water quality protection of surface waters in … · 5 surface water quality protection water act...

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WATER QUALITY PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATERS IN SLOVAKIA AND MEASURES WATERS IN SLOVAKIA AND MEASURES

TO REDUCE TO REDUCE IMPACT OF INCIDENTS IN WHICH IMPACT OF INCIDENTS IN WHICH WATERS COULD BE ACCIDENTALLY POLLUTEDWATERS COULD BE ACCIDENTALLY POLLUTED

Pavel HuckoPavel [email protected]@vuvh.sk

HUSK 0801/072 Project HUSK 0801/072 Project

„„Developing of Institution Connections in the Spirit of the CrossDeveloping of Institution Connections in the Spirit of the Cross--Border Waters AgreementBorder Waters Agreement””

Michalovce, 20 September 2010Michalovce, 20 September 2010

WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE BRATISLAVAWATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE BRATISLAVA

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CONTENT OF PRESENTATIONCONTENT OF PRESENTATION

• The legislative framework for the protection of surface waters

• Surface water quality protection

• Status of accidental water pollution in Slovakia

• Measures to reduce accidental water pollution


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THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION

OF SURFACE WATERSOF SURFACE WATERS

Water Act No. 364/2004 and on amendments to the Act of the Slovak National CouncilNo. 372/1990 on offences as amended in later regulations (Water Act) and

Act No. 384/2009, which amends Act no. 364/2004

Act No. 261/2002 on the prevention of major industrial accidents

Act No. 245/2003 on integrated pollution prevention and control of the environment

Act No. 163/2001 on chemical substances and chemical preparations

Act No. 359/2007 on preventing and remedying environmental damage

Decree of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic No. 100/2005 layingdown details on the handling of hazardous substances, the contents of the emergencyplan and how to resolve the significant degradation of water


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THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION

OF SURFACE WATERSOF SURFACE WATERS

Decree of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic No. 391/2003,implementing Act No. 245/2003 concerning integrated prevention and controlenvironment pollution

Decree of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic No. 63/2008 amendingDecree of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic No. 391/2003 code forthe implementation of Law No. 245/2003 the integrated pollution prevention and controlpollution of the environment

Decree of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic No. 489/2002, whichimplements certain provisions of the Act (261/2002) on prevention of major industrialaccidents


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SURFACE SURFACE WATER QUALITY PROTECTIONWATER QUALITY PROTECTION

Water Act No. 364/2004

Protection of water conditions and water resources (§ 30)

Anyone who performs an activity which may affect the status of surface water andgroundwater and water conditions is to make the necessary effort to preserve andProtection

Protected Water Management Areas (§ 31)

The area to its natural conditions is an important natural water accumulation,the government may declare a protected area of the water.

In the protected water area can plan and carry out work only where it is all-roundprotection of surface water and groundwater and protection the conditions of theirformation, occurrence, natural accumulation of water and recovery plan.


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Protection zones of water supply resources (§ 32)

To protect the yield and hygienic quality of water of water sources, which are used, astate water authorities determine the buffer zones on the basis of assessment for bodyhealth.

Sensitive areas (§ 33)

Sensitive areas are water bodies of surface waters

a) which occurs or may occur as a result of increased nutrient concentration to an undesirable state of water quality

b) are used as water resources or be used as water resources

c) requiring the enhanced protection to a higher level of water treatment discharges.


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Vulnerable areas (§ 34)

Vulnerable areas are used for agricultural areas, which drain water from precipitation tosurface waters or into groundwater, however, where the nitrate concentration higher than50 mg.l-1, or may be exceeded in the near future.

Protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agriculturalsources (§ 35)

Protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources isprovided for agricultural land use in particular the measures necessary for the storage,handling and application of natural manure and fertilizers and appropriate ways offarming.

Discharge of sewage waters and separate waters into surface waters (§ 36)

Municipal waste water generated in metropolitan areas can be levied only by publicsewerage.


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Discharge of sewage waters and separate waters into public sewers (§ 38)

The discharge of industrial wastewater and specific water content harmful substancesinto the public sewer system is necessary authorization from the state watermanagement.

Handling of hazardous substances (§ 39)

For the usage of hazardous substances for the purposes of this Act is considered themanufacturing process or other activity in which these substances are produced,processed, used, transported, stored or handled in another way.


