phoenix.gov/water

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2 0 1 3W a t e r

Q u a l i t y R e p o r t

The sources of Phoenix’s drinking water include rivers, lakes, streams, springs and wells. In 2013, about 97 percent ofPhoenix’s water came from surface water that mostly started as snow pack. Phoenix’s primary sources of untreated surface

water are the Salt, Verde and Colorado rivers. Some water from the Agua Fria River is mixed with water from the Colorado Riverwhen stored in Lake Pleasant. The water was delivered to one of the city’s five water treatment plants. Colorado River water isdelivered to the city via the Central Arizona Project (CAP) aqueduct. Water from the Salt and Verde rivers is delivered via the SaltRiver Project (SRP) canal network. The remaining three percent of drinking water was supplied by about 20 groundwater wellscurrently operated by the city.

To ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) prescribes regulations that limit the amount

of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits forcontaminants in bottled water.

It is reasonable to expect drinking water, including bottled water orwater that passed through home treatment systems, to contain at leastsmall amounts of some contaminants. As water travels over the surface ofthe land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and,in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resultingfrom the presence of animals or from human activity. However, the presenceof contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk.Contaminants that may be present in source water include the following:

• Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, that may befrom wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, agriculturallivestock operations, or wildlife;

• Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, that can benaturally occurring or result from urban storm water runoff,industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gasproduction, mining, or farming;

• Pesticides and herbicides, that may come from a variety of sourcessuch as agriculture, urban storm water runoff and residential uses;

• Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatileorganic chemicals, that are byproducts of industrial processes,petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations,urban storm water runoff, septic systems; and

• Radioactive contaminants that can be naturally-occurring or canbe the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.

More information about contaminants and potential health effectscan be obtained by calling the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline, 800-426-4791. Information on bottled water can be obtained from theU.S. Food and Drug Administration.

To acquire this publication in an alternate format, contact the City of Phoenix Water ServicesDepartment at 602-262-6251, or 602-534-1113/TTY.

Este informe contiene información importante sobre su agua potable. Si desea esta publicación enespañol, o en un formato alterno contactan el Departamento Municipal de Phoenix del Servicio delAgua, al 602-262-6251, ó 602-534-1113/TTY.

1) Screening and Presedimentation -Large particlessuch as plant matter debris, and other materialscommonly found in river water are removed byscreens or settle to the bottom of thepresedimentation tank.

2) Coagulation, Flocculation and Sedimentation - Achemical coagulant, such as ferric chloride, is addedto the water. This causes the tiny particles to clingtogether and become heavy enough to settle to thebottom of the basin.

3) Filtration - The cleaner water on the top then passesthrough filters to remove remaining particulate matter.

4) Disinfection -A small quantity of chlorine, adisinfectant, is added to prevent microbial growth.Also a small quantity of fluoride is added to preventtooth decay.

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HOW DOES PHOENIX PRODUCE SUPERIOR DRINKING WATER?

Water Quality and Substances Contained in Source Water

Where Does Our Water Come From?

The city of Phoenix is committed to providing the highest quality tap water andreliable services to our residents, with rates that are among the lowest in the

country. This Consumer Confidence Report, also known as a Water Quality Report,summarizes the results of millions of tests and measurements performed atPhoenix's water treatment plants and throughout the water distribution system. In2013, tap water delivered to approximately 1.5 million residents served by the Cityof Phoenix Water Services Department met or surpassed all federal and statedrinking water standards.

A lthough the city treats our water to meetor surpass all drinking water standards,

some people may be more vulnerable tocontaminants in drinking water than the generalpopulation. Immuno-compromised persons suchas persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy,persons who have undergone organ transplants,people with HIV/AIDS or other immune systemdisorders, some elderly and infants can be

particularly at risk from infections. These peopleshould seek advice about drinking water fromtheir health care providers. The U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) and Centers for DiseaseControl (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means tolessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidiumand other microbial contaminants are availablefrom the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791.

Unregulated substances are those for which EPA has not establisheddrinking water standards. Phoenix monitors for these substances to assistthe EPA in determining the occurrence of unregulated contaminants indrinking water and whether future regulation is warranted. The EPA issues anew list of up to 30 unregulated substances for monitoring every five years.

