Water Systems Review Water Systems Review Assignment Assignment

AnswersAnswers

How much of Earth’s supply of How much of Earth’s supply of water is ocean water?water is ocean water?

• 97.2%97.2%

How much of Earth’s supply of How much of Earth’s supply of water is fresh water?water is fresh water?

• 2.8 %2.8 %

What is salinity?What is salinity?

• The amount salt that is dissolved in The amount salt that is dissolved in the waterthe water

Do all oceans have the same Do all oceans have the same salinity?salinity?

• No. It varies from one body of water No. It varies from one body of water to the next.to the next.

Does Canada have a lot of Does Canada have a lot of fresh water? Explainfresh water? Explain

• Yes because Canada has numerous Yes because Canada has numerous rivers, glaciers, lakes, marshes, bogs rivers, glaciers, lakes, marshes, bogs and swamps. These are all sources and swamps. These are all sources of fresh waterof fresh water

What are some examples of What are some examples of Fresh Water?Fresh Water?

• Rivers, glaciers, lakes, marshes, bogs Rivers, glaciers, lakes, marshes, bogs and swamps.and swamps.

Draw a pie chart describing the Draw a pie chart describing the distribution of water on Earth.distribution of water on Earth.

Draw a labeled diagram of the Draw a labeled diagram of the Water Cycle.Water Cycle.

• See chartSee chart

How does water cause How does water cause erosion?erosion?

• Water near the bank of a body of Water near the bank of a body of water moves some of the soil into water moves some of the soil into the water. Over time, much of the the water. Over time, much of the soil on the bank gets moved and thus soil on the bank gets moved and thus the shape of the Earth is changed.the shape of the Earth is changed.

Floods are a major concern for Floods are a major concern for people living where?people living where?

• On floodplains (low lands where On floodplains (low lands where excess water can flow)excess water can flow)

What is the water table?What is the water table?

• The water table is where water builds The water table is where water builds up under ground when it hits an up under ground when it hits an impermeable layer of rock or clay.impermeable layer of rock or clay.

How does digging a well take How does digging a well take advantage of the water table?advantage of the water table?

• Because by digging a well, we can Because by digging a well, we can get access to underground water.get access to underground water.

Explain how the water cycle Explain how the water cycle affects the water table.affects the water table.

• During periods of drought, the water During periods of drought, the water table goes down because the earth table goes down because the earth around it is dry. During periods of around it is dry. During periods of precipitation, it will rise.precipitation, it will rise.

Explain why as rain begins to fall, Explain why as rain begins to fall, it does not reach the saturated it does not reach the saturated zone immediately.zone immediately.

• Because it has to percolate through Because it has to percolate through the soil first. This does not happen the soil first. This does not happen instanly.instanly.

Why can people not swim in water that has a higher Why can people not swim in water that has a higher than normal amount of microorganisms? How can than normal amount of microorganisms? How can the amount of microorganisms in water increase the amount of microorganisms in water increase drastically?drastically?

• People could get sick or skin irritation People could get sick or skin irritation from swimming in water that has a from swimming in water that has a high content of microorganisms.high content of microorganisms.

• Microorganisms increase in water Microorganisms increase in water when too much pollution is present. when too much pollution is present. Pollution is a breeding ground for Pollution is a breeding ground for bacteria.bacteria.

How do recreational activities How do recreational activities cause pollution problems in cause pollution problems in waterways?waterways?• Boats leave gas and oil fumes in the Boats leave gas and oil fumes in the

waterwater

• Humans leave garbage or change the Humans leave garbage or change the natural environment to build.natural environment to build.

What is acid precipitation? What is acid precipitation? What are some of its effects?What are some of its effects?

• Acid precipitation is when snow or Acid precipitation is when snow or rain pick up pollutants, from the air, rain pick up pollutants, from the air, as they fall to the ground. The result as they fall to the ground. The result is that the precipitation turns into is that the precipitation turns into sulfuric or nitric acidsulfuric or nitric acid

• Some of the effects are: eats away at Some of the effects are: eats away at buildings, kills plants, disrupts buildings, kills plants, disrupts ecosystems.ecosystems.

