water footprint in a life cycle perspective and case studies

www.quantis-intl.com

Water footprint in a life cycle perspective and case studies

March 6th 2012

Samuel Vionnet, M.Sc. Product Manager, Water [email protected]

Sébastien Humbert, PhD VP Scientific Affairs [email protected]


Agenda

2

•  Quantis presentation

•  Life cycle assessment and water footprint

•  Case studies •  Danone – water footprint of bottled water •  Intel – Corporate water footprint •  Kraft Foods – Corporate environmental assessment

and water footprint •  Shower gel water footprint

•  Conclusion


Introduction to Quantis

3


Quantis: a leader in Life Cycle Assessment

4

Extensive cumulated experience •  More than 150 years of accumulated

experience •  > 150 clients / > 250 projects •  Internationally recognized experts •  Rapidly growing company

Social LCA Database development LUCAS

Impact modeling (human health, ecosystems) USEtox

Carbon footprint Environmental product labelling

Water footprint & database Impact assessment (IMPACT2002+) Supply chain impact and risk assessment

LAUSANNE 37 collaborators

PARIS, LYON

9 collaborators

MONTREAL 17 collaborators

BOSTON 8 collaborators


Quantis: at the interface between academia and industry

Spin-off from polytechnics research centers

•  Rigorous application of LCA to a diverse array of products and service systems from various sectors

•  Pioneer in techniques for applying LCA methodologies and concepts at all levels: from the entire company to the detailed view of specific product components

•  Conformity to latest information and standards

5

Our values


Some of our clients

6

The business knowledge and vocabulary to interact with experts from different industrial sectors


Quantis strength – A Unique Positionning

7

WATER FOOTPRINT EXPERIENCE

WATER FOOTPRINT DATABASE

WATER FOOTPRINT TOOL

WATER FOOTPRINT KNOWLEDGE

Methodology development

Expert network and universities

R&D activities •  ISO •  UNEP-SETAC WULCA •  CEO Water Mandate •  WFN

Unique and complete water DB

Regionalized comprehensive inventory

4000+ processes (aligned on ecoinvent)

21 companies trusted us for water footprint

Strategy, risk assessment and mitigation plans

Database Regionalized Tool

GWT (WBCSD) and custom Excel tools

Quantis SUITE 2.0

Reporting, labeling and communication •  CDP Water Disclosure •  CSR reports and GRI •  French labeling initiative


•  Collaboration with leading universities and research centers

•  Involved in UNEP SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

•  Leading working group on ISO water footprinting standard

•  Active member of the Water Footprint Network

•  Involved in CEO Water Mandate •  Involved in CDP Water Disclosure

Quantis - Involved with the major water initiatives

8

•  Involved in WBCSD Global Water Tool •  Involved in BIER •  Member of The Sustainability Consortium •  Involved in Environmental labelling initiative

(France) •  Involved in European Environmental

Footprint Initiative •  Collaboration with ecoinvent on water data

collection


Quantis - Leading on the scientific front of water

2011

ISIE Berkeley

Agrion Paris

SETAC EU Milan

Responsible Business Summit London

LCM Berlin

Americana Montreal

LCA XI Chicago

CILCA Mexico

2010

Ethical Corp London

•  Articles being written: •  Review of water footprint methodologies (A. Kounina, UNEP-SETAC WULCA

working group – Int J LCA) •  Water footprint methodology – case study (S. Vionnet, Danone – JIE)

Ø  Conferences at which Quantis presented a water related project


Quantis - Providing training courses on water footprinting

2011

Berkeley

Lausanne

Padova

Medellin

Paris

Chicago

Paris

Stockholm

Paris

Lausanne

Bâle

Mexico

2010

Portland

70 persons

35 companies ≈

New York


Introduction to life cycle assessment and water footprint

11


•  From cradle to grave: a global vision of the production-consumption chain of company/product/service/site

12

LCA – A global vision of the production-consumption chain


LCA – more than carbon > multi-criteria

•  A global vision of multiple emissions, resources use and wastes 13


LCA – synthesized indicators for decision making

14

Deliver science-based decision-making with a science-based aggregation


The water footprint stream: Initiatives and timeline

Source: WBCSD

www.quantis-intl.com 16

Water use impact assessment framework - Quantis

16

Inventory of water use

[DALY / y] [PDF-m2-y / y] [MJ / y]

Midpoint (risk assess.)

