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Water Environment Management Water Environment Management in Sri Lanka & role of the Central in Sri Lanka & role of the Central

Environmental AuthorityEnvironmental Authority

Ramani EllepolaRamani Ellepola

Director General Director General

Central Environmental AuthorityCentral Environmental Authority

CONTENTSCONTENTS

1.1. Status of water resources in Sri LankaStatus of water resources in Sri Lanka

2.2.Activities deteriorate water qualityActivities deteriorate water quality

3.3.Effects of Water PollutionEffects of Water Pollution

4.4. Institutes for water Environment Management Institutes for water Environment Management in Sri Lankain Sri Lanka

5.5.Role of CEA in Wastewater ManagementRole of CEA in Wastewater Management

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1.1. Status of water resources in Sri Status of water resources in Sri LankaLanka

Annual Rain fall Annual Rain fall ––wet zone wet zone –– over 2000mm/yearover 2000mm/year// Intermediate zone Intermediate zone –– between 1500between 1500-- 2000 mm/year2000 mm/year

Dry Zone Dry Zone –– 1500 mm/year 1500 mm/year River basins River basins –– 103 Total length 103 Total length –– 4,500km4,500km Total area of irrigation & multipurpose reservoirs Total area of irrigation & multipurpose reservoirs –– 169,941 hectares169,941 hectares Ground water Resources Ground water Resources –– 7,800 million m3 about 72% of the rural 7,800 million m3 about 72% of the rural

population rely on ground water.population rely on ground water. Total Annual Fresh Water WithdrawalsTotal Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals -- 13 billion m3 (2005)13 billion m3 (2005) Total Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals Total Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals -- 13 billion m3 (2005)13 billion m3 (2005) Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals by sectors Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals by sectors Agriculture 87.3%Agriculture 87.3% Industry 6.4%Industry 6.4% Municipal (including domestic) 6.2 % Municipal (including domestic) 6.2 %

(Source : Central Bank Report 2010) (Source : Central Bank Report 2010)

Status of water resources in Sri Lanka Status of water resources in Sri Lanka -- ContdContd

River basins River basins –– 103 Total length 103 Total length –– 4,500km4,500km Total area of irrigation & multipurpose reservoirs Total area of irrigation & multipurpose reservoirs –– 169,941 hectares169,941 hectares Ground water Resources Ground water Resources –– 7,800 million m3 about 72% of the rural 7,800 million m3 about 72% of the rural

population rely on ground water.population rely on ground water. Total Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals Total Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals -- 13 billion m3 (2005)13 billion m3 (2005) Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals by sectors Annual Fresh Water Withdrawals by sectors Agriculture 87.3%Agriculture 87.3% Industry 6.4%Industry 6.4% Municipal (including domestic) 6.2 % Municipal (including domestic) 6.2 %

(Source : Central Bank Report 2010)(Source : Central Bank Report 2010)

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DISTRIBUTION OF RIVERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RIVERS AND TANKS (INCLUDING THOSE TANKS (INCLUDING THOSE

ABANDONED)ABANDONED)

Ground Water Resources

The total groundwater availability in the island from infiltration, percolation and sub-surface circulation is estimated to be around 7,250 – 7,800 million m3around 7,250 7,800 million m3 per annum, which is about 15% of the country’ssurface water resources (Source: Sector Vulnerability Profile Water August, 10 2010)

Planned Irrigation and water supply projects

There are several irrigation and water supply projects presently being implemented and plannedp y g p p

Approval Granted Projects Proposed Rambaken Oya Reservoir project in Ampara Moragahakanda Agricultural Development Project. – PAA

Ministry of Agriculture Proposed KaluGanga Reservoir and Agricultural Extension p g g

Project Proposed Uma Oya Multipurpose Development Project Proposed Kandy South Water Supply Project 2006 July 03 Badulla Hali Ela and Ella integrated Water Supply Project

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Processing Projects Kivul Oya Reservoir Project in Vavunia District Lower Malwathu Oya Reservoir Project in Mullativu District Morana Reservoir Project in Badulla Kalugal Oya Reservoir Projects in Ampara Talpitigala Reservoir Project in Badulla Construction of Reservoir across Per area for water supply in Vavunia Diversion of Mahaweli water to North Western Province Proposed Upper Elehera Canal Project. North Central Province Canal Project Construction of a weir across Keleniganga to supply water to the Seethawaka

Industrial Zone Proposed Mahagona Wewa Reservoir Project Supplemental EIA for the Uva Oya multipurpose Development Project Increasing the Height of Minipe Ancient at Elehera Increasing the Height of Minipe Ancient at Elehera. Proposed Yan Oya Reservoir Project

Status of Kelani River Status of Kelani River Kelani River, having the total length of 145 km and 2292 sq km of river basin is the Kelani River, having the total length of 145 km and 2292 sq km of river basin is the

second largest watershed.second largest watershed.

