EIFAC Technical Paper No. 29 EIFAC/T29

WATER QUALITY CRITERIAFOR EUROPEAN FRESHVVATER FISH

Report on the effect of zinc and copper pollutionon the salmonid fisheries in a river and lake systemin central Norway

411% IA with the cooperation of the11. 0 United Nations Environment Programme

EUROPEAN INLAND FISHERIES AD'VISORY COMMISSIONFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

EUROPEAN INLAND FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMISSION (EIFAC)

El FAC documents are issued in two series:

EIFAC Technical Paper

Selected scientific and technical papers, including some of those contributedas working documents to sessions of the Commission or its sub-commissions.Published in English and French.

El FAC Occasional Paper

Papers of general interest to the Commission. Published in the language sub-mitted, either English or French.

Copies of these documents can be obtained from:

SecretaryEuropean Inland Fisheries Advisory CommissionDepartment of FisheriesFAOVia delle Terme di Caracalla00100 Rome, Italy

EIRAD Technical Paper No 29 EIFAC T29

REPORT ON

The Effect of Zinc and Copper Pollution on the Salmonidpaherie in a River and Laico, aystem in Central Norwaz_

prepared by

the EIFAC Working Party on Biological Monitoring

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSRome, 1977

..:-T-isignations _ _id the presentationof material in this publication do not imply thee:g)resslon c ny opinion vvhatsoever on thepan. L Lhe. Food and Agriculwre Organizationof the United Nations concerning the legalstatus o any country, territory, city or area orof its authoies, or concerning the delimitationof its frontiers or boundaries.

111.-- 45

ISBN 92-5-100296-7

The copyright in this book is 's-sed in the Food and Agriculture Orga-nization 6 che Uni-ted Nations. Ths book r.-.Ey not be reproduced, in wholeor in part, by any method o: .7rocess, without written permission fromthe copyright holc!e7-. L'.ppiicE.tions or such permission, with a statementof Lhe purpose End ote eproduc-cion desired, should be addressedto i.he Director, Putolicaziolo, sion, Food and Agricullure Organizationof .the United Natio,-1E..., do Tz.,,rros di CESECE:i1E2, 00100 Rome, Italy.

1977

PAO Dcriaztmcnt of n:_crios.ii-oth07,2FLO Regional Fc OfficernSelector EI/E only

-

PRE7_TATION OF TEUS

The baol:s:=nd of this paper i il d. in the Introduction to the report it1f0 Thepaper was prepared ae part of a cooperative project of the United Nations EiwironmentProgramme with the Food and APriculture Organization of the United Nations as cooperatingagency. It is published in the European inland Fisheries Aevisory Commission (EIFAC) serieson Water Quality Cri'ceria as, it provides informztion in support (os' otherzzise) of thetentative opolity objectives for zinc and copper put forward in "Report on sine and fresh-77aer fidhuf EIPN Tech.Pap07 (21)22 p.7 1973, and "Report on copper and freshwater fish",EIFAC Tech.Pap., (27)21 0.7 1976, rospecti7ely, 7hich lers WeDarea by the EIFAC WorkingParty on Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fih. This Report was prepared bythe EIFAC Working Party on Biological Monitoring.

ET7(= Pr-v'cw.on _To1os,10,71

(i977),EIR1C Tos:i.Pm.7 (29)34Re7orY, on tho offsot of zinc and copper

tho salmonid fisheries in ari707:' and lakc s7,7ctem in central Nor-vmy

Pollution effects. Inland fisheries.

Grouth. Condition factors. Salmonidae.Analytical techniques. Copper. Zinc.

Heavy metals. iTorlre.y.

Distribu ion: v.

a hic Eni

This Report was prepared as part of a cooperative project of the

UNIltD NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

entitled

The Effect of Zinc and Cop er Pollution on the SalmonidFisheries in a River and Lake -stem in Central Norw y

with the

AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

as cooperating ncy

FAO acknowledges the vale work of the Consultants

M. Grande Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchK.W. Jensen Directorate for Wildlife and Freshwater Fishy NorwayR. Lloyd Ministry of Agriculturep Fisheries and Foodp London

T29

4 55. .

." 366

4.3 6. , 6

7

o

1. Introduction

2. Description of Site

3. The Fish. f t1 2

3.1 a tors 2-7 2

.2 (;.o.a.:- 33

3.2 4

3.3 J.72' 44

.., 44

4. 5

7 Fish 8

8

9

.part of : eontinuing cocne. ofr1LLcf lh,?ishsries LdYisom! toe-king °I-L2 e,t fn cl-'6-1

vats:: auality fc- fechhreter Y11S

litecsatrro on measurei oList- :f asortsrit len n tsfishee-ies, o cf ousiss,sienti ocm," :_cnohoeninfor-mation doai.1 1,bs,aLom tese E.2'f :a oflo,-,az..weolfic0011i:ton-co sn fish: on fi,li c;,ser-otione, nie;Leg: m e.,leeeoet

ani -611L :1defined loborosvcr:i t],tr!tc.et.-;_ - fi,Idobservations. Such obsersationi: t:LZC,'"11 f1c 7:rspe7Ltion of isour:to o_

-.Fas emphsoized in Ule acoorts on tho ,Y

.EIFAC/T27; ',976) on frochws:;:s2 fioh, fccoghitiom r,s gi eh tU Y!-1:12; -,97Oin 1973 a caeotionnains 7as cinou:ea:;c: oc in -nick infese!ationwas sought OK the Emistanos cs* ouitstle eitos -her, LI:,esaction -oLv-ecc.-) -cha lesssis

of oollution in water and Core -6-:;atus of ths ti:111-E 4.nYesn,getedt andwhere the pollution was caused by C:11 01" colictanto sf mrotonceOne such site which arcooared to fuifal the racruireLleqts %L..: in Yorwys zrs -e-cc' ilter-connected lakes nene fed by a polluted streenl containins OCi:DS-",:' and oinc- nac.-tezformer mining operations.

Two of the major deficiencies in emistillg fJeld atudac hs',1re osen the inwaffisientnumber of samples te17en for analysis ani in scm carca thor a ci il177!-C2C7)fi2 ta methodsof arl lysis. This latter facton ia; imPorant on tbs cese of 33'D'DZ-2*; 7.41 L7ieid

conditions a large proportion of the metal can be bourd to soluble c,:..76,F,Liic, acarfinwhich state it is muchless h=ful to the fish than tbe free ionic S-.orm ca acaren carbon-ate. Current anolytical methodc usually msasul-e totcl copPar (dIssolved and bouna tosuspended solids) and it is often not Possible to assess tha potential harmfulness tofish of such concentrations. Sinos ugTP has a strong interest in the de lc . .t ofpollution monitoring nroammes 7hf.c:h provide data relevant to the needs of en-fircnulebtalprotection, this organization funcl a on2-year project to carry out au il-p-ssigation ofthe polluted Norwegian lakes, in orer to g-anerate data cf value to ths planning othD?monitoring Programmes and to provide information in supporf r otherwise) of the tenta-tive water quality objectives for zinc and copper put Ici. in EIFAC/T21 and EIFAC T27.

The prc.., was carried out by Mr. K.W. Jensen (Diractos'F.tc f or ildlifeFreshwater Fi. (DVF)) who ras m?,inly r:Deporsibls for the fe..1-h-e7dzs ...n7estatlon andMr. M. Grande (-..brwegian Iust:Itute l'ater Research OTTLI)) 7ho roenly L-s3DeTIznleforcthe sampling and chelidcal analyois. G?nes-al su-eervLslen of tho ofojeot oas c-.:srciscdby men:bers of the Working 2.774. on Uainor 0,vality Criteia for 1-mea-Tetoc -9ish (ub-Commission III, EIFAC), inclucled br, J.S. .L,la-bazter (Con-1:!n:,r) D,

asid Mr. R. Lloyd (Raporteur) together 77i4;h !:.r. K. Eaalzrud En.d. Fr, i]c Snek7ih,

2. n.n.SfdIoÌ OF Tr:-,

Laht.). t (03o 101Lo33'E, altiimis 199 sunfaco coca 1,9 Imn2 iein Central -.1411tly alport 50 Tnrc .1cuth-cot ci T-o-cfL:acL,

P'ngvatnst to thc slif;ht12 - SL-77 da. =,ths cutlet of LeLe 9.ostevatimst Togroacr t3oo la'eo le-al -Lich otnccc, cfe-c' hydro-clostrio powam generation,

The catch,son ars refec=ot -f::ch:;_os Ialct !Tt2 ctac_an thc outic- cc:" Ls2c: Fazte-cltitt c11:-c7ct I.-tcc ,-,7-tf,1fa,miand; 'out n:et cn t-na octocti-act_ :Etc ;;;°;7..7 T; 'f1::7*.%"%

OehiBta,

2

EIFAC/T29

Both lakes are oligotrophic; Lake Hostovatnet is shallow with considerable areas lessthan 5 m deep, whereas Lake Ringvatnet is deeper with areas of at least 25 m deep. Themean retention time of the water in Lake Ringvatnet is about six months, and forLake Hostovatnet about four months. The lakes are covered by ice from the end of Novemberuntil midMay.

