Water Reclamation and Water Reclamation and Reuse RegulationReuse Regulation

(9 VAC 25-740)(9 VAC 25-740)

Potomac Watershed Potomac Watershed RoundtableRoundtable

October 3, 2008October 3, 2008

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What is reclaimed water?What is reclaimed water?

Water resulting from the treatment of Water resulting from the treatment of domestic, municipal or industrial domestic, municipal or industrial wastewater that is suitable for a water reuse wastewater that is suitable for a water reuse that would not otherwise occur. that would not otherwise occur.

What is water reuse?What is water reuse?

The use of reclaimed water for a direct The use of reclaimed water for a direct beneficial use, an indirect potable reuse, or beneficial use, an indirect potable reuse, or a controlled use in accordance with the a controlled use in accordance with the regulation. regulation.

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Principle factors driving water Principle factors driving water reclamation and reuse in the U.S. reclamation and reuse in the U.S.

and Virginiaand Virginia

Rapid growth rate in urban areasRapid growth rate in urban areas

Alternative to effluent point source Alternative to effluent point source dischargesdischarges

(EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse, 2004)(EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse, 2004)

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Who regulates water reuse in Who regulates water reuse in Virginia?Virginia?

DEQDEQ – regulates the reclamation and reuse of – regulates the reclamation and reuse of domestic, municipal (sewage) or domestic, municipal (sewage) or industrial wastewaterindustrial wastewater

VDHVDH – provides guidelines on the use of gray – provides guidelines on the use of gray waterwater

DCRDCR – will regulate the reclamation and reuse – will regulate the reclamation and reuse of storm water, including rainwater of storm water, including rainwater (SB 378, 2008)(SB 378, 2008)

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Water reclamation and reuse Water reclamation and reuse is is voluntaryvoluntary – not mandatory – not mandatory

If you choose to do it, you If you choose to do it, you must comply with the Water must comply with the Water Reclamation and Reuse Reclamation and Reuse Regulation unless excluded Regulation unless excluded per 9VAC25-740-50per 9VAC25-740-50

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Water Reclamation and Reuse Water Reclamation and Reuse RegulationRegulation

Part I - Definitions and General Part I - Definitions and General Program RequirementsProgram Requirements

Part II - Reclaimed Water Standards, Part II - Reclaimed Water Standards, Monitoring Requirements and Monitoring Requirements and ReusesReuses

Part III - Application and Technical Part III - Application and Technical RequirementsRequirements

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Exclusions of Water Reclamation Exclusions of Water Reclamation and Reuse Regulationand Reuse Regulation

Activities permitted by VDH Activities permitted by VDH Utilization of gray waterUtilization of gray water Non-potable water produced and utilized by the same Non-potable water produced and utilized by the same

treatment works (other qualifying factors)treatment works (other qualifying factors) Recycle flows within treatment worksRecycle flows within treatment works Industrial effluents or other water streams prior to final Industrial effluents or other water streams prior to final

treatment used in re-circulation, recycle or reuse systems treatment used in re-circulation, recycle or reuse systems at the same industrial facility (other qualifying factors)at the same industrial facility (other qualifying factors)

Land treatment systems described by SCAT RegulationsLand treatment systems described by SCAT Regulations Indirect reuse excluding indirect potable reuse projects Indirect reuse excluding indirect potable reuse projects

after 10/1/08after 10/1/08 Existing indirect potable reuse as of 10/1/08 Existing indirect potable reuse as of 10/1/08 Direct injection of reclaimed water into an aquifer Direct injection of reclaimed water into an aquifer

authorized by UIC permit issued by EPAauthorized by UIC permit issued by EPA

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Prohibitions of Water Reclamation Prohibitions of Water Reclamation and Reuse Regulationand Reuse Regulation

Direct potable reuse Direct potable reuse

Reuse inside a residential/domestic dwelling or building Reuse inside a residential/domestic dwelling or building containing a residential/domestic unitcontaining a residential/domestic unit

Reuse to fill residential swimming pools, hot tubs or Reuse to fill residential swimming pools, hot tubs or wading poolswading pools

Reuse for food preparation or incorporation as an Reuse for food preparation or incorporation as an ingredient into food or beverage for human consumptioningredient into food or beverage for human consumption

Bypasses of untreated or partially treated wastewater Bypasses of untreated or partially treated wastewater from the reclamation system or intermediate unit process from the reclamation system or intermediate unit process to the point of reuse (with some exceptions) to the point of reuse (with some exceptions)

Return of reclaimed water to the reclaimed water Return of reclaimed water to the reclaimed water distribution system after delivery to an end userdistribution system after delivery to an end user

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Standards for Reclaimed WaterStandards for Reclaimed Water

• For the reclamation of municipal For the reclamation of municipal wastewaterwastewater

