water disputes
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Water Disputes. “Thousands have lived without love, no one without water.”. Water Disputes. History 1947 Punjab, Sindh and Bahawalpur were dependant of the water of Madhupur and Feropur head works Madhupur Ravi, upper bari doaab Feropur - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OFFICE OF PAKISTAN COMMISSIONER FOR INDUS WATERS (MINISTRY OF WATER AND POWER)
Thousands have lived without love, no one without water.
Water Disputes1Water DisputesHistory 1947Punjab, Sindh and Bahawalpur were dependant of the water of Madhupur and Feropur head worksMadhupurRavi, upper bari doaab Feropur Satlug ,Lower barri doaab ,Debalpur, Eserman Stream for BahawapurCommittee B (Responsible for division of Punjab) decleared ,water disputes ;settled !Punjab High Court Judges, Justice Din Muhammad and Justice Muhammad Munir, both nominees of the Muslim League, and Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan and Justice Teja Singh (nominees of the Indian National Congress).
2ContTenure of Commission ended on 31-03-1948 and India stopped water on 01-04-194804-05-1948 water restored on humanitarian groundsCh.Muhammad Ali it was criminal negligence by Committee-B (emergence of Pakistan)1954 foil attempt of WB to settle the issue1958, Water was stopped again3HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEIndus River System, Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, Indus 168 MAF (pre-partition). Punjab Irrigation System the largest Irrigation Network Drawing 107,350 cusecs from Indus River System.Important Headworks at Ferozepure and Madhupur which fed about 1.7 million Acres in Western Punjab (Pakistan) were given to Eastern Punjab (India).Chairman Boundary Commission Cyril Radcliffe assumed in his award that existing system will continue. I think it only right to express the hope that, where the drawing of a boundary line cannot avoid disrupting such unitary services as canal irrigation, railways and electric power transmission, a solution may be found between the two states for some joint control of what has hitherto been a valuable common service.
4HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEThe Committee on Division of Physical Assets was formed to settle questions of future management of joint assets by Punjab Partition CommitteeThe Committee gave a unanimous report on the issue of post partition water shares of East & West Punjab.The Committee is agreed that there is no question of varying the authorized shares of water to which the two zones and various canals are authorized.Accordingly a standstill agreement to continue status quo till 31st March 1948 was made between Chief Engineers (designate) of East and West PunjabAt the expiry of standstill agreement India severed supplies to Pakistan from Madhupur and Ferozpur Headworks on 1st April 19485 CLAIM OF PARTIESPakistan Existing (Historical) uses to be sacred Excess water could be divided according to area and population etc. The principle had support of several treatiesIndias Claim Upper riparian has an absolute right Lower riparian can only get it under an agreement or treaty6 RESOLUTION OF DISPUTE World Banks offer to the two Prime Ministers 6th September, 1951 Difficulties in resolution World Banks proposal 5th February, 1954 Resolution in terms of Treaty Contribution by friendly countries for Replacement Works7 BASIS FOR RESOLUTION Due to the availability of water in Western Rivers, the replacement works could be a solutionWorld Bank to provide grants and loansto construct replacement worksIndependent control and regulation of works8REPLACEMENT WORKSLINK CANALSLINK CANALS
CAPACITY (CUSECS)LENGTH (MILES)
EXCAVATION (MILLION CU. YDS.)
1. TRIMMU-SIDHNAI11,000
44
21.0
2. SIDHNAI-MAILSI
10,100
62
31.3
3. MAILSI-BAHAWAL
3,900
10
2.4
4. RASUL-QADIRABAD
19,000
30
38.3
5. QADIRABAD-BALLOKI18,600
80
80.3
6. L.C.C. FEEDER
4,100
20
8.0
7. BOLLIKI-SULEIMANDE-II6,500
39
20.5
8. CHASHMA-JHELUM
21,700
63
118.9
9. TAUNSA-PANJNAD
12,000
38
22.5
Cont/29BARRAGESBARRAGE
RIVER
FLOOD OF RECORD (CUSECS)
DESIGN FLOOD (CUSECS)
LENGTH OF BARRAGE (FEET)
1. SIDHNAI
RAVI
167,000
167,000
712
2. MAILSI SIPHON
SUTLEJ
427,000
429,000
1601
3. QADIRABAD
CHENAB
912,000
900,000
3373
4. RASUL
JHELUM
876,000
850,000
3209
5. CHASHMA
INDUS
1176,000
950,000
3556
6. MARALA
CHENAB
1023,000
1100,000
4472
REPLACEMENT WORKSCont/310
STORAGE RESERVOIRSSTORAGE
RIVER
GROSS STORAGE CAPACITY (MILLION ACRE FEET)1. MANGLA
JHELUM
4.674
2. CHASHMA
INDUS
0.4973. TARBELA
INDUS
