WATER POLLUTION

WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION? Water pollution is the major contamination of water

bodies like rivers, lakes, ocean etc. This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

CONTENTS:INTRODUCTIONSOURCES OF WATER POLLUTIONCAUSESGROUNDWATER POLLUTIONMEASUREMENTS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION:Water pollution is the major global problem which requires ongoing

evaluation of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is a leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness every day. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well.

SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION: Sea wage LeakageIndustrial waste dumped into waterPollution of Groundwater through drilling activitiesHousehold wasteAnimal waste

CAUSES: Panthogens: Disease-causing microorganisms are referred to us panthogens. Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, a few panthogenic bacteria can cause disease. Thermal pollution: Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. Thermal pollution, unlike chemical pollution, results in a change of physical properties of water. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power of plants and industrial manufacturers. Organic water pollutants include:*Detergents*Disinfection by-products found in chemically disinfected drinking water, such as chloroform*Food processing waste, which can include oxygen-demanding substances, fats and grease. Inorganic water pollution include: *Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power plants)*Ammonia from food processing waste*Chemical waste as industrial by-products

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION:• Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. Groundwater

pollution sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution. By its very nature, groundwater aquifers as susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of points vs. non- point sources may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil. Analysis of Groundwater contamination may focuses on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of contaminants.

MEASURES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION:• We should not throw solid waste into the water bodies.• There should be proper check to prevent the disposal of toxic

chemical waste from industries into natural bodies of water.• Prevention of untreated sewers by setting up of treatment plants.

(STP’s)• To check the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers which are a major cause of groundwater pollution.

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