The biggest of the inflowing streams is the River Bjyraa which begins at the smalltarn Bj0rtjönna and passes through two other tare, the Gruvedammen and Malisetertjönna,before it enters Lake Ringvatnet. The Gruvedammen is divided into two parts by a smalloauseway; the lower part is heavily polluted with copper and zinc by drainage water fromthe abandoned Drogset Mines. The mining operations for copper began in 1867; previously,the River Bjgraa was the chief spawning stream for trout in Lake Ringvatnet. Miningcontinued until 1909, and according to local farmers all fish disappeared from theRiver BjFh-aa and also from the southern part of Lake Ringvatnet. Some years after thecessation of mining, trout and char began to reappear in the southern part of LakeRingvatnet.

3. THE FISH AND FISHERIES OF THE AREA

The upper reaches of the River BjSraa, from Bjyfr.tjönna to the upper Gruvedammen con-tains dense populations of small brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). The lower Gruvedammen,Malisetertjönna and the remaining length of the RivaTETTaa are completely fishless. BothLake Ringvatnet and Lake Hostovatnet have populations of brown trout, char (Salvelinusalpinus L.) and threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.).

It was not possible to carry out a quantitative survey of the fish population in thetwo lakes within the time available. However, an assessment of the status of the fishpopulation as a fishery can be obtained from calculations of growth rates and conditionfactors of the species present, and an assessment of the angling potential.

3.1 Growth Rates and gondition Factors

3.1.1 Brown trout

Age and growth were calculated from an examination of the scales, without correctionfor allometry between scale growth and length. A summary of the results is given inTable 1. The scales were read with some difficulty, and the figures obtained cannot beassumed to be free from error. As usual with brown trout, the variation in growth ratebetween fish from a lake is considerable; much of this difference is caused probably bythe variation in the number of years that small trout live in the nursery streams beforethey enter the lake.

In both lakes the growth of the trout is good, but not excaotionally fast, and thefish continue to grow well even after they are 10 years old; occasionally the trout in thelakes attain sizes of 2-3 kg or more. The growth rate was faster in 1976 than in 1968,and for both years the rate was faster in Lake Ringvatnet than in Lake Hostovatnet. Incomparison with other trout lakes in this part of Norway, the growth rates are aboveaverage.

In Norwegian trout lakes the growth rate of trout is usually highly dependent on thepopulation density. This density is again highly dependent upon recruitment and fishingmortality. For the two lakes in this study, the two potentially best spawning streamscannot be used; the River BjSraa is heavily polluted with copper and zinc, and the outletof Lake Hostovatnet into the River Vorma is barred by a dam. Trout recruitment is, there-fare,too small to lead to overpopulation.

3

IFAC/T29

Examination of the trouts' stomachs showed that the main food was sticklebacks, andwhere these are abundant the growth rate of trout is usually good. Hownver, sticklebacksare intermediary hosts for trout parasites; in both lakes the trout were heavily infestedby a cestode (probably Diphyllobotrium dendriticum Nitsch) and the infestation is probablycaused by the trout feeding on sticklebacks.

In Lake Hostovatnet, a six-year old female trout was found to have spawned in theprevious autumn; this was the youngest and smallest (about 27 am long at sbawning) femalefound in the samples from the two lakes. It appears that female trout in these lakes donot usually reach sexual maturity until they have reached 30-35 am or more.

Compared with many other trout populations in this part of Norway, the quality of thetrout is good. In both lakes, trout larger than 23-24 cm had pink to red coloured flesh.

The condition of trout is usually classified by a factor k, which is equal to theweight divided by the inverse cube of the length. The k values for all fish examined werecalculated from the formula:

100wk -

13

where w is the weight in grammes and 1 the total length in cm. The results are summarizedin Table 2. If the shape and specific gravity of a trout do not chan-: as the fish growsin size, the k value will be constant during its whole life. In overcrowded populations,the larger, older fish will frequently be lean or thin, and above a certain length thevalue will decrease as the fish length increases. In sparsely populated trout lakes withabundant food, the k value will usually increase with length. Since the lengths of thetrout were not distributed normally, the association between k and 1 was tested for allthree samples by the non-parametric Kendall's rank correlation test (Sokal and Rohlf, 1969).In the sample of trout from Lake Hostovatnet, no correlation was found between k and 1.The trout samples from Lake Ringvatnet gave a positivo correlation between k and 1

s= 1.90, P = 0.057).

3.1.2 Char

The growth data for char are given in Table 3; the age was determined by rearling boththe otoliths and the scales from the same fish. Both were difficult to analyse, and the

shown in the table are subject to error, H=:.r, there is no doubt that growth rateis good, and better than in many other liorT;egian ch:etr lakes. The char also grow fas-ter in

Lake Ringvatnet than in Lake Hostovatnet. Parasite infestation is much Iess common in thechar than in the trout from the two lakes7 probably because the char did not feed onsticklebacks to the same extent; stomaoh P,71=lyses showed that most of the char had beenfeeding on planktonic crustaceans. The aver condition factor of the char in LakeHostovatnet is shown in Table 2; there was a highly significant negative correlationt = -3.49, P =-0.0004) between k and 1. This is not abnormal among char in Norwegianakes.

The char spawn in the lakes; according to the local farmers and to our own observa-tions, the sea»laiing are.ns are shalloT: water m alons the shores, but the areaaround the outlet of the River Bjraa into Lake- Ringoatnet is avoided.

3.1.3 Summary

-The condition and arowth of trout'ana char aid not appear to be abnormal in the two

lakes; population as-nsi'6y and pErsit,;.s appz-arca to be he mejor factors of importancein controlling the growth rate.

EIFAC/T29

3.2 Status of the Fiche

The fishing riEhs c.re h-1ci b fa?:0E.rs th.6 leYsi around the lakesc

but not all, cf -cha ZaT:msrr a=e cro.en:seC. t:11GT, .3..s'ssociE,ticn which sells sportfishing licences_ foz thE le 1,1 11.ET0 30 Psr ,reek aHdF.Kr. 50 for The yerre T,,To ala hired out Et 17.Yr. 3 er hour9 but many of the snortfishermen use their otria'DCE,,YZ, Tle tOtEl :11.C.Caa Zraa the sale cl;: fishing licences andboat hire is Eround I,T.Kr 3 000-5 000 In 1976 the sale of licences producedN.Kr. 3 550 an-1 the hiring of the two boats, 'PAL'. 750.

When the ice melts in Nay, fishinz vi-ta s-iline.ts in shallmr va-ter is very good in bothlakes, with both broun trout E.::1C. C1E72 oiur takno Hoever2 the good catches only lastfor a few days and rapidly dii.nih3.7.1.Z:23E,,ft:_-, ID late r,prialg and in the summer, sportfishing continues roa End lfh.:e use of otters and spinners) and two peoplefish for char with floating gillnets in the autumn, gillnet fishing for trout and charis again good and continues on a small scale until the lakes freeze over in November. Inthe winter, there is considerable sport fishing through the ice with jiggers and baitedhooks; most of the catch is char.

The total catch per year in the two lakes is unknown, but the data obtained indicatea total yield of between 3-4 kg per hectare per year for both lakes combined, which isquite good for Norwegian trout and char lakes. The best data for catch/effort wereobtained from one of the farmers who had recorded daily catch from his fishing the LakeHostovatnet since March 1969; the figures in Table 4 were calculated from this source.

In summary, although there are no quantitative data available on the size of thetrout and the char population in these lakes, it appears that they are considered to begood sportfisheries.

3.3 Life in ' L em

A general investigation ofinvestigated w.e. not one of thebeen made in orf...?" to give a bridates and type of sampling are

3.3.1 River

At its lc- nd iltering the lake, thc iver BjØraa consisted of small poolsand riffles wi clear wa: - flowing over a bed cosisting mainly of sand and stones ofdifferent sized end Thich -!as '7.!-Yvol,EfL a thin layer of ferric 4ydro:17:ide. Thefauna was e:i.-omely ,)cor and esniplf_n_--: hsnanet rssulted in only 2 Chironomidae .

larvae, 2 Trichoptera larvae and 1 z: ! these groups are more resistantthan fish to zinc a: ' copper pollutic Otne 3 animals were not found.

3.3.2 RivEJ.:

At its lcer end: email et,..ea,u1 eonteined o:.ear uator flouing through emailpools and rifflec? -t-e S':;20C-rf_ reoet1 of ele-ea sand email stonss arad Travsl.The samp2s. of the bottom fenno o1anad E IICYC.23. uooulation: containing 120 sueolmons ofPlecootera lar7as, 65 T,ohems-o:oteou- c:7 CYtouomides 1-=rvas, 94 Kmulidao larvasand a smell nrmbei- o: othu onmoo, alo oen,

3.3.3 - ,gvatnet and Ho

In t:eero cc 7,oLT ':;et-iuon tuo leb:soy either from amorphometrio or o bicJo;),sa.! viepoint- doesviuitou tberefore2to both the lehso,

4

general biology of the lakes and rivers in the system»Dots of the project Hovever a few observations have. .dePcrintion of the general biological conditions. The

Table 5.

4.2 Sampling ara

4.2.1 Sampling stai;ions

T:edures

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Pi2ux-s I shows the 002i-AOU of th:- ssmling ststio.oF; sta'Aulls D, and C are siliztednostreani of the hfeah minlng are's- anì on1F noiww A kiJ:r 1?..; anflheneed

oecasiomdly by dfailiaEs J:rom some dspoLI:.ts on whs. 31.16S17. 3Z the cle wen-tinge.

