water situation in gurgaon - un escap · water consumption brought down) cooling towers: coc must...

Catalyzing Green Growth through

Efficient Water Use in Industries: Case of

Thermal Power Plant in India

Anshuman

Associate Director,

Water Resources Division

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

24th February 2015

UNESCAP and K-Water Conference on “Water & Green Growth”

UNCC, Bangkok

Structure of Presentation

1. Challenges in Water Sector

2. WUE for GG: Case Study of Thermal

Power Plant

• TERI has been endorsed as Regional Water Knowledge Hub for water and climate change adaptation in South Asia by the Asia-Pacific Water Forum's (APWF) Governing Council

• TERI has been identified as ‘Key Resource Centre for water and sanitation’ by Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (MoRD).

• Water Laboratory (Environment laboratory) has been recognized (accredited) by MoEF under Environment Protection Act (EPA).


India Water Forum

State of Water Resources Global & Indian Scenario

Major Challenges

Declining per capita water availability

Many river basins are water stressed and likely

to be water scarce.

Increasing & competing water demand;

Demand-Supply Gap

Overexploitation/Depletion of groundwater

Water quality issues

Urban (NRW/UFW);

Irrational Tariff, inequitable access

Others

Major Challenges

Increasing & competing demand

(Worldwide)

• Freshwater withdrawals are expected to rise by 2025

- By 50% in developing countries and by 18% in developed countries.

• Worldwide, the volume of water used by industries is estimated to rise

significantly from 752 km3/year (1995) to 1170 km3/year by 2025. (Source: UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme, WWDR)

• Low & middle income countries expected to follow the growth pattern of

high income industries increasing their industrial water use over

agricultural use.

Industrial Use 22%

Domestic Use8%

Agricultural Use70%

World

Industrial Use 59%

Domestic Use11%

Agricultural Use30%

High Income Countries

Industrial Use 10%

Domestic Use8%

Agricultural Use82%

Low and Middle Income Countries

Developmental stress on water resources

Developmental stress on water resources

Industrial water use in India

(how much..?)

The ratio of water consumption and economic value creation is around US $ 7.5, which is very low

Source: World bank (1998)

Impacts of Climate Change

The impacts of climate change may further exacerbate the

situation. Some of the observations over the 20th century include

(IPCC, 2007); • Increase in temperatures , Decrease in snow and ice cover

(Glacial melting), Rise in global average sea level rise (SLR), Rise

in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs), Increase in frequency and

intensity of extreme events

Changes in precipitation/rainfall, its frequency and intensity. • Directly affecting the runoff rates and thus the surface and

groundwater supply (availability & quality) to various sectors

including irrigation, domestic, industries etc..

NAPCC (National Water Mission) (Revised draft 2009)

Conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more

equitable distribution both across and within States through

integrated water resources development and management”

Impact of Climate Change

NAPCC/ NWM

NAPCC (National Water Mission)

(Five Identified Goals)

Comprehensive water data base in public domain and

assessment of impact of climate change on water resource;

Promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation,

augmentation and preservation;

Focused attention to over-exploited areas

Increasing water use efficiency by 20%

• Develop guidelines; Recycling/reuse of water/wastewater,

Water positive/neutral technologies, Urban water supply

efficiency

• Develop guidelines for mandatory water audit

• Pilot studies in collaboration with states by 2012

Promotion of basin level integrated water resources

management

Given the challenges in water sector…

• The conscience for efficient water management

needs to take a center stage in business planning

by the Industries (agriculture/domestic sectors).

• Interventions by industries can be an effective tool

in catalysing green growth in the developing

economies aiming for sustainable development

through strategies including resource use

efficiency and reduction in environmental

pollution

Water Audit (Reducing water consumption & improving efficiency)

Case Study

Thermal Power Plant

“What gets measured,

gets managed”

Water Audits should become routine exercises and must be institutionalised

• Establishment/investigation of water supply & distribution network, pipes, pumps etc.

• Establishment of complete water balance overall and individual stages.

(Including the raw water, clarified water, DM water, drinking water system; circulating water, fire water, service water, cooling towers, ash handling water, drain/sewage, residential colony drinking water etc.)

• Assessment of overall water consumption

• Characterization of water quality in main streams and identification of options for recycle and reuse.

• Assessment of Cycle of Concentration (COC), specific water consumption.

• Identification of leakages and losses in the system.

• Identification of scope for water conservation with recommendation on recycle and reuse.