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STATUS OF ACCIDENTAL WATER POLLUTION IN SLOVAKIASTATUS OF ACCIDENTAL WATER POLLUTION IN SLOVAKIA

Emergency Water Quality Deterioration

The audit by the Water Protection Inspection (WPI) on behalf of EnvironmentalInspectorates, which falls under the Water Act, was focused primarily on inspection andadoption of preventive measures plans to prevent hazardous substances to be releasedinto environment, and the procedure in case of escape – emergency plan.

554 inspections were done within the assessment of completeness and topicality ofemergency plans.

Inspection with hazardous substances was done in 214 cases. In relation to theemergency water deterioration 242 inspections have been done and 199 inspections werefocused on water management, operation and effectiveness.

379 (28.2 %) cases of law violation was reported from the total number of 1,341inspections in 2008.

An overview of number of inspections carried out in the years 2005 - 2008, when aviolation of the law was reported, is indicated in next table.


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An overview of number of inspections carried out in the years 2005-2008

Source:Report on Water Management in the Slovak Republic in 2008 Published by: Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic

Elaborated by: Water Research Institute Bratislava


Number of inspections

Law violation


Law violation


Law violation


Law violation

2005 1,467 332 43 4 4 0 1,514 336

2006 1,713 436 43 4 32 3 1,788 443

2007 1,567 356 59 5 11 0 1,637 361

2008 1,291 375 40 4 10 0 1,341 379

Act 364/2004 Coll. Act 261/2002 Coll. Act 163/2001 Coll. Total Water Protection Inspection

in Year

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In 2008 year 102 cases of emergency water quality deterioration were reported by theSlovak Environmental Inspection (SEI).

Overview of reported cases emergency water quality deterioration in the years 2005-2008

Source:Report on Water Management in the Slovak Republic in 2008 Published by: Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic Elaborated by: Water Research Institute Bratislava


Total Number

Rivers and reservoirs

Boundary rivers

Total number Pollution At risk

2005 119 66 2 5 53 2 51

2006 151 94 1 3 57 6 51

2007 157 97 1 4 60 4 56

2008 102 49 0 6 53 4 49

Year

Emergency water quality deterioration

Number of reported

cases

Surface Groundwater

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Summary of significant degradation of water under the causes for the years 2005-2008


lack

of m

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te

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lack

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apac

ity

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age

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fire

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n

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tran

spor

t of

subs

tanc

es h

arm

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ater

s

2005 21 6 13 5 2 0 1 40 5 3 7 16

2006 30 7 13 5 2 2 4 38 6 1 20 23

2007 32 5 12 6 0 4 3 50 4 0 10 31

2008 10 10 9 2 1 2 2 38 6 0 10 12

Emergency deterioration of water (MZV) under the cause

Year

The

hum

an fa

ctor

Poor state of equipment due Incident

Wea

ther

con

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ns

Traffic and Transportation

MZ

V w

as e

stab

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Other

Unk

now

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The most frequent cause of emergency water deterioration was transport, where:• oil substances were used in 65 cases (63.7 %)• waste waters in 15 cases (14.7 %) • and agricultural fertilisers in 7 cases (6.8 %) • a pollutant was not identified in 6 cases (5.8 %)

Based on emergency water quality deterioration the Communication Unit of the BasicInternational Warning Centre Slovakia (PIAC 04) within the System of Early Warning inthe Danube River was not activated.

In 2008, it held two times the functional testing of communication units PIAC receive,validate and send all types of messages used in the Rapid Alert System in the DanubeBasin, which launched the Secretariat of the International Commission for the Protectionof the Danube in Vienna.

The operation of the Communication Unit of the Basic International Warning Centre (PIAC 04) Slovakia was activated 5 times within the System of Early Warning in theDanube River Basin.


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MEASURES TO REDUCE ACCIDENTAL WATER POLLUTIONMEASURES TO REDUCE ACCIDENTAL WATER POLLUTION


Program for reducing water pollution by harmful substances and especiallyHarmful substances (§ 40)

Anyone who is discharging sewage containing harmful substances and especially harmfulsubstances and specific water containing harmful substances, harmful substances andwho handles hazardous substances is to progressively reduce the pollution discharged intosurface waters and groundwater by water pollution reduction program harmful substancesand especially harmful substances and especially approved by the Government.

Program for reducing water pollution by harmful substances and especially harmfulsubstances, particularly developing Ministry and submit to the government for approval.Program for reducing water pollution by harmful substances and especially harmfulsubstances is updated every six years.


