water supply and water conservation management...
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Water Supply and Water Conservation Management Plan May 2009
Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District
Prepared By: AECOM
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Water Supply and Water Conservation Management Plan Prepared for: Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District 40 Courtland Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303 www.northgeorgiawater.org Prepared by: AECOM, Maddaus Water Management, and R2T, Inc. May 2009
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WATER SUPPLY AND WATER CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN M A Y 2 0 0 9 Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary The Plan Update Process ...................................................................................................................... ES-1 Integration of Planning Efforts ......................................................................................................... ES-2 Key Changes to the Plan .................................................................................................................. ES-2 Existing Water Supply and Treatment Facilities .................................................................................. ES-2 Existing Water Supplies ................................................................................................................... ES-2 Existing Water Treatment Facilities ................................................................................................. ES-3 Existing Water Supply Interconnections .......................................................................................... ES-3 Existing Interbasin Transfers ........................................................................................................... ES-3 Water Demand Forecasts ...................................................................................................................... ES-4 Water Conservation Analysis................................................................................................................ ES-5 Water Conservation Program ................................................................................................................ ES-5 Water Supply Sources ........................................................................................................................... ES-6 Water Supply Facilities ......................................................................................................................... ES-7 Water Reuse .......................................................................................................................................... ES-8 Local Planning Recommendations........................................................................................................ ES-8 Water Supply Issues .............................................................................................................................. ES-9 State and Regional Policy Recommendations ...................................................................................... ES-9 Education and Public Awareness ........................................................................................................ ES-10 Plan Implementation ........................................................................................................................... ES-10 Implementation Funding ................................................................................................................ ES-10 Future Plan Evaluation ........................................................................................................................ ES-11
Section 1: Introduction The Metro Water District ......................................................................................................................... 1-1 Regional Water Resources Plans ............................................................................................................. 1-1 Plan Implementation ................................................................................................................................ 1-5 Implementation Progress ..................................................................................................................... 1-6 Water Conservation Program ......................................................................................................... 1-6 Water Supply Strategies ................................................................................................................. 1-7 Education and Public Awareness ................................................................................................... 1-8 Plan Development .................................................................................................................................... 1-8 Planning Process ................................................................................................................................. 1-8 Planning Participants ........................................................................................................................... 1-8 Policy Goals ........................................................................................................................................ 1-9 Plan Update Focus ............................................................................................................................... 1-9
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Integration with State Water Plan ..................................................................................................... 1-10 Key Changes to the Plan ................................................................................................................... 1-10 Plan Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 1-11 Organization of the Water Supply And Water Conservation Management Plan .............................. 1-11
Section 2: Existing Water Supply and Treatment Conditions Existing Water Supplies ........................................................................................................................... 2-1 Planned Reservoirs .............................................................................................................................. 2-4 Planned Storage ................................................................................................................................... 2-5 Groundwater Sources .......................................................................................................................... 2-5 Interbasin Transfers ............................................................................................................................. 2-6 Existing Chattahoochee Basin Return Flows ...................................................................................... 2-7 Existing Water Treatment Facilities .................................................................................................... 2-7 Existing Interconnections .................................................................................................................. 2-10 Non-municipal Permitted Withdrawals ............................................................................................. 2-10