Kelani River is an important source of drinking water for the Colombo District, where Kelani River is an important source of drinking water for the Colombo District, where water supply intake point at Ambatale is 14 kilometers from the river mouthwater supply intake point at Ambatale is 14 kilometers from the river mouthwater supply intake point at Ambatale is 14 kilometers from the river mouthwater supply intake point at Ambatale is 14 kilometers from the river mouth

Kelani River has the most potential for pollution due to passing through most Kelani River has the most potential for pollution due to passing through most populated capital of Colombo and proximity of industries.populated capital of Colombo and proximity of industries.

The main sources of water pollution are the land based sources such as treated and The main sources of water pollution are the land based sources such as treated and untreated industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, domestic and municipal effluents. untreated industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, domestic and municipal effluents.

Siting of high polluting industries which discharge large quantities of waste water is Siting of high polluting industries which discharge large quantities of waste water is being controlled at present in order to minimize pollution of the riverbeing controlled at present in order to minimize pollution of the riverbeing controlled at present, in order to minimize pollution of the river. being controlled at present, in order to minimize pollution of the river.

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Water quality of Kelani RiverWater quality of Kelani River

BOD COD&DO f h i i hi d dBOD COD&DO f h i i hi d d BOD,COD&DO of the river are within standards BOD,COD&DO of the river are within standards stipulated by CEA. Fluctuation of Chemical stipulated by CEA. Fluctuation of Chemical Oxygen Demand , Dissolved Oxygen is reported Oxygen Demand , Dissolved Oxygen is reported due to receiving effluent from industrial zones. due to receiving effluent from industrial zones.

EC of the river water is within acceptable range EC of the river water is within acceptable range f l i i d li if l i i d li iexcept for seasonal variation due to salinity except for seasonal variation due to salinity

intrusion. intrusion.

2.2.Activities Contributing to Activities Contributing to Deterioration of Water Deterioration of Water QualityQuality Untreated wastewater discharge Untreated wastewater discharge

D iD i Domestic Domestic

IndustrialIndustrial

Haphazard dumping of solid waste.Haphazard dumping of solid waste.

Agricultural run off Agricultural run off Agro chemicalsAgro chemicals

Fertilizers Fertilizers

S d i i i i iS d i i i i i Sand mining activitiesSand mining activities

Unplanned development activitiesUnplanned development activities

Recreational activitiesRecreational activities

Unlimited water usage rather than requirement.Unlimited water usage rather than requirement.

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3.3. Effects of Water PollutionEffects of Water Pollution

Contamination of surface & ground water by nitrate & Contamination of surface & ground water by nitrate & bacteria.bacteria.

Eutrophication of lakes & reservoirs.Eutrophication of lakes & reservoirs.

Bio accumulation of heavy metals.Bio accumulation of heavy metals.

Increasing turbidity Increasing turbidity

Decrease in water flow.Decrease in water flow.

Salt water intrusionSalt water intrusion

Contamination by oilContamination by oil

4.4. Institutes for Water Environment Institutes for Water Environment Management in Sri LankaManagement in Sri Lanka

* * Central Environmental AuthorityCentral Environmental AuthorityOverall responsibility for protecting water Environment Overall responsibility for protecting water Environment

N ti l W t S ppl & D i B dN ti l W t S ppl & D i B d National Water Supply & Drainage BoardNational Water Supply & Drainage Board-- Drinking water and sewage ManagementDrinking water and sewage Management

Water Resources BoardWater Resources Board ––responsible for preparation of comprehensive and integrated plans for responsible for preparation of comprehensive and integrated plans for conservation, utilization, control and development of the groundwater resources in Sri Lanka.conservation, utilization, control and development of the groundwater resources in Sri Lanka.