Endpoint (damages)

Pollution

Acidification Eutrophication

Toxicity

Resource


Damage - Impact assessment methods – Water resources

•  Impacts of freshwater consumption on human health, ecosystem quality and resource (Pfister and al. 2009)

•  Impact of freshwater river consumption on ecosystem quality (Hanafiah et al. 2011)

•  Impact of thermal pollution in freshwater aquatic environments (Verones et al. 2010)

•  Impact of groundwater extraction on disappearance of plant species (Van Zelm et al. 2010)

•  Impact of hydropower water use on aquatic biodiversity damages (Maendly and Humbert 2009)

17


Damage - Impact assessment methods – Water pollution (chemical)

•  Acidification - Impacts of gas emitted in the atmosphere that create acid rains (Jolliet et al. 2003)

•  Eutrophication - Impact of excess nutrients emission in water that stimulate excessive plant growth (N or P) (Goedkoop et al. 2008)

•  Eco-toxicity - Impact of toxic pollutant emitted to water directly or indirectly (Rosenbaum et al. 2008)

18


Measurement

19

Management

Disclosure Inventory of water use (direct / indirect) Risk assessment Reporting (CDP

Water, GRI, etc)

Product/Company water footprint

Impact assessment

Multi-indicators approach

Stakeholders engagement

Governance and policy engagement

Priorities setting and action plan (targets)

Annual report and CSR reports

External events and commitments

Image and reputation management

Water footprint to support your strategy

Corporate Water Strategy


Case Studies –

Water Footprint of Bottled Water

20


Danone – The water footprint of bottled water

© Quantis. In process of being published. Please contact Quantis before citing any results from this study.

System studied: Evian bottled water –  Four different production sites assessed in this project

Water Stress Index map per country (Pfister et al. 2009)


Danone – Life cycle of a bottle of water

L i f

e

c y

c l

e

•  Bottling plant

•  Packaging

•  Energy used at bottling plant

•  Distribution and use

•  End-of-life (packaging)



Danone – Inventory analysis

4.24.6

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1.0

Cooling Water

11.9

2.4

4.7

Released Water

2.0 1.0

Cooling Water

15.9

1.8

4.6

4.9

Groundwater

1.6 1.4

Consumed Water

5.6

1.2

2.3

Surface water

1.9 0.6

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.6

Water Withdrawal Water Returned

L / l

itre

of b

ottle

d w

ater

Water evaporated from hydroelectricity

Packaging end-of-life

Distribution and Use

Bottling plant

Packaging Energy used at bottling plant


Energy and industrial processes use a lot of water

Spring water pumped

A lot of water used in returned (not consumed)

5.6 l consumed water per litre of bottled water (no longer available for other users)

(turbined water is not shown on this graph)


Overview of the results, Ecosystem impacts (biodiversity)

!"#$%!$&'

$#$%($$'

"#$%!$&'

)#$%!$*'

)#"%!$*'

+#$%!$*'

+#"%!$*'

*#$%!$*'

,-./0'1234567823'9:/3/0-;<'

=0253>?-./0'/@.0-1823'

,-./0'.A/06

-;'72;;5823'

BCD/0'?-./0'1234567823'

E50FC3/>'?

-./0'9AG02/;/1.0C1C.G<'

H0/4A?-./0'/[email protected]'

%5.027AC1-823'

I1C>CJ1-823'

!"#$%$&'()*+,

-.&%).(

/,"&$)012

34(54%)6)-.&7')#8)

9#:-';)<,&'7=)

>(/,"&)",&'?#7.'$)

K-1L-:C3:'/3>!2M!;CM/'

N4/'4.-:/'

K02>51.'>C4.0CF5823'O'4.20-:/'

P/123>-0G'O'./08-0G'7-1L-:C3:'

K0C6-0G'7-1L-:C3:'

%3/0:G'54/'-.'4C./'

,-./0'C3120720-./>'C3.2'702>51.'