Level 1Level 1

Level 2Level 2

• For the reclamation of industrial For the reclamation of industrial wastewater – determined on a wastewater – determined on a case-by-case basiscase-by-case basis

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ParameterStandards for Reclaimed Water

Level 1 Level 2

Description of minimum treatmentSecondary treatment with filtration and higher level disinfection

Secondary treatment with standard disinfection

Fecal coliform orMonthly geometric mean < 14 colonies/100 ml; CAT > 49 colonies/100 ml

Monthly geometric mean < 200 colonies/100 ml; CAT > 800 colonies/100 ml

E. coli orMonthly geometric mean < 11 colonies/100 ml; CAT > 35 colonies/100 ml

Monthly geometric mean < 126 colonies/100 ml; CAT > 235 colonies/100 ml

EnterococciMonthly geometric mean < 11 colonies/100 ml; CAT > 24 colonies/100 ml

Monthly geometric mean < 35 colonies/100 ml; CAT > 104 colonies/100 ml

Total Residual Chlorine

CAT < 1 mg/l after a minimum contact time of 30 minutes at average flow or 20 minutes at peak flow

CAT < 1 mg/l after a minimum contact time of 30 minutes at average flow or 20 minutes at peak flow

pH 6.0-9.0 standard units 6.0-9.0 standard units

BOD5 or Monthly average < 10 mg/lMonthly average < 30 mg/l; maximum weekly average 45 mg/l

CBOD Monthly average < 8 mg/lMonthly average < 25 mg/l; maximum weekly average 40 mg/l

TurbidityDaily average of discrete measurements recorded over a 24-hour period < 2 NTU; CAT > 5 NTU

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)Monthly average < 30 mg/l; maximum weekly average 45 mg/l

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Reuse Categories and Minimum Reuse Categories and Minimum Standard RequirementsStandard Requirements

1.1. Urban - Unrestricted Access (Level 1)Urban - Unrestricted Access (Level 1)

2.2. Irrigation - Unrestricted Access (Level 1)Irrigation - Unrestricted Access (Level 1)

3.3. Irrigation - Restricted Access (Level 2)Irrigation - Restricted Access (Level 2)

4.4. Landscape Impoundments (Level 1 or 2)Landscape Impoundments (Level 1 or 2)

5.5. Construction (Level 2)Construction (Level 2)

6.6. Industrial (Level 1 or 2) Industrial (Level 1 or 2)

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Reuse Category ReuseMinimum Standard

Requirementsa.

1. Urban – Unrestricted Access

All types of landscape irrigation in public access areas (i.e., golf courses, cemeteries, public parks, school yards and athletic fields)

Toilet flushing – non-residentialFire fighting or protection and fire suppression in non-

residential buildingsOutdoor domestic or residential reuse (i.e., lawn watering

and non-commercial car washing)Commercial car washesCommercial air conditioning systems

Level 1

2. Irrigation – Unrestricted Access

Irrigation for any food crops not commercially processed, including crops eaten raw

Level 1

3. Irrigation – Restricted Accessb.

Irrigation for any food crops commercially processed

Level 2Irrigation for non-food crops and turf, including fodder, fiber and seed crops; pasture for foraging livestock; sod farms; ornamental nurseries; and silviculture

a. For reclaimed industrial wastewater, minimum standards required shall be determined on a case-by-case basis relative to the proposed reuse or reuses.

b. For irrigation with reclaimed water treated to Level 2, the following shall be prohibited unless Level 1 disinfection is provided:

1. Grazing by milking animals on the irrigation reuse site for 15 days after irrigation with reclaimed water ceases, and

2. Harvesting, retail sale or allowing access by the general public to ornamental nursery stock or sod farms for 14 days after irrigation with reclaimed water ceases.

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Reuse Category ReuseMinimum Standard

Requirementsa.

4. Landscape Impoundments

Potential for public access or contact Level 1

No Potential for public access or contact Level 2

5. Constructionc.

Soil compactionDust controlWashing aggregateMaking concrete

Level 2

6. Industrialc.

Commercial laundries Level 1

Livestock wateringd.

Aquaculturee.

Stack scrubbingStreet washingBoiler feedShip ballastOnce-through coolingRecirculating cooling towers

Level 2

c. Worker contact with reclaimed water treated to Level 2 shall be minimized. Level 1 disinfection shall be provided when worker contact with reclaimed water is likely.

d. Level 1 disinfection shall be provided when the reclaimed water is consumed by milking livestock.e. Level 1 disinfection shall be provided for aquaculture production of fish to be consumed raw, such as for sushi.