Scope of Water Audit

Water Use: Thermal Power Plant

Water use diagram of a typical coal based thermal power plant

Ash water recirculation

Filter

House

Boilers

Steam

Turbines

Condensers

Feed Water

Fire

Fighting

Surface Water Reservoir

Ash

Handling

System

Ash water

Tank

Ash

Dyke

Evaporative + Drift

Losses

Cooling

Towers

Auxiliary

uses

Coal

Handling

Power

Generation

Unit

Mak

e-up

Wat

er

Drinking

water

supply

Raw Water

Treatment

(Clarification)

DM Plant

Closed-Cycle

Water

Recirculation

Water Reservoir Stage-I (Main Intake)

Aerator

Stage-I

Clarifier

Stage-I

Filter House

Stage-I

OAC Stage-I

To Plant (Drinking)

To Township (Drinking)

DM Plant Stage -I

Units Stage-I

Auxiliary Cooling

Cooling Towers Stage-I

AHP

Ash Dyke

AWRPH-2

Aerator

Stage-II

Clarifier

Stage-II

CLW Pump

House Stage-II

DM Plant Stage-II

Units

Stage-II

Navjeevan Vihar Colony

- Plant (Drinking)

- Township (Drinking)

- Service water

OAC Stage

II PHE

Cooling Towers Stage-II

Stage-IV

Ash Water

Tank Stage-II

Aerator

Stage-III

Clarifier

Stage-III

CLW Pump House Stage-III

DW to

Plant

HVAC

OAC StageI

II

Units Stage-III

Cooling Towers Stage-III

DM Tank

PHE Lake Park

Pond

Ash Water

Tank

Stage-III

Water Balance Diagram

of Thermal Power Plant

Water source canal / River

Water Reservoir Stage-III (Main Intake)

Ash

Dyke

AHP

Ash

Dyke

AHP

Identification of Process/Water Use

Fire Hydrant


Aerator

Stage-I

Clarifier

Stage-I

Filter House

Stage-I

OAC Stage-I

To Plant (Drinking)


DM Plant Stage -I

Units Stage-I

Auxiliary Cooling


AHP

Ash Dyke

AWRPH-2

Aerator

Stage-II

Clarifier

Stage-II

CLW Pump

House Stage-II

DM Plant Stage-II

Units

Stage-II


- Plant (Drinking)


- Service water

OAC Stage

II PHE


Stage-IV

Ash Water

Tank Stage-II

Aerator

Stage-III

Clarifier

Stage-III


DW to

Plant

HVAC

OAC StageI

II

Units Stage-III


DM Tank

PHE Lake Park

Pond

Ash Water

Tank

Stage-III





Ash

Dyke

AHP

Ash

Dyke

AHP

Establishment/Verification of water supply

network

Fire Hydrant


Aerator

Stage-I

Clarifier

Stage-I

Filter House

Stage-I

OAC Stage-I

To Plant (Drinking)


DM Plant Stage -I

Units Stage-I

Auxiliary Cooling


AHP

Ash Dyke

AWRPH-2

Aerator

Stage-II

Clarifier

Stage-II

CLW Pump

House Stage-II

DM Plant Stage-II

Units

Stage-II


- Plant (Drinking)


- Service water

OAC Stage

II PHE


Stage-IV

Ash Water

Tank Stage-II

Aerator

Stage-III

Clarifier

Stage-III


DW to

Plant

HVAC

OAC StageI

II

Units Stage-III


DM Tank

PHE Lake Park

Pond

Ash Water

Tank

Stage-III





Ash

Dyke

AHP

Ash

Dyke

AHP

Flow & water quality monitoring

Fire Hydrant


Aerator

Stage-I

Clarifier

Stage-I

Filter House

Stage-I

OAC Stage-I

To Plant (Drinking)


DM Plant Stage -I

Units Stage-I

Auxiliary Cooling


AHP

Ash Dyke

AWRPH-2

Aerator

Stage-II

Clarifier

Stage-II

CLW Pump

House Stage-II

DM Plant Stage-II

Units

Stage-II


- Plant (Drinking)


- Service water

OAC Stage

II PHE


Stage-IV

Ash Water

Tank Stage-II

Aerator

Stage-III

Clarifier

Stage-III


DW to

Plant

HVAC

OAC StageI

II

Units Stage-III


DM Tank

PHE Lake Park

Pond

Ash Water

Tank

Stage-III




148178

4289

15383 8769

1495

329010

3688025 26314

5373

3223680

29759

114

60115 69261

626

2687

67322

1939

2728103 2525406

16210

47205

13563

20181

10237

17648

52950

271

23 787 90647

2637067 2291147


Ash

Dyke

AHP

3291

25246

Ash

Dyke

AHP 119737

Establishment of Water Balance

15633

Fire Hydrant

Specific Water Consumption (m3/MW)