K02>51823'4C./'

E2.-;'


PET production happens in a water stress region

A lot of industrial processes use electricity and thus turbined water

Pollution of water is an important issue (indirect pollutant emission to water from incineration)


Danone – Results use

•  Define an action plan to reduce water footprint •  Define a KPI and benchmark production plants to identify

best practices •  Supply chain management •  Stakeholders engagement

25

Measurement Management

Disclosure

Company Water Strategy

•  Understand water footprint •  Regionalized impact assessment •  Raise efficiency of processes (plant)

•  Scientific publication •  Communication plan



Engage with stakeholders to reduce water footprint (watershed level)

•  Reducing water pollution using waste water treatment plants

–  Reduction of 2’600’000 m3 of grey water at Evian watershed per year –  Engage with local villages and towns inside the watershed to support

the creation of waste water treatment plant

•  Reducing water pollution through a change in

agricultural practices –  Prevention of 400’000 m3 of grey water per year at the Evian site

through label (organic production) and best practice agriculture

•  Improvement of ecosystem quality through wetlands and ecosystem maintenance

–  Benefit for the biodiversity app. 400’000 PDF·m2·y at Evian watershed per year



Case Studies –

Intel Corporate Water Footprint

27


Intel – Corporate water footprint and CSR report


Intel – Manufacturing direct water footprint (stress assessment)


Intel – Manufacturing direct water footprint (damage assessment)

30

Supply chain screening water footprint was assessed separately


Intel – Results use

•  Risk assessment and management •  Priorities resources investments •  KPI for plant management

31


Disclosure


•  Standard KPI vs. water footprint •  Regionalization accounted for •  Impact assessment •  Supply chain screening assessment

•  CSR Report •  Scientific conferences and

engagement with industrial assocations


Case Studies –

Kraft foods corporate water footprint

Shampoo water footprint

32


Kraft foods – Corporate water footprint

33


ü The user’s habits are key to reduce the water footprint

ü Managing the supply chain is important to understand and reduce the water footprint

ü A cross-analysis with carbon footprint has been done in order to identify a win-win situation.

Key points Product impact in waste water ü  Product degradability

enhancement

Bio-based chemicals (palm and coco based) ü  Management of the supply

chain ü  Engagement with suppliers

Plant production ü  Reduced water

consumption ü  Re-use of water ü  Recycling of water

Water heating energy and direct water use (consumer) ü  Best practice ü  Consumer commitment

Potential for improvement of water footprint

Shower gel water footprint – Hot spots and action plan


Conclusion

35


Conclusion

36


Disclosure


Water footprint “tool” to: •  Better understand water related issues and environmental impact •  Increase efficiency and invest your resources wisely •  Reduce your environmental impact, including your supply chain and your

entire life cycle Water footprint within you environment strategy to: •  Complete your environment set of indicators •  Engage with stakeholders •  Manage and communicate your impact


Thank you for your attention

37


Terminology •  water use; generic term used to describe human activity involving water resources (including

agriculture, industry, energy production, public sector and households, in stream and in-situ uses such as fishing, recreation, transportation and waste disposal) as well as the total amount of water used during the process

•  water footprint; life cycle impact indicator that assesses the contribution of the system under study to water impact on the environment.

•  water inventory; phase of a water footprint study involving compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs related to water use for products, processes and organizations

•  water withdrawal; anthropogenic removal of water from any water body, either permanently or temporarily

•  consumed water (water consumption); water withdrawal where release back to the source does not occur, e.g. due to evaporation, evapotranspiration, product integration or discharge into a different drainage basin or the sea

•  process water; water used by a process excluding cooling water. Water used as process water is most of the time in contact with the product This water does not include incorporated water in inputs used by the process.

38


Terminology

•  direct water use; refers to process flows directly related to a given process

•  indirect water use; refers to process flows indirectly related to a given process, for example water use related to electricity production used during the process

•  cooling water; water that is used to regulate the temperature of a process

•  green water footprint; used and defined by the Water Footprint Network (WFN). Green water footprint refers to the precipitation on land that does not run off or recharge the groundwater but is stored in the soil or temporarily stays on top of the soil or vegetation, and eventually evaporates or transpires through plants (Hoekstra, 2011).

•  grey water footprint; used and defined by the Water Footprint Network (WFN) as an indicator of the degree of freshwater pollution characterized as a volume of water (Hoekstra, 2011)

•  blue water footprint; used and defined by Water Footprint Network (WFN) as an indicator of consumptive water use of so-called blue water (fresh surface water and groundwater) (Hoekstra, 2011)

39


Water footprint DATABASE

40

Full and neutral inventory

Covers direct operations, upstream

& downstream op.

Inventory covering all water categories Regionalized

4’000+ processes

Unique and complete

Be among the first users

Sector specific datasets

Necessary for precise water

footprinting

At the forefront

consistent with other environmental indicators

(e.g. carbon footprint)

THE DATABASE

BENEFITS OF THE DATABASE

© Quantis, 2010

water footprint in a life cycle perspective and case studies

Documents