Gru- :men receives the water T-7 : ,-1- the

fleets the . )st heavily polluted localf. t tills -.-aL?..:- .:.;

diluted some-,,;hat by e clean tl-abuter: ., 2-6E:71=were .1 .ed jus'c before the River Bj,..:7

Lang .1.......s chosen to provide data c:..1 t:.-

EIFAC/T29

The bed of the littoral zone in the lakes mainly covered with stone and sand.Some places, however, also contained a thicker of organic material which was onlypartly mineralized. There was a relatively spar. goowth along the shore of Equisetumfluviatile, Nymphea alba and Menyanthes trifoliata.

The samples of phytoplankton taken in June and August were relatively poor both quanti-tatively as well as in the number of species present. The most important groups were theblue-green alga, Oscillatoría sp., the green alga Glceocystis sagas and the diatom Synedraof tenera. The zooplankton was fairly rich and the dominatin2 species was the copepodCyclops scutifer. The phyllopod Bosmina longispina was also present, while the copepodsDiaptomus denticorinis and Heterocope saliens were sparsely found. Of the rotatoria,Kellicottia longispina and Polyarthra vulgaris were abundant. Bottom samples taken at 1,

2 and 4 m depth in August showed that the fauna at th2s time was poor with Mainly chirono-mids present; the greatest abundance was recorded in Lake Ringvatnet where 3 200 specimenswere found per m square at 1 m depth. In addition, a few oligochaetes and Trichopteralarvae were found. The apparent absence of molluscs end o2-ustacea mey be an indication ofheavy metal pollution, but insufficient samples were tstn to fo:fo EDT definite conclusions.

4. WATER CHEMISTRY

4.1 Introduction

Initially it was decided to make routine anal;-si,s 2H -21ne, ..:-enductivity, water hard-

ness, organic carbon: col)Per: cinc and ifonc qree'e elso f.ncluded later in

the prograriae; in additipn, analer, w:rs ai,7fts c2 w7tss- -e,teristics inorder to obtain a meacurc of

atation D, therefore:,t swe.tion T the ,:rsta:c is

oonioenT:ati=lof-L,he pcllutantsStation 2 on the River

ue fc_ heavy metals in the area

Stations R 1-9 and H 1-16 are situztod in Lake Ringvatoet and Lake Hostovatnet respec-tively, as shown in Figure 1. The outlets o2 Lake Rin,;vaTnt and Lake Hostovatnet are rep-resented by stations 4 and 5 respectively.

4.2.2 Frequency of sampling

An overall survey was carried out on 18 July 1575; samples were taken from a .,arge num-ber of stations in the water system on this date: to cbtain an indication of the extent andmagnitude of the pollu-uion at the different localities, and at different depths in the lakes.

The routine sampling programme began on 12 October 1575 and ended on 27 August 1576.It was planned that sampling should tnke place every 14 days, but because of extremely dif-ficult weather conditions during the vinter it was impossible to keep to this schedule andno samples were taken between 10 December and 30 January.

EIFAC /129

4.2.3 Sampling procedures and analytical methods

Samples for heavy metal analysis were collected in specially washed 25 ml vials andacidified with nitric acid. Samples for other analyses were taken in polyethylene bottles.Sampling in the lakes was carried out using a Ruttner water sampler.

A short description of the analytical methods used, the detection limits and the unitsused for the routire programme are outlined in Table 6. Analyses for heavy metals, otherthan zinc, were carried out using flameless atomicabsorption spectrophotometry (AAS); zincwas analysed by flame AAS. The sampling and analytical procedures used for heavy metals arethose used and validated at FIVA (Henriksen and Balmer, 1977 (in press)) and reliable resultsare obtained at levels close to the detection limits. The 55 percent confidence interval fordifferences between the standard deviation of paired samples from 38 localities in Norway isshown in Table 7. Two samples were taken for analysis from each locality and stored in sepa-rate bottles (Henriksen, Balmer and Wright, 1976).

In this investigation the analytical results for the heavy metals have a lower limit of1 .11g/1 for copper, 0.05 3ig/1 for cadmium and less than 10 ,ug/1 for zinc.

4.2.4 Chemical state of copper

A sample of water was collected from Lake Ringvatnet on 6 July 1976 and libjected to

ultrafiltration to determine the extent to which copper was bound to humic components inthe water. An Amicon ultrafiltration cell with UM2 and UM10 filters was used for this pur-pose; these filters will retain substances with molecular weights greater than 1 000 and10 000 respectively. From previous experience, lees than 10 percent of the natural watersoluble humic matter will pass an UM10 filter (Gjessing, 1976). Copper ions bound to com-pounds of high molecular weight will thus be retained by the filter while the "available"copper ions (free ions or ions bound to small molecules) will pass through with the filtrate.In each experiment, a 500 ml sample was filtered under 4.5 atm /12 pressure until 50 ml re-mained. Copper concentrations were measured by AAS. The concentration of "available" copperwas determined directly in the filtrate, while the concentration of copper bound to humicsubstances was calculated from the copper concentration of the sample remaining in the cell,with corrections made for the presence of "available" copper.

4.3 Results

4.3.1 General chemistry

Data from the initial survey made on 18 July are shown in Tables 8 and 9; results ofanalyses not included in the routine pro 4 le are shown in Tables 10 and 11. Results of theanalyses included in the routine progrz_le shown in Tables 1A-9A in the Appendix.

The water in the two lakes has a relatively low suspended solids content with mean tur-bidity values of 0.7 JTU. It is palo yellowbrown with colour values of 46 mg pt/1 in La-heRingvatnet and slightly lower in Lake Hostovatnet (39 mg pt/1)1/. The single determinationof permanganate value in July 1975 was 2.8 mg 02/1. The colour, the high colourvalues andthe low turbidity values indicate that most of the organic matter is probably present ashumic components.

6

1/ The contents of organic matter measured as organic carbon were 5.4 and 4.3 mg C/1in the two lakes respectively

7

EIFAC/T29

The lake waters have a mean value of about 7; only when the snow melts in the

spring is a lower value (about 6) measured in the surface waters. The mineral content

is rather low and conductivity values are about 60 JaS/cm. Mean water hardness values

were 19.0 and 17.4 mg CaC0.1/1 for Lake Ringvatnet and Lake Hostovatnet respectively and

the fluctuations appear -Who relatively small. The content of other minerals such as

sodium and potassium gave mean values of about 3.6 and 0.50 mg/1 respectively for both

lakes; the manganese content was about 23 pg/1. Concentrations of chloride and sulphate

were 6.3 and 4.7 mg/1 respectively.

Nitrate and total phosphorus was found in concentrations of about 50 and 11 jag/1 N, andP respectively, which indicates a slight nutrient enrichment from human and agriculturalactivity within the catchment area. An approximate estimate of the biomass of planktonicalgae was obtained from chlorophyll a analysis; mean values were about 4.6 pg/i in the lakesduring JuneAugust 1976, indicating that algal production was rather low.

Measurements of dissolved oxygen were made in the two lakes on 17 March 1976 atwhich time the values are normally at their lowest in Norwegian lakes; data are shown inTable 12. The values found of 5.7 mg 02/1 in the upper 15 m indicates that the oxygendemand in winter is small.

4.3.2 Heavy metals

Results of analyses for heavy metals are shown in Tables 1A-9A in the Appendix.Figure 2 illustrates the zinc and copper content of the water from various sampling stationsin the water system. In the region upstream of Gruvedammen, the content of zinc and copperis low, with the exception of some higher values from the stream at A which may be contami-nated occasionally from drainage from mining deposits. The mean values of zinc and copperin the 3j)rtj5nna (13), <10 and 6.5 )ag/1 respectively, can be taken as background values.The concentrations found in the River Langbekken (2) were <10 and 4.3 pg/1 for zinc and cop-per respectively, which are similar to those found in unpolluted streams elsewhere inNerway and can also be considered as background values.

The highest concentration of heavy metals occurs at the outlet of the GruvedaJmnen; inJuly 1575 the concentrations were 1 550 dug Zn/1 and 1 040 ,ug Cu/l. Further down the systemthe concentrations decline as a result of precipitation and dilution; the mean concentra-tion in the River Bjraa before it enters Lake Ringvatnet were 294 and 169 ug/1 for zincand copper respectively.

The Percentile distribution of concentrations of copper ard zinc found in the RiverB,*aa and Lake Ringvatnet are shown in Figure 3 and it appears that they conform to anormal distribution.

The mean values of zinc and copper in Lake Ringvatnet were 88 and 43 11g/1 respectively,and were 77 and 38 ug/1 respectively at the outlet. Lake Hostovatnet contained lower zincand copper concentrations, mean values being 44 and 22 ug/1 respectivelyinthelake but 51 and24 .ug/1 respectively at the outlet. Analyses of cadmium gave near concentrations of 0.56and 0.47,ge 1 in Lake Ringvatnet and Lake Hostovatnet respectively; concentration of leadmeasured on a single occasion was 1 and 2,ug/1 for the two lakes respectively.

The results of the analyses made on a single sample subjected to ultrafiltration, asdescribed in Section 4.2.4, are given in Table 13. No significant difference was foundbetween the results from the two grades of filter used. -

Although the results indicate that about 86 percent of the copper was bound to humicsubstances and other microparticles, the total copper concentration found was about31 }Le.,/1 for the 13142 filtered samples, compared with 42 ig./1 from an analysis in the originalsample. It would appear that a substantial proportion of the copper was absorbed onto thefiltration apparatus and the original state of that copper is not known. If it were all

- 8 -

EIFAC/T29

"available" coccer. thoa the atal reroent "horrel be t3 perc ; if i part"available" ana 'bound", then ths le6a1 ,,beuna" would bb betvis a 63 and C5 rs..isent.

