water supply system basic operations
DESCRIPTION
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM BASIC OPERATIONS. Prepared by RCAP Solutions For PADEP. Introduction. Basics of Water Supply. Drinking Water Sources. Surface Water Groundwater. Surface Water: Advantages. Easily accessible Large volumes of water Surface reservoirs for storage. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM BASIC OPERATIONSBASIC OPERATIONS
Prepared by RCAP SolutionsPrepared by RCAP Solutions
For PADEPFor PADEP
22
IntroductionIntroduction
Basics of Water SupplyBasics of Water Supply
33
Drinking Water SourcesDrinking Water Sources
Surface WaterSurface Water
GroundwaterGroundwater
44
Surface Water: AdvantagesSurface Water: Advantages
Easily accessibleEasily accessible
Large volumes of waterLarge volumes of water
Surface reservoirs for storageSurface reservoirs for storage
55
Surface Water: DisadvantagesSurface Water: Disadvantages
Exposure to contaminantsExposure to contaminants
Expensive filtrationExpensive filtration
66
Groundwater: AdvantagesGroundwater: Advantages
Less treatmentLess treatment
ConsistencyConsistency
AvailabilityAvailability
77
Groundwater: DisadvantagesGroundwater: Disadvantages
Chemical contamination Chemical contamination
HardnessHardness
Multiple wells Multiple wells
LocationLocation
88
Groundwater Treatment ProcessesGroundwater Treatment Processes
99
Groundwater Treatment ProcessesGroundwater Treatment Processes
Not very complexNot very complex
Mainly disinfectionMainly disinfection
Covered laterCovered later
1010
Surface Water Treatment ProcessesSurface Water Treatment Processes
1111
Racks and ScreensRacks and Screens
1212
Racks and ScreensRacks and Screens
Prevent debrisPrevent debris
Pipes and pumpsPipes and pumps
Straining pastaStraining pasta
1313
MixingMixing
1414
MixingMixing
Coagulant Coagulant
Suspended particlesSuspended particles
1515
Coagulation and FlocculationCoagulation and Flocculation
1616
Coagulation and FlocculationCoagulation and Flocculation
Reduces solidsReduces solids
Prevents bacterial “hiding”Prevents bacterial “hiding”
Like making cheeseLike making cheese
1717
SedimentationSedimentation
1818
SedimentationSedimentation
PresedimentationPresedimentation
BasinsBasins
Solids loading reductionSolids loading reduction
Sludge removalSludge removal
1919
FiltrationFiltration
2020
FiltrationFiltration
Solids and floc removalSolids and floc removal
PhysicalPhysical
ChemicalChemical
BiologicalBiological
2121
Types of FiltrationTypes of Filtration
Slow SandSlow Sand
Conventional FiltrationConventional Filtration
2222
Types of FiltrationTypes of Filtration
Direct FiltrationDirect Filtration
Diatomaceous EarthDiatomaceous Earth
2323
Types of FiltrationTypes of Filtration
Membrane FiltrationMembrane Filtration
Bag and Cartridge FiltersBag and Cartridge Filters
2424
DisinfectionDisinfection
2525
DisinfectionDisinfection
Disease-causing organismsDisease-causing organisms
ChlorineChlorine
Ozone and Ultraviolet RadiationOzone and Ultraviolet Radiation
2626
Disinfection: ChlorineDisinfection: Chlorine
Chlorine GasChlorine Gas
Sodium HypochloriteSodium Hypochlorite
2727
Disinfection: ChlorineDisinfection: Chlorine
Calcium HypochloriteCalcium Hypochlorite
Chlorine may form carcinogensChlorine may form carcinogens
2828
Disinfection: Ultraviolet LightDisinfection: Ultraviolet Light
Penetrates most cell wallsPenetrates most cell walls
No toxic residualsNo toxic residuals
Short contact times; easy to operateShort contact times; easy to operate
Unsuitable for some water sources Unsuitable for some water sources
2929
Disinfection: OzoneDisinfection: Ozone
OO33
Shorter contact timeShorter contact time
Capital costsCapital costs
O&MO&M
3030
Other Typical Treatment ProcessesOther Typical Treatment Processes
Iron and manganese removalIron and manganese removal
Corrosion controlCorrosion control
These are source dependentThese are source dependent
3131
Iron and Manganese RemovalIron and Manganese Removal
Various techniquesVarious techniques
AerationAeration
Sequestration Sequestration
Ion exchangeIon exchange
3232
Corrosion ControlCorrosion Control
Prevents degradationPrevents degradation
Adjust water characteristicsAdjust water characteristics
3333
ExerciseExercise
Exercise!!!Exercise!!!
Complete the fill-in-the blank questionsComplete the fill-in-the blank questions
3434
Distribution System FacilitiesDistribution System Facilities
PumpsPumps Storage facilitiesStorage facilities Transmission mainsTransmission mains Valves and hydrantsValves and hydrants MetersMeters
3535
PumpsPumps
Provide liftProvide lift
Do not generally create pressureDo not generally create pressure
Major part of O&M costsMajor part of O&M costs
3636
Storage FacilitiesStorage Facilities
Clear wellsClear wells
Stand pipesStand pipes
Elevated storage tanksElevated storage tanks
3737
Clear WellsClear Wells
3838
Clear WellsClear Wells
Large concrete reservoirs Large concrete reservoirs
Constant rate of operationConstant rate of operation
3939
Stand PipesStand Pipes
Located on the groundLocated on the ground
Require little maintenanceRequire little maintenance
4040
Elevated Storage TanksElevated Storage Tanks
Supporting structures Supporting structures
Use gravityUse gravity
Filled in off-peak hoursFilled in off-peak hours
4141
Transmission MainsTransmission MainsSystem DesignSystem Design
Branching systems Branching systems
Loop or grid systemsLoop or grid systems
4242
Transmission MainsTransmission MainsMaterialsMaterials
Cast ironCast iron
Ductile ironDuctile iron
Plastic (polyvinylchloride – PVC) Plastic (polyvinylchloride – PVC)
4343
Valves and HydrantsValves and Hydrants
Valves Valves
Wet barrel hydrants Wet barrel hydrants
Dry barrel hydrantsDry barrel hydrants
4444
MetersMeters
Throughout the system Throughout the system
Used for billing and to identify lossUsed for billing and to identify loss
Lowers usageLowers usage
Replacement program Replacement program
4545
ExerciseExercise
Exercise time!!!Exercise time!!!
Fill in the graphic and answer the questionsFill in the graphic and answer the questions
4646
SummarySummary
Key pointsKey points
4747
References and ResourcesReferences and Resources
See your workbooks for detailsSee your workbooks for details