8.192REPLACEMENT WORKS11SCOPE OF TREATY Rights and Obligations of Parties Agricultural Uses on Western Rivers Hydroelectric Works Storage Works Settlement of Differences and Disputes Modification of Treaty12 EASTERN AND WESTERN RIVERSEastern Rivers Ravi Sutlej BeasWestern Rivers Indus Jhelum Chenab13PROVISIONS REGARDING WESTERN RIVERS (INDUS, JHELUM AND CHENAB) (1)Pakistan shall receive for unrestricted use all waters of Western Rivers(2)India shall not interfere with the waters of Western Rivers except for following uses:(a) Domestic Use(b) Non-Consumptive use(c) Agricultural Use (limited)(d) Generation of Hydro-electric Power(e) Storage Works (limited)14INDIAS APPROACH TO TREATY OBLIGATIONS Being a winner, India response was positiveOfficers of combined Punjab had good working relationsAfter 1965 and 1971 war political environment shadowed technical issues.Intends dilution of Treaty provision15PAKISTANS APPROACH TO TREATY OBLIGATIONS Basis of the Treaty was a conflict between two nationsThe Treaty was a trade of Western & Eastern RiversBeing lower riparian needs protection of the TreatyConsider the Western rivers as a life line16Baglihar Dam Issue17PROVISIONS REGARDING WESTERN RIVERS (INDUS, JHELUM AND CHENAB) (1)PAKISTAN SHALL RECEIVE FOR UNRESTRICTED USE ALL WATERS OF WESTERN RIVERS(2)INDIA SHALL NOT INTERFERE WITH THE WATERS OF WESTERN RIVERS EXCEPT FOR FOLLOWING USES:(A) DOMESTIC USE(B) NON-CONSUMPTIVE USE(C) AGRICULTURAL USE (LIMITED)(D) GENERATION OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER(E) STORAGE WORKS (LIMITED)18FreeboardPondageLevel of Power IntakeLevel and Size of Spillway GatesFEATURES OF THE DAM QUESTIONED19OUTCOME/DECISION BY NEUTRAL EXPERTFreeboardIndias application of design criteria was wrong. Reduced freeboard by 33% (i.e. from 4.5 m to 3.0 m).Level of Power IntakeIndia wrongly designed and located the power intake. Raised it by 3 m. PondageReduced pondage from 37.722 MCM to 32.56 MCM.SpillwayIndias analysis is incorrect: not representative of reality and is illusory. NE suggested no change by invoking international practice and the state of the art. 20CURRENT STATUSIt was observed that all the changes in design as determined by the Neutral Expert have been incorporated.Decision in favor of INDIAThe Permanent Indus Commission recently undertook the Tour of Inspection to the site of Baglihar Hydroelectric Plant in order to verify the incorporation in the design of the Project the determination of the Neutral Expert.21Wular BarrageWular Lake barrage disrupts the flow of water into the Jhelum River, which flows into Pakistan because the capacity of the Wular Lake barrage is 3.0MAF while according to the proviso of an Indus water treaty, to construct an incidental storage capacity the design has to be examined and approved by the Pakistan on one hand and the storage capacity does not exceed 0.1 MAF of water22Pakistans worry Wular Lake is situated in an Indian occupied Jummu and Kashmir and The River Jhelum flows into the lakeAccording to Indus water treaty India has right to use the water of the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi before the point where the river enters into Pakistan whilst the Pakistan has the right over the Jhelum, the Chenab and the Indus river. Pakistans main worry was the barrage on that site could jeopardize and effectively damage the three canal system consisting of Upper Jhelum Canal, Upper Chenab Canal and Lower Bari Doab Canal
23Kishanganga HEP24Kishanganga Hydroelectric PlantAt Jhelum River basin Bandipore in Jammu and KashmirIndia and will have an installed capacity of 330 MWConstruction on the project began in 2007 and is expected to be complete in 2016Construction on the dam was halted though by the Hague's Permanent Court of Arbitration in October 2011 due to Pakistan's protest of its effect on the flow of the Kishanganga River ,called the Neelum River in PakistanIn February 2013, the Hague ruled that India could divert a minimum amount of water for power generation25ContThe thought provoking point is why India initiates all projects on the water the rights of which have been given to the Pakistan India should think that dying cat can strike out the big dog
26Nature of Dispute of WaterInitial failure of Boundary Commission Committee BThe river water sharing was made an issue by the partition plan Indus Water Treaty- Lost three riversInterpretation of clauses of IWTControl of WaterStorageFlowUsageDiversion of flowWater as War toolLong last issue since 1947Every settlement is after 3rd party interference Water adds to the importance of Kashmir 27River system for Pakistan Pakistani dependence is many fold: 1) The foremost is Pakistani agricultural dependence. 2) The dams constructed en-route the rivers are the largest source of water supply for irrigation 3) The river water is used for hydroelectric power generation 4) The water is used for drinking. 5) Less importance is that the river water is used as source of sweet water fish in Pakistan.
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2929Importance of WaterLife line of Agriculture and Agriculture is life line of EconomyWater Issue has two dimensionsInternational- Non Availability of Water may hamper the SurvivalDispute with India and Emerging dispute with AfghanistanInternal Dispute-May hamper the national IntegrationDistribution of WaterTotal Availability 147 MAF usage 102, Wastage 32Silting of Mangla and Terbela (20-25%)Decrease in Table-Water (75 Meters)Largest Canals Irrigation System dependant on water from Rivers30Important issue to understandRabi Winter- October to MarchKhraif-Summer-April to SeptemberMangla gets water from Jehlum-like eastern rivers is an Early riverTerbela-Indus- is later riverKharif sowing season starts early in SindhSindh gets water from Terbela so Sindh cant get water for early Kharif so Sindh ask water from ManglaWhen Sindh needs water from Mangla its a time to fill Mangla for Punjab-for Rabi about 4 MAF,When Sindh needs water for Kharif sowing31As W.H. Auden says:Thousands have lived without love, not one without water.
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