HEAVY METAL COETEET OF FISH

The copper and zinc contents of fish from River Bj, f6rna and the two lakes are shownin Table 14. The aat, aad ere too fs.7 to a rigorous statisticalanalysis to be attem-stod e7 A. roune. in other similar studies.In ary monitorirg :_ecelso.ry tc analyse large numbers offish fn osiasr to nce ofe.:-rations significantly greater than back-ee»elrld ;21r00.

D-P,i)CUSSTO1

The EIFAC Te7rfr.recs 011:!_ T2T prcposals for the meeeimum 95 yer-oan;ile scnsees a; f on- fcr .7-s- :1i"1: -7hioh fisheries yi1l becomehaimed sellsesr.7?,s, re =2 irtc accoulit tbehlieran:es :, is fis the cor-res:cn'Lass s s_ et- '7 tt se-hd 1,..s

-alues for take intoac

It is cIea- osr- s-s-ye- 1.7 ee-e-.--sd the EI5i:s.c.;reli C"s- aris ao-e shr rs ep:ahs_steseecis thee., levels.,

r%0 C. . E

_ :'

",

rfj"_-,, 1.1`,-27 E ,

T,E7 - . r 101- sC.r1r.F-11 i:cTekLe iC cb.es

- - C.::: Fie:_3117 r-,,Cj and

fecti7,r 'Le i:1 the lei3sse lied become,ef.aptsd. -cc, the corcarte-eti 1:-_°.esis.3.r'c. le 1:-.aci.-rh. that the iccouca -trout

..n so---717T leter ste_ae:. there isthst s.:euies can acciCerd ice. C 3r)"1,36116'.:E1-ilk011.L: OF zinc he.gher ths.7ri those

proty.-ssidin it're ble-eJra crouP spa-sr succisissr.hellz- the _River Forma-sue o TZ-2:17S sociirs.i.,--c Is similes- to the:t fou.isia

the 1E.11G-- 111EC brITS:r"r" _71 -67-70 C cade ccuucgc t7_11,1:1;"? lifs cycle there,The ossebilï1y of aes'lims cise...-cfcsii is no% cut: ae5.7.orint Op the 17:01D-:,,s26. FF11:LC standardsfor coll-a-Gan'cs bEicauss alues coula as e be,e-rf.she to icn.griestic-n.

A third factor to be ei.17-e.-el into 0000unt te the percentils dietr-i_bution cC concentrationsof copper end sins eil-)oub the ealus. fiah Pcii.2uleticns meT ce eZfected by a7erage or msanconcentret-_ons 3f a colluiant, be. duch ao e tie bs lipated by sporadic hi gd1 con,centrations yhich PL2y fei e ':rJ:?ao'ent t: ne to -a':ec. hera: ';c the fish, Firidsincs frompolluted risse saggestethat the ition c72 Slutant concentrations may be log-normalwith 95 Des ochtile -eluss beinz ehcr..-5 :'cor t:_mes higher then ths 50 ercentile; this isreflesed u o.he limasinc eaue- 17 --,eluss in F,IFC/T27.This relasor prcaicts uCd t' e e°7tf.nea on e 170'rEi --if -0051s in a

9

EI7AC T29

year) :ould b, ,7 tdrias sbh see -1 U. re a Lah: aa tsa: a -dLa he Hostoa7-1T -12; a-res 1:3,S CL bLoc4i:_a e_t ;eat- " , E 1;"1:;. t; L :2,11 "(LE 5 5""; p-s.Gentile ualasi of tbe -2.,j(hss sz f bs- Lse a,- E bsih: o a-- 2,-'2 t,5C 1:,s-s ea:dulls e :ins Ylus. ud e dl cr Sb ,h: - s het L s ,11 E ; 1 " '1,95 oancer_tila, implyhns that 6F- ado: z-sh, .n-old Las L, -se hi,las. 2E] S L )--E; ;;;-]; " L. f E: E E

eile valusa as thcse hbta-nsal shesse T6 -62;

the sroail tdrsh "C:LE ;LS- :Es.? S: ;E;-,""E I ; fE ESS:- f SS ;:consent: t ohs:would o tainly ' ' in thf

aoc 11:

be the nresen:s z.thsa ..7se.1,..,:brz a- "ba_sno LS Les, -er z -,dess sassf Li Y cotedferric 1-7.f:sus:Lode bass be f_.7.,:,],1":1 :-;"" : SES: ;];; _ . ];t L :21E

EZLE; - b:lrs La- , .s ra -tse: c h -ea, 1:,'; so18 July, nisinz to 6_ z-z T72T2.. :Si ;":L 2 sr, dan lo:n. e7n-ah'S a tscede

O. 77 and 0,L1,5 mg/ A-17 Enc: _11a, babi --a s e :;-ed -h;_th a t.h:ble '2a:,nerof precipitated farzho byfi-shsede, Jc uen seh-E ,b : E". E sf eiSheuof the two lahes. Huse soh; ths ez -se fielio es derh tc the uyaut of its enIty intothe lahe, aflA GhE lcwe oegioas tire ,Ff,,,C-; 72.:2SEL:` ;;S-'"ue:E-E;(]_ a h,d's -ss lihely ro besmall. Msenrable cencenthations cif both tad...amp. lsad -es, al so Coused del cha lahes Lots'c,

again the concentrations are probably sonsidorabl7 lEas Ihsn. the li!qirin,s,- valises for thesemetals.

A further complicating factor m?,7 a the maximum 95 percentile values for z7.1-1c r_

copper given in EIFAC/T21 and T27 ai no efre-ci: all:I It is 1DosEib1e that t:so

bined toxicities of the i:atals at tl7ese lel-els ,--e lias then E.f.Z.7 '0-'7c.: : e.::: fact they

independently. This is a,2 e:-ea -7here moL e r e's es- (h

Both acclimatization and concentration distribution could account for the presence ofgood fisheries J.n Lehc, Rinswat_let E DC1 Lahe t at co,c,.-31.1e(f-,, 2Inc auct s000er

slightly highe-2 than yhose be sed OD ETFAC/Ti T27. :do anre the stechdes13 must bs closeto the true limiti-ns valu since 7he-2eas a-E (11111-p_C 95 oarcert2de/us,buod95 percentile) was 2.0 := 1.2 fc,r iesh 7ostovatnet u: 1-River Bje-a --as fis;Iless a to-,a1 of 5 4 711 C :1,?"2 E,old

outflow of this rtraum into Lbs lahe, 1.euusiss of -Inc anC_ Lo-pe-.: at T,115h

fisheries begin to be affectec-, mE7 pnJy he F,J7t-sTil: y'r-lar, those .7,v2±-1 10 LEC

Ringvatnet.

7. CONCLUSIONS

The result of sh ssudies undeL within this :h., ojact h::sa ',-hrse main im7,:lioa-

tiout, Tiryr shsu- thas, the 11-T'."]1:( SS"3 -:S.1];E s :hou eis oh TTbbks;t2.1 ena P-

not seriousl.,7 in error, and-1G el-, 3-, 1- 3: 2. -6,- co:Sb,-1: the distvibutiob of boas: sbhe,zsce at lhas, hdbh, -rana

soluble or.sanio mcts-ciel eopzer, and ::(::::oshtisatisn shen Tba a;uarsher z-e-Ehohscethe: simoortance cf Inc 31)2 2.11;.7, 7" C. Cr :-ir zr.

re. :e

to fie'h7 soatsool zn: cocan: - usliu-',iarh boa:d s a csts' zaL,t,b -sobo:h,u- -oh: be uhnssse,:asfilez-

stringent n: a mars: --h-cszoort:ian oz L;L.T.:;E:" --ESS DL.]::]"]; ES tesssoehoozenicoomplehes, Ths un2,erlihete :sbe :LE2,1 fCs- 7.. I anE..? 'ohr--i4 7_,E1 -es nasd ih don:s-

toring linhsd SE1 a-,,cuzate

esocinatse" dash ba hdf,a ,Lf .;bs ELL- ob :I:- r 'Cht eda pallreonr Csthd. Pina'slythshe sh no_O to ash: f 2: E "L szO so. dehte-oafshla af

Canfd -t esfelL::- o e:tb. *h h - : 7 7 os.,;bha 'es: :unsaa..sn: snd ,-eEent c,70ror che- fectusseo-,7 -hico thE s tc be rhhe c- ohafhd carC ti de.

10

EIFAC/T29

ACIaUWLEDGEMMTS

The authors are greatly indebted to Mrs. Merete Johannessen for carrying out the ultra-filtration analysis of copper, to Mr. Vikto Olsen for permission to use his data on trout

from 1968 and for his help with electrofishing, and to Mr. and Mrs. Knut M. Sandvik,

Mr. Ola J. Hoston, Mr. Johan Vaula and many other residents in the area for their kindassistance.with the project.

REFERENCES

EIFAC/T21 European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, Working Party on Water Quality

1973 Criteria for European Freshwater Fish. Report on Zinc and Freshwater Fish. FAO

EIFAC/T27, European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission Working Party on Water Quality

1976 Criteria for European Freshwater Fish. Report on Copper and Freshwater Fish,

FAO

Gjessing, E., Physical and chemical characteristics of aquatic humus. Ann Arbor, Mich.

1976 Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., 120 pp.

