus turned to non-conventional water Cyprus turned to non-conventional water resources:resources:

– Sea-water desalination to augment potable Sea-water desalination to augment potable water supply andwater supply and

– Recycling of treated municipal effluents for Recycling of treated municipal effluents for irrigation and ground water recharge.irrigation and ground water recharge.



• Our vision on water is to provide Our vision on water is to provide sustainably to all our peoplesustainably to all our people– sufficient, sufficient, –safe, safe, –clean, clean, –healthy and healthy and –reliable water for reliable water for

domestic and irrigation needs and for domestic and irrigation needs and for the environment. the environment.


Current Situation Regarding the Current Situation Regarding the Implementation of the WFD in CyprusImplementation of the WFD in Cyprus

• Various activities to support the implementation of Various activities to support the implementation of the WFD are under way:the WFD are under way:– An implementation programme has been An implementation programme has been

prepared.prepared.– Nomination of focal points for the working groups Nomination of focal points for the working groups

established under the CIS.established under the CIS.– Participation in the Water Directors meetings and Participation in the Water Directors meetings and

in the SCG.in the SCG.

• Specific attention has been given to the Specific attention has been given to the implementation of the 2003 - 2004 tasks, since their implementation of the 2003 - 2004 tasks, since their effective implementation is considered crucial for effective implementation is considered crucial for the whole implementation process.the whole implementation process.


Progress in Implementation Tasks to Progress in Implementation Tasks to Be Achieved by December 2003Be Achieved by December 2003

Legal TranspositionLegal Transposition• All provisions of the WFD relating to water All provisions of the WFD relating to water

resources management and pricing will be resources management and pricing will be transposed via the new unified Water Law.transposed via the new unified Water Law.

• All provisions relating to water pollution (quality All provisions relating to water pollution (quality objectives and licensing of discharges etc) will be objectives and licensing of discharges etc) will be transposed via the Water Pollution Control Law, transposed via the Water Pollution Control Law, which will be appropriately amended as required. which will be appropriately amended as required.


Progress in Implementation Tasks to Progress in Implementation Tasks to Be Achieved by December 2003 (2)Be Achieved by December 2003 (2)

Identification of River Basin DistrictsIdentification of River Basin Districts• The whole island is to be considered as one River The whole island is to be considered as one River

Basin District.Basin District.

Identification of Competent AuthoritiesIdentification of Competent Authorities• The competent authority will be the Minister of The competent authority will be the Minister of

Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, acting through the Ministry. acting through the Ministry.

• The two main “agencies” responsible for implementing The two main “agencies” responsible for implementing the provisions of the WFD will be the WDD (“the Water the provisions of the WFD will be the WDD (“the Water Entity” under the new unified Water Law) and the Entity” under the new unified Water Law) and the Environment Service. Environment Service.


Experiences of CyprusExperiences of Cyprus

• Lack of sufficient quantitative, qualitative Lack of sufficient quantitative, qualitative and other data. and other data.

• Lack of an appropriate national monitoring Lack of an appropriate national monitoring and database system.and database system.

• The great The great co-ordination effort required among co-ordination effort required among responsible authorities and stakeholders.responsible authorities and stakeholders.

• Lack of the essential expertise and relevant Lack of the essential expertise and relevant human resources.human resources.


Experiences of CyprusExperiences of Cyprus (2) (2)

• Lack of the appropriate technology.Lack of the appropriate technology.

• ΤΤhe mentality of certain water users, who he mentality of certain water users, who consider water as their own property.consider water as their own property.

• The high implementation cost.The high implementation cost.

• The extremely tight and demanding The extremely tight and demanding timetable.timetable.

• The fragmentation of the water legislation The fragmentation of the water legislation and powersand powers..


Experiences of CyprusExperiences of Cyprus (3) (3)Specific Challenges Related to Specific Challenges Related to

Regional And/or Local ConditionsRegional And/or Local Conditions

• Frequent extended droughts cause a water Frequent extended droughts cause a water shortage problem resulting in water quantity shortage problem resulting in water quantity and quality problems.and quality problems.

• Coastal waters occasionally affected by Coastal waters occasionally affected by nutrients from agricultural and other nutrients from agricultural and other activitiesactivities

• Aquifer exhaustion and salinization in the Aquifer exhaustion and salinization in the coastal areas.coastal areas.



Regional And/or Local Conditions (2)Regional And/or Local Conditions (2)

• Increased irrigation tends to aggravate Increased irrigation tends to aggravate environmental problems such as ground environmental problems such as ground waterwater pollution from nutrients and pollution from nutrients and pesticides.pesticides.

• Negative environmental impacts from the Negative environmental impacts from the construction of a large number of dams construction of a large number of dams such as reduction in groundwater recharge such as reduction in groundwater recharge and saline intrusion.and saline intrusion.



Regional And/or Local Conditions (3)Regional And/or Local Conditions (3)

• Directive is more suited to the realities of Directive is more suited to the realities of the large river basins of Europe with wet the large river basins of Europe with wet climates. climates.

• Cyprus, on the other hand,Cyprus, on the other hand,– has a semi arid climatehas a semi arid climate– numerous small but of great importance numerous small but of great importance

catchments, none of which provides catchments, none of which provides perennial flow. perennial flow.


ConclusionsConclusions

• The European Union has set the objectives and the The European Union has set the objectives and the

strategic framework with the Directivestrategic framework with the Directive..• It iIt is now up to each Member State to review the s now up to each Member State to review the

status and the particularities of its water resources status and the particularities of its water resources and develop its own national implementation and develop its own national implementation strategy. strategy.

• The WFD provides Cyprus with an unprecedented The WFD provides Cyprus with an unprecedented opportunity for introducing and implementing water opportunity for introducing and implementing water policies that enhance the sustainability of the water policies that enhance the sustainability of the water resources. resources.


Conclusions Conclusions (2)(2)

• TThe effective implementation of the WFD in Cyprus, he effective implementation of the WFD in Cyprus,

presupposespresupposes::

– the appropriate infrastructure, the appropriate infrastructure,

– great effort from all concerned, great effort from all concerned,

– long term planning, long term planning,

– change of thinking, change of thinking,

– allocation of adequate financial resourcesallocation of adequate financial resources,,

– political will.political will.


THANK YOU THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTIONFOR YOUR ATTENTION

water development department 1 experiences of the common implementation strategy from the...

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