Department of IrrigationDepartment of Irrigation –– Regulation & control of inland waters Regulation & control of inland waters

Mahaweli AuthorityMahaweli Authority –– Maintenance of Mahaweli River and its reservoirs for development of lands Maintenance of Mahaweli River and its reservoirs for development of lands for agriculture.for agriculture.gg

Department of Coast ConservationDepartment of Coast Conservation –– Conservation of the coastal zone and management of its Conservation of the coastal zone and management of its resourcesresources..

Marine Pollution Prevention AuthorityMarine Pollution Prevention Authority-- protect the marine environment from ship based and shore based maritime related activity.

National Aquatic Resources Agency –Aquatic Researches

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Environmental Protection InSri Lanka

The need for environmental safeguards is enshrined in the constitutionthe constitution

Article 27 states that “the state shall protect, preserve and improve the environment for the benefit of the community”

Article 28f states that “the exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the

f f d i d bli i d di lperformance of duties and obligations and accordingly it is the duty of every person in Sri Lanka to protect nature and conserve its riches”.

Environmental Protection in Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka there are a multitude of laws (more h 100!) i h i i l ithan 100!) with some provisions relating to

environmental protection and Management.

Some of the earliest legislation dates back to the last century (eg. Forestry, Protection of high elevations))

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Environmental Protection In Sri Lanka

The National Environmental Act no 47 of 1980, is the first comprehensive piece of legislationis the first comprehensive piece of legislation dealing exclusively with environmental Protection and Management.

The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) was set up in 1981 to implement the provisions in the National Environmental Actin the National Environmental Act.

HISTORY OF THE CEA

CEA was set up in 1981, under the provisions in the national Environmental Act no 47 of 1980the national Environmental Act no 47 of 1980.

At the inception, the CEA was a COORDINATING AND POLICY MAKING body with no regulatory authority.

In 1988, amendments were made to the NEA hi h f d h CEA i lwhich transformed the CEA into a regulatory

Agency.

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Central Environmental Authority

The Central Environmental Authority is the N i l A f E i l P iNational Agency for Environmental Protection and Management in Sri Lanka

CEA acts as a regulatory agency in approving new infrastructure and industrial projects.

It also maintains water quality through the It also maintains water quality through the stipulation of emission standards as well as ambient standards

Regulatory tools & standardsRegulatory tools & standards

Part IVPart IV-- Environmental Management and ProtectionEnvironmental Management and Protection

P t IV AP t IV A E i t P t tiE i t P t tiPart IV APart IV A-- Environment ProtectionEnvironment Protection

Environment Protection Licence (EPL) ProcedureEnvironment Protection Licence (EPL) Procedure

Hazardous Waste Management Licence (HWML) procedureHazardous Waste Management Licence (HWML) procedure

Part IV BPart IV B-- Environment QualityEnvironment Quality

Environmental Standards for Emissions Environmental Standards for Emissions

(Wastewater, Noise, Air emission, Vibration)(Wastewater, Noise, Air emission, Vibration)

Part IV CPart IV C-- Environment ManagementEnvironment Management

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),

Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA)Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA)

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Management of Water Environment Management of Water Environment under 02 main Divisionsunder 02 main Divisions Environmental Pollution Control DivisionEnvironmental Pollution Control Division

E i t l P ll ti C t l U itE i t l P ll ti C t l U it-- Environmental Pollution Control UnitEnvironmental Pollution Control Unit-- Waste Management UnitWaste Management Unit-- LaboratoryLaboratory

Environmental Management & Assessment Environmental Management & Assessment DivisionDivision

-- Environment Impact Assessment UnitEnvironment Impact Assessment Unit

-- Natural Resources Management UnitNatural Resources Management Unit-- Geo Informatics UnitGeo Informatics Unit

Environmental Pollution Control Environmental Pollution Control Division (EPC)Division (EPC) Implementation of Environmental Protection Licence (EPL) Implementation of Environmental Protection Licence (EPL)

procedure for industries.procedure for industries.