EPA identified 27 substances for monitoring during this five year cycleincluding:• 14 compounds found in products such as firefighting foams, cosmetics,cleaners, paints, adhesives, industrial solvents and insecticides

• 4 metals that occur naturally in our environment• 7 hormones, including naturally-occurring hormones that may also bepresent in pharmaceuticals and personal care products

• The chlorate ion that may be present in drinking water when certaindisinfectants are added to water to kill microbes

• The chromium-6 ion, a naturally occurring element with industrial uses. EPA currently regulates total chromium in drinking water. The maximum

contaminant level for total chromium was established based upon the healtheffects of chromium-6, but when analyzing for total chromium the amountmeasured is the sum of all chromium ions present (chromium-6 andchromium-3). EPA is gathering information to determine the relationshipbetween the amount of total chromium and chromium-6 present in drinkingwater. For this reason, EPA is requesting sample sets of the regulatedsubstance (total chromium) and unregulated substance (chromium-6) becollected at the same time.

In February of 2013, the City of Phoenix began monitoring. Anyunregulated contaminants detected are reported in the following table.There is a naturally occurring chromium deposit in northern Phoenix nearseveral wells sites. Water from these wells currently meets the EPAstandard for total chromium. If the EPA determines that regulation iswarranted for any of the monitored substances, Phoenix will take whateversteps are necessary to comply with the new requirements.

Phoenix Monitors forUnregulated Contaminants

Phoenix’s entire water supply (well water and treated surface water) issafely disinfected with chlorine before being delivered to consumers.

Federal law requires a minimum chlorine disinfectant level of 0.2 parts permillion (ppm) in the water leaving a water treatment plant. There also is aMaximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) allowed in the water in thedistribution system as it travels to your tap.

While it is essential to disinfect the water to prevent widespread outbreaksof serious diseases and comply with EPA standards, the use of disinfectantscan create disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which are formed when naturalorganic matter such as total organic carbon (TOC) in water reacts withchemicals used for disinfection.

To control those disinfection byproducts TOC is measured in the surfacewater before and after treatment. TOC is reduced during the water treatmentprocess at the plant, therefore, reducing formation of DBPs in the distributionsystem. Compliance for TOC is based on the removal ratio of TOC on a runningannual average. A value of 1 or greater indicates the water treatment plant is incompliance with the TOC removal requirements. Again, Phoenix met therequirement, as shown in the corresponding chart.

Chlorine dioxide and ozone can be used in the treatment of drinking wateras either disinfectants or oxidants. Some Phoenix surface water treatmentplants use chlorine dioxide and/or ozone as oxidants for the removal of ironand manganese, destruction of taste and odor causing organic contaminants,and as part of an overall program for the control of THM formation. Federal lawallows a maximum chlorine dioxide level of 800 parts per billion (ppb) in thewater leaving a water treatment plant. Chlorine dioxide is measured daily atthe water treatment plants when chlorine dioxide is in use, and levels areconsistently below 800 ppb.

Using chlorine dioxide forms chlorite and using ozone forms bromate.Chlorite and bromate are regulated as DBPs. To determine formation of DBPsfrom oxidants, chlorite is sampled daily at the entry point of the distributionsystem, and monthly throughout the distribution system. Bromate is sampledmonthly at both the entry point of the distribution system and in the distributionsystem. To determine compliance with the MCLs, a monthly average iscalculated for chlorite and a running annual average is calculated for bromate.Both chlorite and bromate levels are below the MCLs.

To determine formation of DBPs from chlorine in the distribution system,the city monitors for Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic Acids (HAAs)which are DBPs that may cause long-term health effects at certainconcentrations. THMs and HAAs are sampled throughout the distributionsystem every quarter. The table to the right includes the LRAA compliance datafor TTHM and HAA. The LRAA for all samples collected at the monitoringlocations throughout the distribution system were below the MCL.

Controlling Disinfectants andDisinfection Byproducts Units

ppm

NA

ppb

ppm

ppb

ppb

ppb

MCL

MRDL = 4.0

RunningAnnual AverageTT = 1 or greater Running

Annual Average

MRDL = 800

1

10

80 LocationalRunningAnnual Average

60 LocationalRunningAnnual Average

MCLG

MRDLG = 4.0

NA

MRDLG = 800

0.8

0

NA

NA

LowestLevel

0.03

0.33

ND

ND

ND

9

ND

HighestLevel

2.4

3.5

580

0.85

ND

71

36

Highest Running Annual Average

0.80

1.7 (lowest runningannual average)

NA

0.5 (highest monthly

average)

2

54

21

Major Sourcein Drinking Water

Water additive used to controlmicrobes

Naturally present in the

environment

Water additive as an oxidant

Byproduct of drinking watertreatment

Byproduct of drinking watertreatment Byproduct

of drinking waterdisinfection

Byproductof drinking waterdisinfection

Substance

Chlorine

Total Organic Carbon RemovalRatio

Chlorine Dioxide

Chlorite

Bromate

Total Trihalomethanes(TTHM)

Haloacetic Acids (HAA)

2013 Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct Monitoring

Important Information for Immuno-compromised Persons

2013 Unregulated ContaminantsUnitsppb

ppb

ppb

ppb

ppb

ppb

ppb

MCLNone

None

None

None

None

100

None

Lowest LevelND

388

ND

ND

ND

Highest Level5.4

1140

23

884

0.080

Average2.6

660

6

160

0.003

ND 1.7 0.4

Major Source in Drinking WaterNaturally�occurring element found in ores and present in plants, animals and bacteria;commonly used form molybdenum trioxideused as a chemical reagent.