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The program includes

a) The list of sources of water pollution, from which the waste water discharge and thespecific water containing harmful substances and especially pollutants and which aretreated with particularly harmful substances, and inventory of these substances

b) quality objectives and deadlines to achieve them

c) determining the type and method of monitoring quality objectives in surface waters and area pollution groundwater pollution by hazardous substances

d) methods and procedures for reduction of harmful substances contained in discharges and prevent gradual discharge harmful substances in the effluent from existing industrial sources

e) assessing the results of monitoring surface water quality objectives and broad-basedgroundwater pollution by hazardous substances

f) measures aimed at reducing harmful substances and especially harmful pollutantscontained in discharges and to protect surface water and groundwater in the handlingof dangerous substances


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Emergency water quality deterioration and extraordinary threat to waterquality (§ 41)

Emergency water quality deterioration and extraordinary threat to water quality(„the extra aggravation of water") is sudden, unexpected and serious deterioration orserious threat to water quality due to discharges without a permit or in contravention ofit, or due to uncontrollable leakage of hazardous substances are found in staining orOdour of water, fat coating, creating foam, the occurrence of dead fish on the water orthe presence of hazardous substances in the environment associated with surface wateror groundwater.

A producer of significant degradation of water is considered the person who operated the device at a time when extra water was worsening and it demonstrated a causalconnection with its operation.


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Emergency water quality deterioration and extraordinary threat to waterquality (§ 41)

Inventor significant degradation of water is required to take immediate measures toeradicate significant degradation of water, as well as measures to eliminate its harmfuleffects.

The immediate measures of significant degradation of water are

a) immediate notification of significant degradation of waters of the inspection and theadministrator of the watercourse or the district office environment

b) as possible eliminate the causes significant degradation of water

c) implement urgent measures to prevent further pollution and the spread of pollution andmeasures to prevent harmful effects or mitigate the adverse effects were minimal.


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Measures to eliminate the harmful consequences of significant degradation of waterare

a) disposal of spillage of hazardous substances

b) to monitor groundwater quality at risk if the risk of penetration of hazardoussubstances into the ground,

c) an indication of the affected site, where possible, the original state.

Measures for remediation (§ 42)

Anyone who causes damage to surface water or groundwater or the environment relatedto („the agent of harm“) is to make corrective action or pay the associated costs.


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The subject of regulation under this Act is to establish the conditions and procedure forpreventing major industrial accidents in enterprises involving hazardous substances andselected in readiness to address them and limiting their consequences for human life andhealth, the environment and property in case of their occurrence. (§ 1)

The operator shall take all measures necessary to prevent major industrial accidents inthe case of such an accident or imminent threat of measures needed to overcome alimitation of their consequences for human life and health, environment and property. (§ 3)


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The operator must ensure a risk assessment. (§ 6)

Risk assessment includes, in particular

a) identification of hazards (hazards) and events that can cause a serious industrialaccident,

b) quantify the probability or frequency of potentially serious industrial accidents;

c) assessment of the extent and severity of possible consequences of major industrialaccidents,

d) defining the risk to life and health, environment and property

e) assess the acceptability of risk.

The operator must establish a program to prevent major industrial accidents(hereinafter "program") and ensure its implementation. (§ 7)


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The operator must have or provide the means, instruments and apparatus (theequipment) necessary for the early detection of emergency situations to alert and warningnotification and the convening of the relevant bodies to combat the major accidents andlimiting their consequences. (§ 20)

The Ministry keeps a register of major Accidents (hereinafter "the Register"). The register contains brief details of major accidents. (§ 25)


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Act No. 163/2001 on chemical substances and chemical preparations

Hazardous chemicals and hazardous chemical products for life and human health andthe environment are

i) corrosive substances and preparations

j) irritant substances and preparations

k) sensitizing substances and preparations

l) carcinogenic substances and preparations

m) mutagenic substances and preparations

n) substances and preparations which are toxic to reproduction

o) substances and preparations dangerous for the environment


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This Act regulates (§ 1)

a) the integrated prevention and control of environment pollution („the pollution“)

b) the rights and responsibilities operators of operations of the industrial activities („the

operator“) and

c) the role of public authorities in integrated pollution prevention and control

d) the information system of integrated pollution prevention and control

e) the conditions of professional competence to provide expert advice on integrated pollution prevention and control.


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Integrated pollution prevention and control is a set of measures to prevent pollution, toreduce emissions to air, water and soil, to reduce waste production and the recovery anddisposal in order to achieve a high overall level of environmental protection. (§ 2)

An information system for integrated pollution prevention and control ("system") toensure comprehensive data collection and information on integrated pollution preventionand control. The information system is part of a national information system. (§ 6)


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