Section 3: Water Demand Forecasts Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3-1 Data Collected .......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Water Billing and Production Data ..................................................................................................... 3-1 Population Forecasts ........................................................................................................................... 3-3 Plumbing Fixture Stock ....................................................................................................................... 3-5 Assumptions ............................................................................................................................................. 3-6 Adjusted Base Year Profile ...................................................................................................................... 3-6 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 3-8 Top-down Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 3-8 Bottom-up Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 3-8 Baseline Water Demand Forecasts ........................................................................................................ 3-11 Final Water Demand Forecasts with Metro Water District Conservation Program .............................. 3-12 Beyond 2035 .......................................................................................................................................... 3-13
Section 4: Water Conservation Analysis Existing Water Conservation Program .................................................................................................... 4-1 Evaluation of Additional Potential Water Conservation Measures ......................................................... 4-2 Cost-effectiveness Analysis ................................................................................................................ 4-3 Comparison of Measures ..................................................................................................................... 4-4 Best Option Packages .......................................................................................................................... 4-6 District-wide Results of Option Packages Evaluation ...................................................................... 4-10 County Results of Option Packages Evaluation ................................................................................ 4-11 Recommended Water Conservation Program (B) ............................................................................. 4-13 Future Water Demand With Option Packages .................................................................................. 4-13 Comparison with 2003 Plan ................................................................................................................... 4-15
Section 5: Water Conservation Program Action Item 5.1 – Conservation Pricing .................................................................................................. 5-2 Action Item 5.2 – Replace Older, Inefficient Plumbing Fixtures ............................................................ 5-5 Action Item 5.3 – Require Pre-rinse Spray Valve Retrofit Education Program ...................................... 5-7
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Action Item 5.4 – Rain Sensor Shut-off Switches on New Irrigation Systems ....................................... 5-8 Action Item 5.5 – Require Sub-meters in New Multi-Family Buildings ................................................. 5-9 Action Item 5.6 – Assess and Reduce Water System Leakage .............................................................. 5-10 Action Item 5.7 – Conduct Residential Water Audits ........................................................................... 5-13 Action Item 5.8 – Distribute Low-flow Retrofit Kits to Residential Users ........................................... 5-14 Action Item 5.9 – Conduct Commercial Water Audits .......................................................................... 5-16 Action Item 5.10 – Implement Education and Public Awareness Plan ................................................. 5-18 Action Item 5.11 – Install High Efficiency Toilets and High Efficiency Urinals in Government Buildings ................................................................................................................. 5-20 Action Item 5.12 – Require New Car Washes to Recycle Water .......................................................... 5-21
Section 6: Water Supply Sources Meeting 2035 Demand ............................................................................................................................. 6-1 Water Supply Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................ 6-3 2035 Water Supply Sources ..................................................................................................................... 6-3 Chattahoochee River Basin ................................................................................................................. 6-8 Chattahoochee Basin Limitations ................................................................................................... 6-9 Coosa River Basin ............................................................................................................................... 6-9 Coosa Basin Limitations .............................................................................................................. 6-10 Flint River Basin ............................................................................................................................... 6-10 Ocmulgee River Basin ...................................................................................................................... 6-12 Oconee River Basin ........................................................................................................................... 6-13 Tallapoosa River Basin ..................................................................................................................... 6-13 Future Interbasin Transfers .................................................................................................................... 6-14 Post-2035 Water Supply Options ........................................................................................................... 6-15 Chattahoochee River Basin ............................................................................................................... 6-17 Coosa River Basin ............................................................................................................................. 6-17 Flint River Basin ............................................................................................................................... 6-18 Ocmulgee River Basin ...................................................................................................................... 6-19 Oconee River Basin ........................................................................................................................... 6-20 Tallapoosa River Basin ..................................................................................................................... 6-20
