BY-

ANCHAL GARG (05) M.SC. EM GGSIPU

ASSESSMENT OF CAUSAL FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DETERIORATION IN WATER QUALITY

Water Quality The water quality of any surface or ground water is

influenced by the geology of the soil or human interferences or may be both.

Safe drinking water, sanitation and good hygiene are fundamental to the health, survival, growth and development of humanity.

However, the WHO and UNICEF (2006) report states that these basic necessities are still a luxury for many of the world's poor people.

It is also seen that socio-economic development is clearly linked to access to safe drinking water.

• Water quality is affected by a wide range of natural and human influences.

• The most important of the natural influences are geological, hydrological and climatic, since these

• affect the quantity and the quality of water available.• Their influence is generally greatest when available

water quantities are low and maximum use must be made of the limited resource; for example, high salinity is a frequent problem in arid and coastal areas.

Drinking Water

• The major sources of drinking water are rivers

-Scarcity of water

Drinking Water

Main water quality threats

water scarcityPathogenic pollutionOxygen depletionSalinitytoxicity

Major Cause for Water Quality Degradation

Point Sources of Pollution• Domestic Wastewater• Industrial WastewaterNon- point Sources of Pollution • Rural and Slum Population, open defecation, garbage etc• Agricultural Runoff• Half-burnt bodies• Storm water• Cattle wallowing• Deposition of Air pollutants

• Cannals, rivers and lake in india- serve as dumping ground for sewage solid, and liquid waste.

• Largest sources-• 1.Untreated sewage• 2. agricultural runoff

Untreated sewage

• 2007 study shows large gap between generation and treatment of domestic waste water in india.

• Problem bcz sewage treatment plant does not work properly.

• Pollutants reach into surface and ground water.• Lack of toilets and sanitation facilities causes open

defecation• Major cities of india produce 38,354 million l/day.• But urban sewage treatment capacity is 11,786 MLD.

BOD

• Water sample with 5 days BOD,• 1-2 mg/l- clean water• 3-8 mg/l- moderately clean water• 8-20 mg/l- broadline water• 20 mg/l- ecologically unsafe polluted water

COLIFORM LEVEL

• BACTERIAL INDICATOR OF SANITARY QUALITY OF WATER.

• Rivers- yamuna, ganga, gomti, chambal, mahi are most common polluted.

• It should be below 104 MPN/100 ML– absent from water.

• In 2006, 47 percent of water quality monitoring reported coliform concentration above 500 MPN/100 ML.

OTHER PROBLEMS

• HEAVY METAL• COD• AMMONIA, PHOSPHATE, PESTICIDES• FLOODING DURING MONSOONS

Quality Issues with River Water• River water is getting

contaminated due to Direct disposal of sewage into rivers by municipalities

• River water is also getting contaminated due to Extensive disposal of plastics & chemicals into rivers

Quality Issues with Ground Water

• Extensive withdrawal of ground water for agriculture & domestic use is fast depleting the level of underground water

The groundwater is also getting contaminated due to

• Percolation of household wastes, livestock wastes, pesticides, fertilizers etc. into the groundwater

But the insufficient quantity of river water is unable to meet

drinking water demands of most of the municipalities.

Hence municipalities have to meet-up this shortfall from the

groundwater.

Direct disposal of sewage into rivers by municipalities

River water is getting contaminated due to

Quality Issues with River Water

Rusting of Pipelines

To curb the wastage of water, Municipality supply water for limited hours only. Rest of the hours, these pipelines are exposed to air which oxidizes them and results in the formation of rust in them. This rust gets dissolved in water traveling through these pipelines.

Ingress of Sewage

Besides rusting, municipal pipelines are also exposed to the ingress of sewage due to leakage in pipelines.

Contamination of Water in Overhead Tanks

With increasing urbanization, water supplied by the municipalities is not used for drinking purpose directly. Instead it is stored in the overhead tanks which are a breeding ground for bacteria and contamination.

Contamination of Water in Household Pipelines

Water also gets contaminated while traversing the network of age-old pipelines in homes. Thus, by the time it reaches a

tap, it becomes unfit for drinking purpose.

THANKYOU