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Irrigation ReuseIrrigation Reuse

• All irrigation with reclaimed water must be All irrigation with reclaimed water must be supplemental irrigationsupplemental irrigation

• Irrigation with non-BNR reclaimed water will have Irrigation with non-BNR reclaimed water will have nutrient management requirementsnutrient management requirements

Non-BNR reclaimed water – annual average total N & total P > 8 Non-BNR reclaimed water – annual average total N & total P > 8 & 1 mg/l, respectively& 1 mg/l, respectively

Bulk irrigationBulk irrigation w/ non-BNR reclaimed water – will require NMPs w/ non-BNR reclaimed water – will require NMPs

Non-bulk irrigationNon-bulk irrigation w/ non-BNR reclaimed water – no NMPs but w/ non-BNR reclaimed water – no NMPs but will require provider to implement other measures to manage will require provider to implement other measures to manage nutrients from this reuse within the service areanutrients from this reuse within the service area

• Independent of reclaimed water nutrient content, Independent of reclaimed water nutrient content, NMP also required for certain bulk irrigation sitesNMP also required for certain bulk irrigation sites

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Permitting for Water Reclamation Permitting for Water Reclamation and Reuseand Reuse

• Through existing VPDES and VPA Permit Programs Through existing VPDES and VPA Permit Programs

• Most end users will not be permitted, but will be Most end users will not be permitted, but will be required to enter into service agreement/contract required to enter into service agreement/contract with providerwith provider

• Permits will be required for existing unpermitted or Permits will be required for existing unpermitted or new proposed facilities that are/will produce or new proposed facilities that are/will produce or distribute reclaimed waterdistribute reclaimed water

• Grand fathering provision for existing permitted Grand fathering provision for existing permitted facilities producing, distributing or using reclaimed facilities producing, distributing or using reclaimed water – no permit application until expansion or water – no permit application until expansion or modificationmodification

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Application for a PermitApplication for a Permit

• General information – for reclamation systems and General information – for reclamation systems and reclaimed water distribution systemsreclaimed water distribution systems

• Reclaimed Water Management (RWM) Plan – for Reclaimed Water Management (RWM) Plan – for provider of reclaimed water to end user or selfprovider of reclaimed water to end user or self

Description and map of service areaDescription and map of service area

Inventory of reclaimed and reject water storageInventory of reclaimed and reject water storage

Water balance – reclaimed water generated, stored, Water balance – reclaimed water generated, stored, reused and dischargedreused and discharged

Example service agreements or contractsExample service agreements or contracts

Education and notification program (Level 1)Education and notification program (Level 1)

Cross-connection & backflow prevention programCross-connection & backflow prevention program

Nutrient management requirements for irrigation reuseNutrient management requirements for irrigation reuse

Site plans for bulk irrigation reuse sitesSite plans for bulk irrigation reuse sites

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Use Area Requirements for Use Area Requirements for Reclaimed WaterReclaimed Water

• Education and notification program (Level 1 Education and notification program (Level 1 reclaimed water)reclaimed water)

• General requirements for General requirements for allall irrigation reuses of irrigation reuses of reclaimed waterreclaimed water

• General requirements for General requirements for bulkbulk irrigation reuses of irrigation reuses of reclaimed waterreclaimed water

• Setbacks distances for irrigation reuse – specific to Setbacks distances for irrigation reuse – specific to Level 1 and Level 2 reclaimed waterLevel 1 and Level 2 reclaimed water

• Setback distances for other reuses (i.e., indoor Setback distances for other reuses (i.e., indoor aesthetic features and open cooling towers) aesthetic features and open cooling towers)

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Other Important Items in the Other Important Items in the RegulationRegulation

• Reclaimed water monitoring requirementsReclaimed water monitoring requirements

• Design criteria for reclamation systems, distribution Design criteria for reclamation systems, distribution systems and storagesystems and storage

• Construction requirementsConstruction requirements

• Operator requirements and system reliabilityOperator requirements and system reliability

• Operation and maintenanceOperation and maintenance

• Management of pollutants from significant industrial Management of pollutants from significant industrial usersusers

• Access control and advisory signsAccess control and advisory signs

• Generator and distributor reporting requirements Generator and distributor reporting requirements

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Remaining Regulation Milestones Remaining Regulation Milestones and Implementationand Implementation

Final implementation guidance – fall Final implementation guidance – fall or winter 2008or winter 2008

9VAC25-740-105 to be deleted– late 9VAC25-740-105 to be deleted– late 2008 or early 20092008 or early 2009

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Program Information:Program Information:

www.deq.virginia.gov/vpa/waterreuse.htmlwww.deq.virginia.gov/vpa/waterreuse.html

Contact Information:Contact Information:

Valerie RourkeValerie Rourke

DEQ, Office of Land Application ProgramsDEQ, Office of Land Application Programs

(804) 698-4158(804) 698-4158

varourke@deq.virginia.govvarourke@deq.virginia.gov

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Questions?Questions?