Section 7: Reuse Types of Water Reuse .............................................................................................................................. 7-1 Metro Water District Water Reuse Alternatives ...................................................................................... 7-2 Non-potable Reuse .............................................................................................................................. 7-2 Indirect Potable Reuse ......................................................................................................................... 7-4 Reuse Demand Estimates ......................................................................................................................... 7-6 Non-Potable Reuse Demand Estimates ............................................................................................... 7-6 Indirect Potable Reuse Estimates ........................................................................................................ 7-7 Action Item 7.1 – Return Reclaimed Water to Lake Lanier and Lake Allatoona for Future Indirect Potable Reuse ............................................................................................................. 7-8 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................. 7-9
Section 8: Planned Water Supply Facilities Action Item 8.1 – Support Construction of 6 Planned Water Supply Reservoirs .................................... 8-2 Action Item 8.2 – Construct 6 New Water Treatment Plants .................................................................. 8-3
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Action Item 8.3 – Expand 28 Existing Water Treatment Plants .............................................................. 8-3 2035 Proposed Metro Water District Treatment Facilities and Capacities .............................................. 8-5
Section 9: Local Water Planning Action Item 9.1 – Develop Local Water Master Plans ............................................................................ 9-2 Action Item 9.2 – Develop or Update Local Emergency Water Plans .................................................... 9-5 Action Item 9.3 – Source Water Supply Watershed Protection ............................................................... 9-9 Action Item 9.4 – Water System Asset Management ............................................................................ 9-11
Section 10: Water Resources Issues Federal Operation of Lake Lanier and Allatoona Lake ......................................................................... 10-1 Water Quantity Issues ............................................................................................................................ 10-1 Consumptive Use .............................................................................................................................. 10-2 Reservoir Storage Reliability ............................................................................................................ 10-4 Regulation of Small Water Withdrawals .......................................................................................... 10-4 Instream Flow Protection Policy ....................................................................................................... 10-4 Emergency and Drought Planning Issues .......................................................................................... 10-5 Climate Change Impacts ................................................................................................................... 10-5 Water Quality Issues .............................................................................................................................. 10-6 Water Treatment Standards ............................................................................................................... 10-7 Groundwater Treatment Rule ............................................................................................................ 10-8 Chemicals of Concern ....................................................................................................................... 10-8 Sedimentation of Stream and River Intakes ...................................................................................... 10-8
Section 11: State and Regional Policy Recommendations Post-2035 Water Supply Source Planning ............................................................................................. 11-1 Facilitate New Water Supply Sources ................................................................................................... 11-1 Facilitate Water Permitting .................................................................................................................... 11-2 Encourage Conservation Through State Legislation ............................................................................. 11-2 Small Water Withdrawals ...................................................................................................................... 11-3 Comprehensive Land Use Plan Coordination ........................................................................................ 11-3 Water Conservation Program Evaluation .............................................................................................. 11-3
Section 12: Education and Public Awareness Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 12-1 Education and Public Awareness Approach .......................................................................................... 12-1 Water Supply and Water Conservation Messages ............................................................................ 12-1 Target Audiences .............................................................................................................................. 12-2 Delivery Techniques ......................................................................................................................... 12-4 Regional Education Program ................................................................................................................. 12-6 Local Education Program ...................................................................................................................... 12-8 Local Education Program Requirements ........................................................................................... 12-8 Example Descriptions of Activities ................................................................................................... 12-9