Why should chemicals never be Why should chemicals never be dumped down household or street dumped down household or street drains?drains?• The drain may have a direct route to The drain may have a direct route to

a waterwaya waterway

What is the Mid-Ocean What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge?Ridge?

• A chain of underwater mountainsA chain of underwater mountains

Describe how volcanic activity Describe how volcanic activity underwater is responsible for underwater is responsible for creating new islands.creating new islands.• When a volcano erupts, lava is When a volcano erupts, lava is

release from the opening and then release from the opening and then cooled by the surrounding water. cooled by the surrounding water. Over time, this build up the volcano Over time, this build up the volcano until it is higher than the water level. until it is higher than the water level.

How can rivers shape the How can rivers shape the Earth’s surface?Earth’s surface?

• Please see erosion questionPlease see erosion question

Why are glaciers called “Rivers Why are glaciers called “Rivers of Ice”?of Ice”?

• Glaciers are called rivers of ice Glaciers are called rivers of ice because they are constantly moving.because they are constantly moving.

What is the difference between What is the difference between a polar ice cap and a glaciers?a polar ice cap and a glaciers?

• Glaciers cover land and polar ice Glaciers cover land and polar ice caps cover water.caps cover water.

Explain how glaciers might be the Explain how glaciers might be the answer to the world’s fresh water answer to the world’s fresh water resource problems?resource problems?

• Since glaciers are sources of frozen Since glaciers are sources of frozen fresh water, if humanity needed to, fresh water, if humanity needed to, we may be able to recover fresh we may be able to recover fresh water by melting parts of glaciers.water by melting parts of glaciers.

Explain how a tsunami Explain how a tsunami happens.happens.

• A tsunami happens when an A tsunami happens when an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide happens deep below the landslide happens deep below the ocean.ocean.

• The resulting energy pushes some of The resulting energy pushes some of the water upwards.the water upwards.

• This force creates a wave that will This force creates a wave that will eventually crash against a coastlineeventually crash against a coastline

Why are the rocks and stones found on Why are the rocks and stones found on beaches usually round and smooth?beaches usually round and smooth?

• Over time, the water moving over Over time, the water moving over the rocks makes them smooth and the rocks makes them smooth and round in shape (much like sandpaper round in shape (much like sandpaper does to wood).does to wood).

What does SCUBA stand What does SCUBA stand for?for?

• Self Contained Underwater Breathing Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.Apparatus.

When was Scuba diving When was Scuba diving invented?invented?

• In the 1940’sIn the 1940’s

Name and describe 2 devices that Name and describe 2 devices that humans use to explore the deep humans use to explore the deep depths of the ocean.depths of the ocean.• Scuba gearScuba gear

• SubmersiblesSubmersibles

• SonarSonar

• Underwater CamerasUnderwater Cameras

What is meant by diversity?What is meant by diversity?

• Diversity is the presence of many Diversity is the presence of many different living things in one area.different living things in one area.

• The more living things that are The more living things that are present in one area, the more present in one area, the more diverse that area is.diverse that area is.

Why does diversity tend to Why does diversity tend to decrease the deeper you go in an decrease the deeper you go in an ocean or a lake?ocean or a lake?• It decrease because the light does not It decrease because the light does not

penetrate past a certain depth in the water penetrate past a certain depth in the water and therefore plants cannot survive in deep and therefore plants cannot survive in deep water. No plants, less living things.water. No plants, less living things.

• Also, the deeper down we go, the greater the Also, the deeper down we go, the greater the water pressure and harsher the environment water pressure and harsher the environment (pitch black). Only some organisms are (pitch black). Only some organisms are equipped to deal with these kind of equipped to deal with these kind of conditions. Less living things means less conditions. Less living things means less diversity!diversity!