Naturally�occurring element; historically, commercial use of strontium has been in thefaceplate glass of cathode�ray tubetelevisions to block x�ray emissions.

Naturally occurring elemental metal; used as vanadium pentoxide which is a chemicalintermediate and a catalyst

Agricultural defoliant or desiccant; disinfection byproduct; and used inproduction of chlorine dioxide.

Used as a fire�extinguishing fluid, an explosive suppressant, and as a solvent inthe manufacturing of pesticides.

Naturally�occurring element; used in making steel and other alloys; chromium-3 orchromium-6 forms are used for chrome-plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanningand wood preservation.

Naturally�occurring element; used in making steel and other alloys; used for chrome-plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanningand wood preservation.

SubstanceMolybdenum

Strontium

Vanadium

Chlorate

Bromoch-loromethane(Halon 1011)

Chromium, Total

Chromium-6

Surface water (97% of Phoenix’s water)

2.8 46.1 18.2Ground water (3% of Phoenix’s water)

0.2 1.7 0.5Distribution Sites

ND 1.6 0.35Surface water (97% of Phoenix’s water)

1.8 46.0 17.8Ground water (3% of Phoenix’s water)

0.1 1.6 0.4Distribution Sites

The filters in the water treatment process produce water of superior clarity. Turbidity readings are a measure of thatwater clarity and a good indicator that the treatment process is removing tiny particles, including microorganisms.

The standard for turbidity or clarity after treatment is 0.3 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU – a measure of clarity) in atleast 95 percent of the measurements taken each month, and must not exceed 1NTU.

Water Treatment Process Designed to Remove Turbidity

2013 Turbidity Monitoring after Treatment at the Water Treatment PlantsTreatment Technique applies

instead of MCLNo value can exceed 1 NTU and at least 95% of monthly measurementsmust be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU

MCLG

NA

Highest Measurement

1

Lowest Monthly Percentage

98%

Major Source inDrinking Water

Soil runoff

Substance

Turbidity

Phoenix tests water for various microbiologicalorganisms, including Cryptosporidium (often called

Crypto, for short) and Giardia. Crypto and Giardia causediarrheal illness through ingestion of soil, food, water orsurfaces that have been contaminated with feces frominfected humans or animals. There were no cases of thedisease caused by either organism attributed to the publicwater supply in our service area. Low levels of Crypto andGiardia were found in raw water before it was treated bythe water treatment plants.

EPA currently does not require Phoenix to test forCrypto and Giardia because the advanced treatmenttechniques used at the water treatment plants areshown to remove the organisms. However, Phoenix willcontinue to test for these organisms due to theirpresence in the raw water supply. For moreinformation about Cryptosporidium, Giardia and othermicrobial contaminants, contact the EPA’s Safe DrinkingWater Hotline at 800-426-4791.

Tests Show NoCryptosporidium orGiardia in OurDrinking Water

If you have questions about this report,concerns about water quality, or input aboutyour water supply, treatment and delivery, callPhoenix Water Services’ Environmental ServicesDivision at 602-262-5012 Monday through Friday,except holidays, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., or writeto: “Water Quality Questions,” c/o City of PhoenixWater Services Department, Environmental ServicesDivision, 200 W. Washington St., 9th Floor, Phoenix,AZ 85003-1611.

Citizens who wish to address the Phoenix CityCouncil about water issues or other non-agendaitems may do so at the Citizen Request Sessions atCity Council Formal meetings, which are held in theCity Council Chambers, 200 W. Jefferson St. Forinformation about specific meeting times andagenda items, please contact the City of PhoenixCity Clerk Department at 602-262-6811 or visitphoenix.gov and click on Mayor/City Council, CityMeetings, and Public Meetings.

For alternate formats, contact Customer Servicesat 602-262-6251/Voice, or 602-534-1113/TTY, or602-534-3695/FAX. You also can visit the city’s website at phoenix.gov for more information. An onlineversion of this report is available atphoenix.gov/waterservices/quality.

You also may call the EPA’s Safe DrinkingWater Hotline for information about the SafeDrinking Water Act or EPA’s other drinking waterprograms at 800-426-4791.