Henriksen, A., Automation in analytical chemistry, Vol. 1. Pew York, Medial Incorporated,

1966 1967:568-72

Henriksen, A. and K. Balmer, Sampling, preservation and storage of water samples for analysis(in press) of metals. Vatten 33:

Henriksen, A. and A.R. SelmerOlsen, Automatic methods for determining nitrate and nitrite in

1970 water and soil extracts. Analyst 95:514-81

Henriksen, A. and I.M. BergmannPaulsen, An automatic method for determining sulphate in1974 natural soft water and precipitation. Vatten 30:187-92

Henriksen, A., K. Balmer and R. Wright, Tungmetaller i sma norskt innsjder. Norwegian

1976 Institute for Water Research. Int. rep. B2-20, 1976:55 pp.

Montgomery, H.A.C. and I.C. Hart, The design of sampling programmes for rivers and effluents.

1974 Wat.Pollut.Control, 73(1), 77-101

Murphy, J. and J.P. Riley, A singlesolution method for the determination of soluble phos-1958 phate in sea water. J.mar.biol.ass.U.K., 37:9-14

Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf, The principles and practice of statistics in biological research.1969 Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 776 pp.

Table

1

Back-calculated length of brown trout at each age year

Lake and

year

of capture

''No.

13

1611

11

3+2

3.6

5.9

14.7

4+6

3.4

8.0

12.7

18.4

L. Ringvatnet

5+19

4.0

8.7

14.2

19.4

24.9

1968

6+16

4.3

8.9

13.6

19.5

25.4

30.5

7+3

3.9

903

14.3

18.4

22.6

26.3

33.0

84.

48.

114

.117

.022

.528

.635

.039

,13+

24.

311

,225

.24

4.9

9.8

16.1

27.1

L. Ringvalnet

54.

69.

414

.221

.225

.6

1976

64.

68.

313

.118

.026

.534

.38

3.1

7.2

12.8

19.9

27.4

32.4

36.1

39.2

23.

66.

113

.020

.726

.431

.436

.841

.845

.249

.453

.356

.73

2.8

6.7

16.0

4+a

3.9

8.2

13,3

19.3

51-

193.

58.

313

.518

.624

.3.ostovatnet

L+

173.

36.

312

.717

.722

.527

.419

687+

253.

67.

712

.016

.922

.426

.330

.88+

43.

78.

112

.117

.722

.227

.131

.334

.4c/

i_1

3.8

8.6

12.2

-21

.727

.031

.936

.438

.14+

34.

89.

713

.824

.45+

74.

69.

115

.622

.630

.L.Hostovatnet

1.97

66+

53.

67.

011

.617

.123

.029

.47+

35.

29.

313

.715

.324

.130

.033

.5

EIFAC/T29

- 12-

Table 2

The "condition" of trout and char from the lakes

Lake

L. Ringvatnet

L. Hostovatnet

L. Hostovatnet

Species

Trout

Trout

Char 25.4-36.1

Date

31.5-1.6' 1976

1.6.76

3-5.7.76 60 0.938 0.00660.84-1.04 5.4

Table 3

Mean lengths of char at different ages

Locality

L. Hostovatnet

Age

4

5

6

7

L. Ringvatnet

3

4

5

6

7

8

12

27

10

6

2

7

6

2

1

1

Length range

25.4-28.626.1-30.627.6-30.229.2-36.124.5-27.727.8-30.829.1-31.234.1-37.0

Mean length

26.9

27.928.832.726.1

29.229.8

35.6

36.235.2

F Length range Hange Me Std. errorof mean

45 23.6-56.7 0.80-1.09 0.902 0.0117 8.6

18 24.4-34.6 0.81,-1.10 0.942 0.0164 7.4

Floating gillnets:

- 13 -

EIFAC/T29

Table 4

Catch/effort data for Lake Hostovatnet

Gillnets set on the bottom:

1969

1970

1971

50

24

82

368

85

449

10

8

4

74.921.0

97.3

1.50

0.881.19

1972 30 248 17 55.8 1.86

1973 53 417 21 99.9 1.38

1974 42 400 15 97.8 2.33

1975 22 80 8 35.0 1.59

Total: 303 2 047 83 481.7 1.59

Period Effort Yo. char Yo. trout Total wt. Wt./Effort

May-69 28 47 20 14.8 0.53

" -70 14 12 40 14.5 1.04" -71 8 9 27 9.8 1.23

" -72 12 18 15 8.3 0.69ii .73 12 5 48 14.4 1.20

" -74 12 6 55 15.0 1.2511..75 16 3 18 5.1 0.32

Total: 102 100 223 81.9 0.80

Autumn-69 4 3 24 6.7 1.68

-7o 12 4 26 8.6 0.72tl -71 4 3 2.9 0.73

-72 16 5 61 18.9 1.18

I/ -73 10 1 23 6.3 0.63It -74 12 1 23 6.0 0.50

Total: 58 23 160 49.4 0.85

Table

Biological sampling in the Ri gvatnet water system, 1976

Type of sampling

Method used

Locality

Bjyraa

(1)

Langbekken

(2)

Ringvatnet

Hostovatnet

Phytoplankton

Littoral vegetation

Zooplankton

Bottom invertebrates

Hand net (25 A mesh size)

hauled in the surface

Sampling by hand

Hand net

(95_

u)hauled

from

8m depth to surface

Hand net (250

u)and bottom grab

17 June

17 June

4July

27 Aug.

27 Aug.

4July

27 Aug.

27 Aug.

4July

27 Aug.

27 Aug.

4July

27 Aug.

27 Aug.

pH

Spec, el. conductivity

Total organic carbon

Parameter

KMn04 -number

Col our

TUrbidity

Ortho-phosphate

Total phosphorus

Nitrate

Total nitrogen

Sulphate

Silicate

Chloride

Calcium

Magnesium

Sodium

Potassium

Zinc

ManEanese

Copper

Cadmium

Lead

Iron

Oxygen

Chlorophyll a

1. Murphy and Riley (1958); 2. Henriksen (1966) 3. Henriksen and Selmer-Olsen (19704. Henriksen and Bergmann-Paulsen (1974)

Detection Undtelimits

Orion pH-meter. Model 701

»S/cm Philips PW 9501

0.2 .mg/1 mg C/1 Oceanography International and oxidationwith persulphate, analysis of CO2 in IRspectrophotometer

0.5 Mg/1 mg 0/1 Oxidation with permanganate. Titration byhand

5 mg/1 mg Pt/1 Filter photometer, filter 601. Hazencolour scale

2 lag/1

2 Itc;/1

10 J-10-

10 Pei0.2 mg/1

0.2 mg/1

0.2 mg/1

0.01 mg/1

0.001mg/1

0.01 mg/1

0.01 mg/1

10 )-1g/1

1 31g/1

. Table /95 percent confidence intervals for Ahe standard deviation ofIhe difference between values obtained for pairs of samples

- 15 -

EIFAC/T29

Table 6

Chemical and biochemical methods used in the analysis of water samples(Hardness is calculated from Ca and Mg and given as mg CaCO /1)

Method - analytical instrument

95% confidence interval Zn: 3.1-4.9 Cu: 1.6-2.4 Pb: 0.6-0.9 Cd: 0.10-0.16

JTU Hach turbidimeter. Model 2100 A

»g P/1 Auto Analyzer (1)

pg P/1 Ii Oxidation to orthorTho phate

pg N/1 (3)

11g. N/1 U.V. oxidized and analysed as NO

mg SO4/1 Auto Analyzer (4)

mg 0i02/1It i (2)

mg C1/1 (2)

mg Ca/1 Atomic abS. Perkin-Elmer Model 306

mg Mg/1

mg Nall Ir

mg K/1

ng Zn/1

Mn/1 Atomic abs. Perkin-Elmer Model 300 SG,graphite cell HGA 72

ug Cu/1 It

jig Cd/1

ug Pb/1 I? Ti

ug Fe/1 Auto Analyzer. TPT2 method

mg 02/1 Modified Winkler method

ug C.A./1 Spectrophotometric. Trichromatic

1

0.05 ug/1

0.5 pz/1

10 ug/1

0.1 mg/1

1 pE/1

EIFAC/T29 - 16 -Table 8

Chemical analysis of samples from Lake Ringvatnetand Lake Hostovatnet and feeder streams, 18 July 1975

(Samples R1-9 and Hi-16 taken at 1 m depth except where shown otherwiseStation Nos: see Fig. 2

*Abnormal values; not used in mean value calculations

Station .