Section 13: Implementation Plan Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 13-1 Roles .................................................................................................................................................. 13-1
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Implementation Schedules ..................................................................................................................... 13-2 Implementation Costs ............................................................................................................................ 13-6 Implementation Funding ................................................................................................................... 13-8 Water Rates ....................................................................................................................................... 13-8 General Appropriations (General Fund) ........................................................................................... 13-8 Loans/Bonds ...................................................................................................................................... 13-8 Service Fees ...................................................................................................................................... 13-9 Grants .............................................................................................................................................. 13-10
Section 14: Future Plan Evaluation Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 14-1 Plan Reviews and Updates ..................................................................................................................... 14-1 Annual Reviews ................................................................................................................................ 14-2 Plan Updates ...................................................................................................................................... 14-2 Recommended Annual Reviews and Updates .................................................................................. 14-2 Plan Accountability ................................................................................................................................ 14-4 Measuring Progress ................................................................................................................................ 14-4 Overall Water Use Metrics ................................................................................................................ 14-4 Measuring the Water Conservation Program .................................................................................... 14-5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 14-8
APPENDICIES
Appendix A Plan Accountability Index
Appendix B County Level Summaries
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LIST OF FIGURES Executive Summary Figure ES-1: Metro Water District Overall Per Capita Water Use Trends (2001-2035) ...................... ES-4 Figure ES-2: Metro Water District Water Demand and Supply ........................................................... ES-7
Section 1: Introduction Figure 1-1: Metro Water District Area .................................................................................................... 1-2 Figure 1-2: Metro Water District Major River Basins ............................................................................. 1-4 Figure 1-3: Metro Water District Plan Development and Implementation .............................................. 1-5 Figure 1-4: Water Conservation Measures Implementation – 2008 ........................................................ 1-6 Figure 1-5: Water Rate Structures by Population Served ........................................................................ 1-7 Figure 1-6: Metro Water District Policy Goals ........................................................................................ 1-9
Section 2: Existing Water Supply and Treatment Conditions Figure 2-1: Chattahoochee Basin Withdrawals and Discharges for 2006 ............................................... 2-7
Section 3: Water Demand Forecasts Figure 3-1: Water System Diagram ......................................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2: 2006 Adjusted Municipal Water Use by County (AAD-MGD) ........................................... 3-2 Figure 3-3: Metro Water District Water Use Profile (AAD-MGD) ........................................................ 3-3 Figure 3-4: Toilet Fixture Estimates by County, Year 2006 .................................................................... 3-5 Figure 3-5: Water Use Model Methodology .......................................................................................... 3-10 Figure 3-6: Forecast of Baseline and Without Conservation Demands ................................................. 3-12
Section 4: Water Conservation Analysis Figure 4-1: Evaluation Process of Water Conservation Measures .......................................................... 4-3 Figure 4-2: Present Value of the Three Water Conservation Option Packages ..................................... 4-11 Figure 4-3: Metro Water District Annual Average Day Water Demand Forecasts (2006-2035) .......... 4-14 Figure 4-4: Metro Water District Overall Per Capita Water Use Trends (2001-2035) ......................... 4-16 Figure 4-5: Comparison of Baseline and Plan with Conservation between 2003 and 2009 Plans ........ 4-18
Section 6: Water Supply Sources Figure 6-1: Metro Water District Demand and Supply Forecasts ........................................................... 6-2 Figure 6-2: Comparison of Future Water Supplies to Meet Demands..................................................... 6-2 Figure 6-3: Surface Water Supply Sources Identified to Meet 2035 Demands ....................................... 6-4 Figure 6-4: Additional Potential New Surface Water Supply Sources for the Metro Water District (Post-2035) .......................................................................................................................... 6-16
Section 10: Water Resources Issues Figure 10-1: Chattahoochee Basin Withdrawals and Discharges for 2035 .......................................... 10-3
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LIST OF TABLES Executive Summary Table ES-1: Metro Water District Percent Permitted Monthly Average Available Water Supply by Basin ............................................................................................................................ ES-3 Table ES-2: Summary of Existing Net Interbasin Transfers ................................................................ ES-3 Table ES-3: Summary of 2035 Net Interbasin Transfers ...................................................................... ES-8