Internet sites that provide informationabout your drinking water

• Arizona Department of Health Services –azdhs.gov

• Maricopa County Environmental Services Dept. –maricopa.gov/envsvc

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency –water.epa.gov/drink

• Centers for Disease Control – cdc.gov• Arizona Department of Environmental Quality –azdeq.gov

• Tap Into Quality – tapintoquality.com

Taste, odor and hardness are not regulated under drinking water health standards. However, these are harmless, aestheticaspects that some consumers may notice.

Algae that grow in the canals during the late summer and fall are a major source of a “musty” odor and taste detected by someconsumers. When the algae bloom, they produce a strong odor. Even though the algae are removed from the water during thetreatment process, the odor may linger. The result is similar to removing a bouquet of fresh flowers from a room. Even though theflowers are gone, the aroma remains.

The city of Phoenix is working to eliminate the aesthetic effects of algae through various programs, including a cooperative effortto remove algae from the SRP canals that feed the water treatment plants, and the use of activated carbon to absorb residual odors.

Water hardness indicates the presence of minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, which originate from the soils our sourcewater contacts as it travels to Phoenix’s water treatment plants. These minerals are leached into the water. Hard water can causesome types of scaling in pipes and water heaters, and on plumbing fixtures such as faucets and showerheads. See the chart belowfor data about hardness and other aesthetic parameters.

Taste, Odor and Hardness

2013 Aesthetic Water Quality Analysis from Distribution System and Secondary Drinking Water GuidelinesSubstanceAlkalinityIronpH

NickelSodium

Temperature

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)Total Hardness

UnitsppmppbNAppbppmºCºFppm

ppm grains/gallon

Secondary Guideline * NA300

6.5 - 8.5NANANA

500

NA

Lowest Detected Level117ND7.6ND731253328

19011

Highest Detected Level18778.25**19435 95774

28917

* Non-Enforceable Guidelines Recommended by EPA. **2011 Monitoring - Some of our data, though representative, are more than a year old. The state of Arizona allows us tomonitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not changefrequently. Nickel was monitored at all active locations in 2011.If you choose to install home treatment systems to remove taste and odor or other substances, it is important to note that

failure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions concerning operation and maintenance can result in potentially unsafe water.More information about home treatment systems is available from the Arizona Water Quality Association. They can be reached atazwqa.org; or at 480-947-9850.

The following are definitions of terms used to describetypes of limits for substances that may be found indrinking water.Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) – The level of

a contaminant in drinking water below which there is noknown or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for amargin of safety.Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) – The highest level

of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLsare set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the bestavailable treatment technology.Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG) –

The level of drinking water disinfectant below which thereis no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do notreflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to controlmicrobial contaminants.Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) - The

highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water.There is convincing evidence that addition of a

disinfectant is required for control of microbialcontaminants.Treatment Technique (TT) – A required process intended

to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.Action Level (AL) – The concentration of a contaminant

which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or otherrequirements which a water system must follow.Part per million/part per billion – One part per million (1

ppm) or one milligram per liter (1 mg/L) is approximatelyequal to one drop of bubble bath in a whole bathtub full ofwater (about 50 gallons). One part per billion (1 ppb) orone microgram per liter (1 µg/L) is approximately equal toone drop of bubble bath in 1,000 bathtubs full of water(about 50,000 gallons), or is approximately one second oftime in 32 years.Locational running annual average (LRAA) is the average

of sample analytical results for samples taken at aparticular monitoring location during the previous fourcalendar quarters.

Understanding the Language of Water

Where to Learn More Aboutthe Quality of Our Water

Visit phoenix.gov/water for more information about tap water and sewer services.

Lead and copper usually enter our drinking water from corrosion of household plumbing, pipesand fixtures that contain these metals, such as copper piping, lead solder or brass fixtures.

The EPA requires water suppliers to perform periodic tests for lead and copper in the tap water frominside consumers’ homes. Tests show levels in Phoenix household tap water met the Action Levelrequired by federal drinking water standards for lead and copper.

While Phoenix meets the Action Level, lead and copper levels at some consumer’s homes may beelevated due to leaching of the metals into the water from materials used in the household plumbingor fixtures. If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially forpregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials andcomponents associated with service lines and home plumbing. The city of Phoenix is responsible forproviding high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbingcomponents. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential forlead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking orcooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested.Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and the steps you can take to minimizeexposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at water.epa.gov/drink/info/lead.