No. pHConductivity

uS/cm

KMn04-no.

mg 0/1

Total organiccarbonmg C/1

Ca

mg/1

Mg

mg/1

Cu

pg/1

Zn

pg/1

Fe

}1g/1

1 7.0 56 1.8 2.0 10.2 1.3 174 350 450

4 7.3 46 2.8 3.5 6.5 0.9 38 75 125

5 7.1 46 2.8 3.5 5.6 0.9 22 50 25

D 4.7 114 2.2 2.5 10.8 2.4 1040 1550 1450

C 6.9 47 4.0 6.0 8.1 0.7 19 25 650

E 6.5 53 0.6* 3.5 6.4 1.0 260 460 775

al 7.0 48 3.6 5,0 6.4 0.8 38 70 125

2 7.2 50 3.0 5.5 6.4 0.9 38 70 125

3 7.2 47 2.2 4-5 6.7 0.8 38 70 125

4 7.2 48 2,5 4.0 6.4 0.9 41 70 125

5 7.2 48 2.8 4.0 6.4 0.9 46 95 125

5 (10 m) 7.2 48 1.6 3.5 6.4 0,8 42 90 756 6.5 49 3.1 5.0 6.5 0.9 51 90 125

b (10 m) 6.8 48 3.2 3.5 6.4 0.8 38 Bo 100

7 6.9 48 3,() 5.0 6-5 0.9 42 75 125

8 7.2 47 2.0 4.5 6.7 0.9*

232*400*

c, 7.2.. 48 2.4 4.0 6.4 0.9 43 85 125

H1 7.2 45 3,4 3.5 5.9 0.8 21 40 752 7.2 45 3,0 3.5 5.9 0.8 24 50 753 7,2 45 3.8 3.0 5.7 0.8 22 45 50

4 7.2 44 2.7 3.0 5.7 0.8 33 70 75

4(10 6.9 43 2.8 3.0 5.7 0,8 23 60 25

5 7.2 45 3,5 5.9 0.8 22 60 75

7 7.1 45 2.3 4,0 5.9 0.8 40 80 758 7.2 44 3.5 5.9 0,8 39 75 75

8 (i0 m) 6.8 45 3.0 3.0 5.7 0.8 32 70 25

9 7.2 45 3.3 3.5 5.7 0.8 31 60 7510 7.1 45 2.9 4.5 5.9 0.8 33 75 7511 7.2 45 2.8 3.5 5.9 0.8 22 50 25

12 7.0 46 3.2 3.5 5.9 0.8 22 50 50

12 (10 m) 6.8 44 3.6 3.0 5.9 0.8 28 65 50

13 7.2 45 2.9 3.5 5.9 0.8 35 80 75

14 7.1 45 2.3 4.0 6.0 0.8 27 60 50

15 7,1 45 2,6 3.5 5,9 0,8 21 50 75

16 7.3 46 2.4 3.5 5,7 0.8 27 80 75

Table

9

Summary of chemical analysis from Lake Ringvatnet and Lake Hostovatnet,

18 J

uly

1975

Mean values, range standard deviation (SD) and number of analysis from 1 metre depth

Locality

Mean

Range

Ringvatnet

SD

No. of

analysis

Mean

Range

Hostóvatnet

SD

7.1

6.9-

7.2

0.13

7.2

45

7.0-

7.3

45-4

60.

070.

7N

o. o

fanalysis

1515

Conductivity

K-no.

Total org.

Ca

Mg

Cu

Zn

Fe

carbon

mg/01

mg/C1

mg/1

mg/1

g/1

p.g/1

g/1

482.

84.

66.

50.

8842

7812

5

47-4

92.

0-3.

64.

0-5.

56.

4-6.

70.

8-0.

938

-43

70-9

512

5

0.9

0.57

0.54

0.1

0.04

4.6

10.3

0

2.9

2.3-

3.8

0.44

5.9

0.8

28

5.7-

6.0

0.8

21-4

0

0.1

06.

7

6267

40-8

025

-75

1415

1515

Parameter

Orthophosphate,

P/1

Totalphosphate, yg P/1

Nitrate,

pg N/1

Totalnitrogen,

jig N/1

Chloride,

mg C1/1

Sulphate,

mg SO4/1

Silicate,

mg S-

Colour,

mg Pt/1

Turbidity,

JTU

Sodium,

mg Wa/1

Potassium,

mg K/1

Manganese,

pg in/1

Lead,

}rig

Pb/1

Chlorophyll a

Pdi

Table 10

Results of analyses of water samples from Lake Ringvatnet (R5) and Lake Hostovatnet (H8), 1976

not included in the routine programme

A.

Ringvatnet

32

11.2

Apra25

Máy 23

June 8

June 17

June 22

JulY 4

July 18

Aug.15

Aug.27

3.5

<2

42

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

2

16

7.5

12

810

18

11

78

70

loo

60

10

10

260

900

255

255

310

280

180

6.3

6.0

6.5

5.0

4.3

4.8

1.6

1.6

0.5

57

46

33

49

0.7

0.7

3.5

4.0

3.4

0.44

0.51

0.51

13

24

3.6

3.4

'25

f),.0Pohosi,hL-,te,

vgP/1

.72

.i'oGalphosphaue,

P/1

Uitrate,

?_L

gU/1

Totalrit ogen,

r/1

230

Chloride,

mg C1/1

Sulphate,

mg SO

1,

Silicate,

ri00/1

Colour,

mg P2/1

Turbidity,

JTU

Sodium,

mg P.a/1

Potassium,

mg K/1

Manganese,

Mn/1

Lead

gPb/1

PF11

Chlorophyll a,

Table 10

Results of analyses of Icrater samples from Lake Ringvatnet (R5) and Lake Hostovatnet (H8),

1976

not included in the routine programme

B.

Hostovatnet

Ringvatnet

No.of

Hostovatnet

Range

SD

analysis

Mean

Range

<2

<2-4

10

<2

<2-3

_.

10.8

7.18

3.9

912.9

5-25

7.3

<10-100

39

<10-60

50

533

26

349

180-900

246

7290

215-53

11 9

6.4

504-7.3

6.3

6.3-6.5

0.3

3

4.7

4.3-5.0

0.4

34.6

4.0-5.1

1.2

0.5-1.6

0.6

31.4

.3-1.5

46.3

33-57

10

439.3

31-5

110

.40.7

0.7

20.7

0.7

3.6

3.4-4.00.3

33.6

3.5-3.7

0.49

0.44-0.51

4.0

30.51

0.49-0.52

23

13-32

905

322

14-30

11

2

2.7

102-3.6

1.3

32.5

2.3-2.7

Parameter

Locality and date

0tho -phosphate,

jig P

Total-phosphate, pg P/1

Nitrato,

pg N/1

Total-nitrogen,

ugN/1

Chloride,

mg C1/1

Sulphate,

mg 504/1

Silicate,

mg Si02/1

Colour,

mg Pt/1

Turbidity,

ZIT

odium,

mg Nall

Potassivm,

mg K/1

ManLase,:

)1g.

MI1

/1

Lea

dpg Pb/1

Chlorophyll

»el

Table 11

ummary of results of analyses of water sauCtes from

Lalce Rix,,vatnet (R5) and

Lake Hostovatnet (H8), 1976 not includ(A

in the routine

rogramme

Mean values, rancP,standard deviation (SD)

and roamber of analysis from 1 metre depth

No.of

anaJysi.s

9 8 4 6 2 2 2 3 2 2 2

Table 12

Dissolved oxygen concentrations in Lake Ringvatnet (R6) andLake Hostovatnet (H4) 17 March 1976

Filter

Locality DepthIn

2.5

R6 15

25

H4

2.5

9

15

21

Temperatureoc Oxygenmg/1

Copper analyses on a sample c water taken from Lake Ringvatnet

"Available°' Cu i "BounfC, Cu/0 'Bouill"

EIFAC/T29

UM10 3.5 24.3 88

(UM2 4.3 26.6 86

Duplicate test((UM2 4.3 26.6 86

EIFAC/T29

6.7.76

6.7.76

6.7.76

Char 40.0

Char 31.5

Trout 27.5

Trout

Char 23.5

Char

Trout 19.5

Trout

Trout

31.5 330

27.0

19.0

- 22-

Table 14

Metal contents in fish samples

Locality

17.6.76

17.6.76

8.7.76

Species Length

25.630.622.323.023.918.723.222.821.3

22.322.623.5

6,9 28925 305

32 376

4.9 33827 315

24 992

1310388

Mixed sample

830 ? MuscleLiverKidney

360 ? MuscleLiverKidney

220 MuscleLiverKidney

MuscleLiverKidney

Table

Comparison beee-xl standa7-d7 for &z_r

found In thc T1, Bj;:raa. L,

150 Muscle.Lave-r

Kie_ney

210 0 MuscleLiver

75 `_USCL

Livat

60 2 iT.9701

22.0 4.1 3034.2 41 124

21.7 38 117

27.1 3.1 2635.5 43 137

21.7 21 78

21.3 3.2 3227.2 , 88 - 33323.4 ! 79 237

22.2 7.0 3828.6 .51 23121.7 338 434

5.5 38161 27627

1 1199

Zinc ;,3/1 Cu- - - _

tOWAC =AG , Sita,e; ZZ- "-C.17: at- °Ratj.oJP -.-.' 2J1- '--

42

100 118 1-2 30 53

5c5

Hardness

Sampling site CaCO3Ift

Appendix Table lA

Chemical analysis from stream A (A), 12 October

1975

-28 August 1976

x = Probable analytical error, and not calculated in mean values

SD . Standard deviation, N . Number of analysis used for calculations

Parameter

July 18

Nov.11 14

390

640

1250

14

205

350

650

Dec.10 12

510

830

lo600

4

445

635

2 450

Feb.11

Feb.24

3 3

40 70

0.30

4.5 3

25 50

0.20

pH

Electrolytical

conductivity

pS/cm

Hardness

mg CaCO3/1

Organic carbon

g C/i

Cu,

11g

/1-

Zn, ug/1

Fe,

pel

Cd, Pg/1

7.5

265

440

050

Parameter

pH

6.7

Electrolytical

conductivity

pS/cm

Hardness

mg CaCO3/1

Organic carbon,

g C/1

Cu,

tg/1

5

Zn, Pg/1

<10

Fe,

85

Cd, pg/1

July 18

4.0 2

15

40

0.1

19

21

21

19

10

ay 23

June 8

can

Range

6.8

4.7-7.7

0.86

113

22-993

203-34

25

6.4-47

9.8

905

5.4

3.5

5.8

2.5-14

3.7

5,

3161

2.0-8 450

258

15

20

20

252

<10-1 100

368

140

1272

40-10 600

2 568

0.5

0.31

0.10-0.65

0.17

LParameter

tjlJ

TO.octvolytical

colid

ucL

ivity

0/cD

mg CaG03/1

0.,2

:,oic

carbon,

ri(L

--C

/1

Cu,

pg/

1p,

g/1

kcio

ravame',,er

'

pJ

Loiyicai

rS/cm

Tio7.doess

111,

i;02,00,/1

Ovg

an/o

carbory

lag

0/1

Cul

v,

Fe, pg/1

cdo

Tablo

Chemical analysi

outlet of Dji:tjLiwa (B), 12 October 1975 - 28 August 1976

SD =

Standara deviation, N - Number

of a

naly

sis

used

for

calculations

1ar.17

Apr

,4

Apr.25

6.5

6.9

6.8

77

77

87

25

23

23

4.5

4.0

4-5

25

33

23

10

<10

180

150

90

0.8

0.2

0.35

Range

6.3-7.