Section 1: Introduction Table 1-1: MetroWater District Local Jurisdictions ............................................................................... 1-3
Section 2: Existing Water Supply and Treatment Conditions Table 2-1: Existing Municipal Permitted Surface Water Supplies (2006) ............................................. 2-2 Table 2-2: Planned Reservoirs ................................................................................................................ 2-4 Table 2-3: Planned Storage ..................................................................................................................... 2-5 Table 2-4: Existing Permitted Groundwater Supplies ............................................................................ 2-5 Table 2-5: Summary of Existing Interbasin Transfers ............................................................................ 2-6 Table 2-6: Existing Surface Water Treatment Plants ............................................................................. 2-8 Table 2-7: Non-municipal Permitted Withdrawals ............................................................................... 2-10
Section 3: Water Demand Forecasts Table 3-1: Population and Employment Forecasts by County ............................................................... 3-4 Table 3-2: Adjusted Base Year Water Use Profile by County ............................................................... 3-7 Table 3-3: Single Family Water End Uses (AWWARF) ....................................................................... 3-9 Table 3-4: Natural Plumbing Fixture Conversion .................................................................................. 3-9 Table 3-5: 2035 Water Demand Forecasts by County .......................................................................... 3-13 Table 3-6: 2050 Population and Demand Forecasts ............................................................................. 3-14
Section 4: Water Conservation Analysis Table 4-1: Existing Water Conservation Measures in Metro Water District in 2003 Plan, as amended ............................................................................................................................ 4-1 Table 4-2: District-Wide Results of Conservation Measures Evaluation ............................................... 4-5 Table 4-3: Descriptions of the Conservation Measures Evaluated Quantitatively and Qualitatively .... 4-6 Table 4-4: District-wide Results of Option Packages Evaluation ........................................................ 4-10 Table 4-5: County Results of Option Packages Evaluation .................................................................. 4-12 Table 4-6: Metro Water District 2035 Water Use Forecasts by County ............................................... 4-15 Table 4-7: Comparison of 2003 Plan and this Plan Update .................................................................. 4-16
Section 5: Water Conservation Program Table 5-1: Water Conservation Tiered Rate Structure (Example) ......................................................... 5-2 Table 5-2: Minimum Local Education and Public Awareness Program Annual Requirements .......... 5-18 Table 5-3: Optional Education Toolbox ............................................................................................... 5-18
Section 6: Water Supply Sources Table 6-1: Surface Water Supply Sources Through 2035 ...................................................................... 6-5 Table 6-2: Summary of 2035 Interbasin Transfers ............................................................................... 6-14
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Table 6-3: Chattahoochee River Basin – Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035) .......................................................................................................................... 6-17 Table 6-4: Coosa River Basin – Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035) ............. 6-18 Table 6-5: Flint River Basin – Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035) ............... 6-18 Table 6-6: Ocmulgee River Basin – Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035) ...... 6-19 Table 6-7: Tallapoosa River Basin – Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035) ..... 6-20
Section 7: Potential Source Evaluation Table 7-1: Water Reuse Terminology .................................................................................................... 7-1
Section 8: Planned Water Supply Facilities Table 8-1: Planned Water Supply Reservoirs in the Metro Water District ............................................ 8-2 Table 8-2: Planned New Water Treatment Plants in the Metro Water District ...................................... 8-3 Table 8-3: Water Treatment Plants Planned to be Expanded before 2035 ............................................. 8-4 Table 8-4: Proposed Surface Water Treatment Plants ............................................................................ 8-5
Section 9: Local Water Planning Table 9-1: Recommended Formula for Calculating Water System Interconnection Reliability Target (IRT) .......................................................................................................................... 9-6
Section 12: Education and Public Awareness Table 12-1: Education Focus for Target Audiences .............................................................................. 12-2 Table 12-2: Educational Materials Available to Local Governments by the Metro Water District ..... 12-7 Table 12-3: Minimum Local Education and Public Awareness Program Annual Requirements ......... 12-8 Table 12-4: Example Water Supply and Water Conservation Education / Outreach and Public Participation / Involvement Activities ............................................................................... 12-9 Table 12-5: Water Supply and Water Conservation Education and Public Awareness Resources .... 12-10
Section 13: Implementation Plan Table 13-1: Local Water Provider Implementation Schedule ............................................................... 13-3 Table 13-2: Regional Agency Implementation Schedule ..................................................................... 13-4 Table 13-3: State Agency Implementation Schedule ............................................................................ 13-5 Table 13-4: Unit Cost Estimates for Water Supply Treatment Facilities ............................................. 13-6 Table 13-5: Estimated Annual Water Supply and Water Conservation Management Plan Implementation Cost by Program Category ...................................................................... 13-7
Section 14: Future Plan Evaluation Table 14-1: Summary of Plan Elements to Be Reviewed and Updated Regularly by the Metro Water District ............................................................................................................................... 14-3