2012* Results of Lead and Copper Sampling fromResidential Water Taps

Action Level(AL) appliesinstead of

MCL90% of tapstested mustnot exceed 15 ppb

90% of tapstested mustnot exceed 1.3 ppm

MCLG

0

1.3ppm

90% of tapswere less

than or equalto this value

3 ppb

0.4 ppm

Number ofsites abovethe AL

Zero (0) outof 56 taps sampled

Zero (0) outof 56 taps sampled

MajorSource

in Drinking Water

Corrosion ofhousehold plumbingsystems

Corrosion ofhousehold plumbingsystems

Substance

Lead

Copper

SubstanceArsenic*

Barium

ChromiumFluoride

Nitrate ** (as N)Selenium

Major Sources in Drinking waterErosion of natural deposits; Runoff from orchards; Runoff from glass andelectronics production wastes.Discharge of drilling wastes; Discharge from metal refineries; Erosion ofnatural deposits.Discharge from steel and pulp mills; Erosion of natural deposits.Erosion of natural deposits; Water additive, which promotes strong teeth;Discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion ofnatural deposits.Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits;Discharge from mines.

2013 DETECTED Substances at Points Where Water Enters the Distribution System

*While your drinking water meets EPA's standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. EPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic,which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems.

**Nitrate in drinking water at levels greater than 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue babysyndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice fromyour health care provider.

2013 DETECTED Radioactive Substances at Points Where Water Enters the Distribution System

2013 Microbiological Monitoring in the Distribution System

Unitsppb

ppm

ppbppm

ppm

ppb

MCL10 Running

Annual Average2

1004

10

50

MCLG0

2

1004

10

50

Lowest Level1

0.10

ND 0.7

ND

2

Highest Level7.5

0.10

390.7

7.1

2

Highest RunningAnnual Average

6.9

NA

34NA

NA

NA

SubstanceAlpha EmittersUraniumCombined Radium

UnitspCi/LppbpCi/L

MCL15305

MCLG000

Lowest Level0.1 0.8ND

Highest Level2.43.10.8

Major Source in Drinking WaterErosion of natural depositsErosion of natural depositsErosion of natural deposits

ABBREVIATIONS / FOOTNOTES USED IN TABLES

SubstanceTotal ColiformBacteria

MCLPresence in no more than5% of monthly samples

Highest monthly percentageof positive samples

0.8%(3 positive samples out of

382 samples)

MCLG0

Major Source inDrinking WaterNaturally present in theenvironment

NA

ND

pCi/L

Not Applicable

Not detected (Substance was analyzed but not detected)

Picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)

Substances detected in the water and the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) allowed in drinking water according to federal and state regulations are shown in the tables in this report.This report lists only the substances that were detected in the water. If you would like to receive a list of all the substances tested in city of Phoenix water, please contact the Water ServicesDepartment’s Environmental Services Division at 602-262-5012. Please note, the simple presence of a substance or contaminant in drinking water does NOT necessarily indicate thedrinking water poses a health risk.

In 2005, the Arizona Department of EnvironmentalQuality (ADEQ) conducted a source waterassessment for the drinking water wells and the surfacewater sources for the city of Phoenix water treatmentplants. This assessment reviewed the adjacent land usesthat may pose a potential risk to the water sources.These risks include, but are not limited to, gas stations,landfills, dry cleaners, agricultural fields, wastewatertreatment plants, and mining activities. Once ADEQidentified the adjacent land uses, they were ranked as totheir potential to affect the water source.

The assessment has designated water from theCentral Arizona Project aqueduct to have a high risk

because the source water is often stored in LakePleasant prior to being transported to a city watertreatment plant. There have been reportable releases orspills of a substance at a facility near the lake that havenot been reported as being remediated. The spill at thisfacility makes the CAP source water susceptible topotential future contamination.

Phoenix ensures the safety of your drinking water bycontinuously monitoring the treated water as required bydrinking water regulations. Phoenix also conducts othermonitoring and studies to assess water quality. If anycontaminant approaches the drinking water MCL,treatment is installed or wells are removed from service.

Residents can help protect our water sources bypracticing good septic system maintenance, takinghazardous household chemicals to hazardous materialcollection sites, and limiting pesticide and fertilizer use.

The complete report is available for review at ADEQ,1110 W. Washington St., Phoenix, AZ 85007 or byrequesting an electronic copy from ADEQ atdml@azdeq.gov.

For more information visit the ADEQ website at:www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/dw/swap.html, or contactthe Phoenix Water Services Department’s EnvironmentalServices Division at 602-262-5012.

Meeting Lead and Copper Standards

Source Water Assessment Summary for the City Drinking Water Sources

*2012 Monitoring - Some of our data, though representative, are more than ayear old. The state of Arizona allows us to monitor for some contaminantsless than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants donot change frequently.