22-434

6.4-25

3.9-21

2.0-25

<10-30

70-375

0.05-0.8

ct, i 2

6.5

Oct

.27

6.7

fcrv

11 v

doy, 25

-Ucc

OJ i3O

7.1

PE1.

11Pcb,, 24

i'Iar

,9

6,6

6,7

7.0

34

36

33

4434

60

59

62

13

15

14

71S'

21

5.6

721

10

44

"Ti

4.0

4.0

17

710

54

84

10

<10

10

<10

lo'

lo30

<10

170

200

250

375

300

1'25

130

So

130

0.1

4

Tir

ity9

May 23

June 8

J-11

11,7

;22

»11r

,T-L

-0,3

r18

kyr,

.i

4,

Mean

6.6

6.3

6,1

7,0

72

7,1

7-

7,1

7.0

6.8

70

25

22

244

45

37

43

49

69

19

8.6

6.4

9.6

17

16

14

16

17.1

3.9

4.0

5.7

6.2

6.2

7.4

7.8

7.4

6.1

44

55

52

58

36.5

<10

<10

<10

<10

15

<10

10

<10

<10

80

70

70

90

130

130

170

154

0.15

0.2

0045

0,15

0,05

0.2

0.29

.olytical

r.71/clo

CE

4301

1

.r

carbo,i

t

0P^.

7'40

0m

m_

Appendix Table 3A

Chemical analysis from Gruvedammen (C), 12 October

1975

- 2

8 A

ugus

t 197

6x = Probable analytical error, and not calculated in mean values

SD = Standard deviation, N = Number of analysis used for calculations

1-1;

61w

7,10

.c,'6

,21-

BP

.12*,

,

o-

,

9

132,

,Tuly 18

0cL0 12

Oct

. 27

Nov

.11

Nov

. 25

Dec

, 10

Jan0

30Feb, i 1

Feb, 2r!

8.2

6.9

7.1

6.8

6.6

6,8

6,3

6560

3653

579

7270

71

3523

1522

2513

2526

4.5

613

2222

2.5

6,o

56

319

117

55;

9520

6530

3010

6070

225

200

250

225

500

7578

590

I

±,'2

3r 9

ivre

,J 2

3APZ ;._!8

le 8

pile

22

July

4Ju

ly 1

8A

&us

.. 15

6 6

16H

6.4

6.9

7.3

8.0

77c

i

7226

2329

4752

4249

8.4

6.7

9.3

2020

1819

25

4.0

4.9

4.9

5.4

6.5

6.5

7.3

6, 0

2923

616

1113

1414

12

5530

1014

1520

2520

20

9095

5517

536

01

000

230

0 3

0.25

0.35

0.4

0.1

0, 2

6.32

0$3

20

23-5

7911

6

6.7-

356,

6n c.

I

2.5-

225.

81

5.0-

55t-

10-9

523

.275

-4 0

0025

21"

\J

0.1-

0,7

;

6,0 85 22

4.5 16

6o

120

17!,

131.

°.L

Iu2

5

6 .6

6 7

90

35

2030

H0,

::00

0, 2

0.2

0,7

87

15).

6

7.3 16 35 262

0,30

Appendix Table 4A

Chemical analysis from River BjfeSraa (1),

18July 1975 - 27 August 1976

x - Probable analytical error, ard not calculated in the mean

SD = Standard deviation, N

Number of analysis used for calculations

125

175

180

355

320

290

0.85

0.8

0.8

4ar.17

Apr. 4

pr,25

Earameer

-18

Oct.12

Oct.27

ov. 1

Nov.25

Dec. 0

Jan.30

Feb.11

Feb.24

'9

pH ?lectrolytical

conductivity

(.0

11S/cm

5

Hardness

CaCO3/1

3

Organic carbon,

mg C/1

2.0

Cu,

11g

/1174

213

258

205

165

170

140

150

115

150

Zn, 0,g/1

350

440

370

370

315

240

220

310

375

345

Fe, ag/1

450

570

650

635

550

590

325

305

65

100

Cd, kg/1

0.95

Parameter

May 9

May 23

une 8

e 22

JulY 4

July 18

Aug.

Aug.15

Aug.27

Mean

pH

7.0

Electrolytical

conductivity

u,S/cm

56

Hardness

mg CaCO3/1

31

Org-nic carbon,

mg C/1

2.0

Cu, ug/1

225

170

230

135

115

120

175

165

165

169

Zn, ug/1

315

185

180

150

19

200

40

275

270

294

Fe, ilg/1

450

340

420

Cd, p,g/1

0.5

0.5

0.7

0.75

0.55

0.7

0.7

0.70

Range

SD

N 1 1 1

115-258

39

22

150-440

7820

65-650

197

12

0.50-0.95

0.14

11

J113

,y18

0r.1

2O

ct.2

7N

ov.

,

o(1

corluivity

hardness

mL CaCyl

ûn,úc carbon,

nfl ,ter

pH codyctivity

S/cm

ardness

g OaCO3/1

ganic carbon

1-1811

wz/1

Fe, vg/1

d, pz/1

hiry

3

15

Appendix Table 5A

Chemical analysis from Lake Langbekken (2),

27October

1975

27 A

ugus

t 197

6x = Probable analytical error, and not calculated in the mean

SD = Standard deviation, /q- = Number of analysis used for calculations

e 8

310

<10

35

0.25

0.5

Nov

.25

Dec. 10

an.30

Feb.11

Au.

27ge

ao

_

Apr

./11/

AT

3T 2

5

24.3

1-14

3.6

20

<10

<10

<10

-35

20

136

50-3

9597

10

0.27

0.1-

0.55

0.15

11

J

< 1

0

I

10

3

<10

2

<10

14

<10

3

10

10

20

10

15

1

11

1

<10

-:,

<10

OC)

100

190

175

100

395

100

50 0 1

0,2

0,55

0,i

Parameter

pH

Electrolytical

conductivity

4S cm

Hardness

mg CaCO /1

Organic carboll,

mg C/1

Cu, Pg/1

Zn, pg/1

Fe, 4g/1

Vq-ill

Pe-oomeer

1July 18

7.2

48

20

4.0

46 95

125

Oct.12

,I.Tajr. 9

May 23

Appendix Table 6A

Chemical analysis from Lake Ringvatnet (R5),

8 July 1975 - 27 August 1976

x = Probable analytical error, and not

calculated in th,F-. mean

SD . Standard deviation, N = Number of analysis used for calculations

7.1 51

20

4.0

45

75

120

Oct.27

June 8

6.,5

28'

62

6x

22

2.3'

4.3

21

41

15'

80

95x

195

0.45

0.456.9 55

2

3.5

37

85

100

Nov.1 20 15

45

105

150

June 22

Nov.25

7.2 6

80

150

Dec.10

Jan.30

Feb.11

' b.24

6.3

6.5 55

155

120

Aug.27

Mean

7.1

6.9

54

62

18

19.0

2.9

5.4

34

43

55

88

134

0.56

ar. 9

Mar.17

6.7

7.0

Apr.25

6.8

6.3

61

60

119

22

21

17

4.0

30

io

60

50

25

80x

100

loo

75

155-

80

120

120

240

0.4

0.6

0,5

1,3

48-119

15-26

2.9-15

31-57

55-155

80-240

0.1-1.3

SP

N

0.34

,17

17.7

2.9

3.4

9.6

25.4

39

0.3d

18

18

pH

6.6

5.7x

Electrolytica

conductivity

pS/cm

85

Hardness

mg CaC03/1

26

01-7anic carboi

g 0/1

Cu, pg/1

57

Zn,

125

Fe, Pg/l.

150

Cd7 TIgti

16

17

16 16

Appendix Table 7A

Chemical analysis from outlet of Lake Ringvatnet (4), 18 July 1975- 27 AuguBt 1976

x = Probable analytical error, and not calculated in mean values

SD . Standard deviation, N = Number of analysis used for calculations

Parameter

July18

pH

Electrolytical

conductivity

PS/cm

Hardness

mg CaCO3/1

Organic carbon

mg 0/1

Cu, I.ug/1

Zn, 4g/1

Fe, Ftel

Cd, P,g/1

Nov.11

55

25ox

110

515x

220

120

Parameter

pH

Electrolytical

onductivity

11S/cm

lardness

mg CaCO3/1

Organic carbon

mg C/1

Cu, 4g/1

Zn, p,g/1

Fe, pg/1

Cd, wz/1

May97.3

3.5 38

26

75

70

125

95

42

85

100

ov.25

37

85

75

Dec.10

38

70

150

Jan.30

Feb.11

Feb.24 Mar.