Environmental Recommendation (ER) procedure for new Environmental Recommendation (ER) procedure for new industrial sites, industrial sites, -- Administrative procedure Administrative procedure

Implementation of Scheduled Waste management Licence for Implementation of Scheduled Waste management Licence for operating a facility for scheduled waste operating a facility for scheduled waste -- regulation No.1 of regulation No.1 of 20082008

Solid waste Management regulation on Municipal Solid Waste Solid waste Management regulation on Municipal Solid Waste No.1 of 2009. No.1 of 2009.

Monitoring of Industrial effluent quality.Monitoring of Industrial effluent quality.

Water Quality monitoring of selected surface water bodies. Water Quality monitoring of selected surface water bodies.

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Environmental Management & Environmental Management & Assessment Division (EMA)Assessment Division (EMA) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for major projects & Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for major projects &

Initial Environmental Assessment (IEE) for small scale projects.Initial Environmental Assessment (IEE) for small scale projects.Initial Environmental Assessment (IEE) for small scale projects.Initial Environmental Assessment (IEE) for small scale projects.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Environmental Clearance for activities not listed in PartEnvironmental Clearance for activities not listed in Part

iv c of the NEA.iv c of the NEA.

Declaration of Environmental Protected Areas under section 24C Declaration of Environmental Protected Areas under section 24C and 24D of NEA and 24D of NEA –– 6 environmentally important areas have been 6 environmentally important areas have been declared. declared.

Preparation of management plans and implementing administrative Preparation of management plans and implementing administrative procedure for EPA s.procedure for EPA s.

Management of wet lands.Management of wet lands.

Environmental Education and Awareness Division

This division deals mainly with educating the bli i l ipublic on environmental issues

The “Pioneer Brigade programme” is a programme for school children spread out islandwide

School children earn badges upto the level of a School children earn badges upto the level of a Presidential badge

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Provincial Setup of the CEAProvincial Setup of the CEA

Establishment of regional offices island wide in 2007 Establishment of regional offices island wide in 2007

At present 08 provincial offices At present 08 provincial offices 08 district offices08 district offices

Power delegation to Local Government Authorities to Power delegation to Local Government Authorities to perform duties of CEA ( for selected activities gazetteperform duties of CEA ( for selected activities gazetteperform duties of CEA ( for selected activities gazette perform duties of CEA ( for selected activities gazette No. 1533/16 dated 2008.01.25)No. 1533/16 dated 2008.01.25)

PILISARU PROJECT

Haphazard disposal of municipal solid waste is a major contributory factor to water pollutionmajor contributory factor to water pollution

Pilisaru Project is being implemented by the CEA for setting up proper waste management systems islandwide.

As of today, a total of 95 small scale composting j h b i l d idprojects have been set up islandwide

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Mahinda Chintanaya-Vision for the Future

This policy document sets out the development P li F k f h G f S iPolicy Framewark of the Government of Sri Lanka.

Environmental priorities-

Inland surface water protection targets

C t l d i t ti t t Coastal and marine protection targets

National Programme for EnvironmentNational Programme for Environment

Haritha Lanka ProgrammeHaritha Lanka Programme

Mission 07 “Water for all & always”Mission 07 “Water for all & always” Strategy 04 Strategy 04 –– keep drinking water sources free from contaminationkeep drinking water sources free from contamination

Strategy 06 Strategy 06 –– enforce polluter pays principle for water pollution enforce polluter pays principle for water pollution industries & activitiesindustries & activities

Strategy 08 Strategy 08 –– Reduce fertilizer leaching and eutrophicationReduce fertilizer leaching and eutrophication

Mission 09 “ Greening the Industries”Mission 09 “ Greening the Industries” Strategy 01Strategy 01 -- Consolidate cleaner production in industriesConsolidate cleaner production in industriesStrategy 01 Strategy 01 Consolidate cleaner production in industriesConsolidate cleaner production in industries

Strategy 02 Strategy 02 -- Eco Industrial parksEco Industrial parks

Strategy 03 Strategy 03 –– Certification of industries ISO 14000Certification of industries ISO 14000

Strategy 04 Strategy 04 –– Greening the supply chainGreening the supply chain

Strategy 06 Strategy 06 –– Incentives for environmental friendly investmentsIncentives for environmental friendly investments

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THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU

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Variation of pH during 2009-2010

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2009

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Variation of DO and BO D during 2009-2010

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Variation of COD During 2009-2010

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COD -2010

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Variation of EC during 2009-2010

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