Actual Overall Specific Water Consumption – about 4.8- 5 m3/MW

Scope for optimizing (Achievable Target SWC) – 3 m3/MW

Ash Handling1.42

(29.6 %)

Cooling Towers2.51

(52.4 %)

DM water0.05

(1.1 %)

Drinking water0.24

(5.1 %)

Fire Fighting0.31

(6.5 %)

Others0.26

(5.3 %)

Specific Water Consumption (Overall for VSTPS)(m3/MW )

Wastewater Discharge

Total Wastewater Discharged (unused) = 64000 m3/day (About 18% of

Intake water)

Wastewater quality reasonably good for recycling (Zero Discharge)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Drain 1

Wastewater discharge from Power Plant (m 3 /day)

Drain 2 Drain 3 Drain 4

Township

Per Capita Water Consumption, (lpcd) : 1500

(About 11 times the norms of 135 lpcd)

Even if about 350 lpcd water is provided to the Township

there stands an opportunity to save about 13000 m3/day

of treated water.

Water use at Township

Leakages/Losses: Some Visuals

State of water use before audit

Potential water saving areas identified (after audit)

Water for boiler auxiliary (discharged as waste) should be

reused .

High water loss (80-50%) in ash handling should be brought

down (overflows should be recycled, leakages plugged, Specific

water consumption brought down)

Cooling Towers: COC must be increased, Specific water

consumption should be reduced (to about 1.5 m3/MW),

overflows must be checked.

Township: Reduction in per capita water consumption (to 150

lpcd).

Recycling of about 64000 m3/day of wastewater being

discharged from the plant to achieve Zero discharge through a

treatment & recyling plant.

Township STP discharge water (suitable for horticultural uses)

should be reused entirely thus saving significant water and

ensuring zero discharge

Recommendations for water conservation

Potential reduction in water consumption

Immediate saving potential of about (81000 m3/day)

23% of total intake water; (18-26% in general)

A total overall water saving potential was about 60-

65% of the total intake water (freshwater) of the

entire plant.

Significant financial savings from water saving

interventions of about INR 7-9 Crores. (70-90

Million Rs.)

Cost benefit of water recycling system was

positive with a payback period of just 2.3 years.

Potential for water saving

• Recycle ash water: for ash handling, as well as for gardening, fire

fighting and dust suppression in the coal stacking yard.

• Wet ash handling should be shifted to dry ash handling (use of hydro

bins).

• Once-through water usage in cooling system should be shifted to

closed-cycle system with high number of re-circulations (CoC).

• CoCs in cooling towers should be increased. (e.g. chemical treatment

(anti-sludging, anti-sepsis, acidification, etc.), periodic maintenance,

etc.

• Wastewater discharged must be treated and recycled to achieve Zero

discharge and save freshwater (including Township STP discharge).

• Fire hydrant (fire fighting) water must not be used for any other

purposes.

• Regular water audits must be internalized under the corporate

policy.

• Automation should be introduced with a centralized control system

and established management information system (MIS).

Opportunities for Power Plants

Reducing industrial water foot print focusing on entire value

chain. [Adopting advanced technology, improving efficiency & water-rating, increasing

water productivity, reducing pollution, wastewater recycle/reuse (zero

discharge), conserving water and setting benchmarks/standards].

Policy intervention in identifying & setting

targets/benchmarks for industrial Water Use (Efficiency).

(supports SDGs) (Water positive, Water neutral, Zero discharge; “X” m3/Unit product …etc.)

Regular water audits should be internalized/made

mandatory policy.

Sustainably reducing the shared risk (physical and

environmental) on water through participatory management (involving local communities and other stakeholders under public private

partnership (PPP) mode. (Adopt local areas: Watersheds, Cities, Villages)

Contributions by Industries for GG

Policy Brief: Publication

Website: www.teriin.org/policybrief/index.php?a=6

Thank You

Contact Details:

Anshuman

Associate Director


The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

India Habitat Center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-03.

Ph: +9111 24682100 (Ext: 2302)

Mobile: (+91)9899809115

Email: [email protected]

water situation in gurgaon - un escap · water consumption brought down) cooling towers: coc must...

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