9

_av

23

Jiiie 8

Juno 22

JL

ay1

July

1.71

'ku

rz,

i5 A. 27

35

37

50

80

29

32

32

34

55

65

47

65

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.4

Mean

Mar.17

Apr. 4

Apr.25

26-60

8.4

20

t=i

45-110

19.8

20

75-220

42

0

0.1-0.6

0.12

1

60

50

38

36

100

110

loo

80

140

0.3

0.45

0.6

0.35

40

29

65

45

150

75

0.35

0.2

Range

SD

N

46 20

7.3 46

20

3.5

38

77

127

0.33

Parameter

pH

Electrolytical

conductivity

p5/cm

Hardness

mg CaCO3

Organic carbon,

mg C/1

Cu, 4g/1

Zn, ;Ig./1

Fe, p,g/1

Cd,

t /1

Parameter

pH

Elsctrolytical

conductivitor

4S/cm

Horctnozo

mg CaCO3/1

Organic carbon,

mg C/1

Cu, 4g/1

Zn, Pg/1

Fe, 4g/1

Cd, Pg/1

July 18

7.2 45 18

3.5

39

75

75

Chemical analyuis frem Lake Hostovatnet (H8), 18 July 1975 - 27 August

1976

x = Probable analytical error, and not calculated in mean values

SD = Standard deviation, N = Number of analysis used for calculations

.12

Cct.27

7.2

t71

7.02

5o

49

49

19

17

18

2.5

15

10

19

22

18

35

45

35

50

50

50

.T4a

79 My 23

607

5.9x

A0e dix Table 8A

6.8 59

19

3.5

210x

375x

55

' 9

Mar.17

Apr. 4

Apr.25

6.9 30

65

60

6.9

6.4

6.1

56

169

12

19

20

1.4x

44

2.5

13

11

65

55

25

80

50

1.1 SD 31

17

1.5

17

3.2

17

8.6

17

16.1

17

21

17

0.3

10

20

9.5x

0.36

18

0.25

0.30

Jun,, 8

June 221

dug

1IAug,15

,Aug.27

Ju]

1JU

J'J1

3Range

rp7

7,1

7.4

77.4

7.0

6.1-7.4

54

52

22

53

54

52

5712

-169

16

16

16

18

16

17

17.4

15-19

3.8

2.7

4.6

2,4

3.4

32

2.5

4.3

1.2-4.6

25

25

22

38

17

18

24

22

11-39

55

50

45

50

25

44

35

44

20-75

100

90

60

40

70

57

20-100

0.30

0.95

0.6

0.25

0.2

0.5

0.47

0.2-1.1

5X

302X

1.2 53:

<10x

30

0.25

12

25 60

57

17

Nov.25 IDec.10 Ja30 Theb,11

Nov.11

Parameter

pH

Electrolytical

conductivity

4S/cm

Hardness

mg CaCO3 /1

Organic carbon

mg 0/1

Cu, pg/1

Zn, pg/1

Fe, &g/1

Cd, pg/1

Appendix Table 9A

al analysis from outlet of Lake Hostovatnet (5), 18 July 1975

- 27 August 1976

x = Probable analytical error, and not calculated in mean values

SD . Standard deviation, N = Number of analysis used for calculations

Electrolytical

conductivity

MS /cm

46

Hardness

mg CaCO3/1

18

Organic carbon,

g C/1

3.7

Cu, pg/i

29

24

30

23

26

17

25

22

21

24

16-30

4.4

20

Zn, pg/1

60

40

70

50

30

40

80

40

45

51

3o-8o

16.7

20

Fe, pg/1

50

75

60

25-130

31

10

Cd, ug/1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.15

0.3

0.45

0.32

0.3-0.45

0.08

10

Parameter

Nay 9

ay 23

une 8

June 22

y4 July 18

Aug. 1 )Aug.15

Aug.27

Mean

Range

SD

pH

7.1

1

D'AC/T29

60°

StationsH1-16

Stations )R1-9 -----f

- 32 -

A

cl

2

Ringvatnet

ye-a m rn e

\Hosto-)vatnet(

5

3km

Fig. 1 L. Ringvatnet and L. Hostovatnet with catchment area and sampling stations

pg/11 000 -

500-300-200-

C Gruv e-\ cicanmeTN)/

50 -30 -20 -

10 -

5-

Good fisheries

3km

- 33 -

Fishless

CD

Cu

D Zn

Good fisheries

000.,

e, ing-va'knetIjosko-0 tnet

Fig. 2 Copper and zinc con aiozi ii he lahe anE river systemI, (M11E:a mear value

11).7m1 of amlysis

EIFAC/T29

°to

95 80-

50 20-

L. R

ingv

atne

t(F

ish)

2040

6080

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

f.ig

Me/

l

Fig. 3

Percentile distribution of the values of copper and zinc concentrations analyzed approximately twice monthly

throughout a year in L. Ringvatnet and R. Bj$raa

V"

R.

Bjii

rcia

(Fis

hles

s)

o/o

_

95 -80 50 5

PAPERS ISSUED IN THIS SERIES

E I FAC/T1 Water quality criteria for European freshvvater fish. Report on finely divided solids and inland fisheries (1964).

El FAC/T2 Fish diseases. Technical Notes submitted to El FAC Third Session by Messrs. J. Heyl, H. Mann, C.J. Rasmussen and A. vander Struik (Austria, 1964).

E I FAC/T3 Feeding in trout and salmon culture. Papers submitted to a Symposium, EIFAC Fourth Session (Belgrade, 1966).

El FAC/T4 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on extreme pH values and inland fisheries (1968).

E I FAC/T5 Organization of inland fisheries administration in Europe, by Jean-Louis Gaudet (Rome, 1968).

El FAC/T6 Water quality criteria for European freshvvater fish. Report on water temperature and inland fisheries based mainly on Slavonicliterature (1968).

E I FAC/T7 Economic evaluation of inland sport fishing, by Ingemar Norling (Sweden, 1968).

E I FAC/T8 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. List of literature on the effect of water temperature on fish (1969).

El FAC/T9 New developments in carp and trout nutrition. Papers submitted to a Symposium, EIFAC Fifth Session (Rome, 1968).

EIFAC/T10 Comparative study of laws and regulations governing the international traffic in live fish and fish eggs, by F.B. Zenny,FAO Legislation Branch (Rome, 1969).

El FAC/T11 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on ammonia and inland fisheries (1970).

El FAC/T12 Salmon and trout feeds and feeding (1971).

El FAC/T13 Elements of the theory of age determination of fish according to scales. The problems of validity (1971).

El FAC/T14 El FAC consultation on eel fishing gear and techniques (Rome, 1971).

El FAC/T15 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on monohydric phenols and inland fisheries (1972).

El FAC/T16 Symposium on the nature and extent of water pollution problems affecting inland fisheries in Europe. Synthesis of nationalreports (1972).

El FAC/T17 Symposium on the major communicable fish diseases in Europe and their control. Report (1972).

E I FAC/T17 The major communicable fish diseases of Europe and North America. A review of national and international measures forSuppl. 1 their control, by P.E. Thompson, W.A. Dill and G. Moore (1973).

E I FAC/T17 Symposium on the major communicable fish diseases in Europe and their control. Panel reviews and relevant papers (1973).Suppl. 2

El FAC/T18 The role of administrative action as a tool in water pollution control, by G.K. Moore, FAO Legislation Branch (Rome, 1973).

El FAC/T19 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on dissolved oxygen and inland fisheries (1973).

E I FAC/T20 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on chlorine and freshwater fish (1973).

El FAC/T21 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on zinc and freshwater fish (1973).

E1FAC/T22 Ecological diagnosis in salmonid streams - Method and Example, by R. Cuinat et al. (1975).

EIFAC/T23 Report of the Symposium on methodology for the survey, monitoring, and appraisal of fishery resources in lakes and largerivers (1974).

E1FAC/T23 Symposium on the methodology for the survey, monitoring and appraisal of fishery resources in lakes and large rivers -Suppl . 1 Panel reviews and relevant papers/Symposium sur les méthodes de prospection, de surveillance et d'évaluation des ressources

ichtyologiques dans les lacs et grands cours d'eau - Exposés des groupes et communications apparentées (1975).

El FAC/T24 Report on fish toxicity testing procedures (1975).

El FAC/T25 Workshop on controlled reproduction of cultivated fishes - Report and relevant papers/Réunion sur le reproduction contrdléedes poissons d'élevage - Rapport et communications apparentées (1976).

El FAC/T27 Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish. Report on copper and freshwater fish (1976).

EIFAC/T28 Joint ICES/EIFAC Symposium on eel research and management (Anguilla spp.). Report/Symposium conjoint CI EM/CECPI surla recherche et l'exploitation des anguilles (Anguilla spp.). Rapport (1976).

El FAC/T29 Water quality criteria for European freswater fish. Report on the effect of zinc and copper pollution on the salmonid fisheriesin a river and lake system in central Norway (1977).

M-45ISBN 92-5-100296-7