water transportation presentation

8/13/2019 Water Transportation Presentation

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PRESS ENTER TOSTART!


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QUOTABLE QUOTES7 Blunders of the World

Wealth without work.

Pleasure without conscience.

Knowledge without character.

Commerce without morality.

Science without humanity.

Worship without sacrifice.

Politics without principle.- Mahatma Gadhi

(1869-1948)


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TR NSPORT TION ENGINEERING by


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TR NSPORT TION ENGINEERING by


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Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte


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6000 to 3000 B.C.Egyptians had ships with masts & sails,

galleys were used on the Nile River

961 to 922 B.C.King Solomonsreign, Phoenician galleyssailed from Biblical Tyre & Sidon bringing copper from

Cyprus, papyrus from Egypt & gold, ivory, & slaves from

Africa

140 A.D.Rome used galleys were used for her war against

Carthage

Beginning of the 19thCentury to 1819Keelboats started

appearing in rivers, can carry 80 tons of freight 1807The Steamboat was invented

1809 Col. John Stevens demonstrated that steamboat

travel is feasible for ocean transportation though sailing

vessels continued dominating ocean transportation

1818 James Monroe initiated a scheduled ocean travel

using a 424 ton ship that sailed from New York to Liverpool.

1846 1855 Over 400 Clipper Ships were built that has

speed that can rival the ships being used at present. Theywere replaced by steam ships following the Civil War in the

United States of America.

INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION

Egyptian Galley

Phoenician Galley

Roman Galley


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INTRODUCTION

Keel Boat

Steam Boat

Clipper Ship


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By its nature, water transportation is most

suitable for bulky & heavy commodities thatneeds to be moved at long distances & for

which time of transport is not a critical

factor.

In recent years, substantial increase in water

transportation activity has been noted.

These increases are attributed to growing

population, development of new products &

new sources of raw materials, general

industrial growth, especially petroleum

industry.

NATURE OF WATER

TRANSPORTATION


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Rock Formations, Pangil Beach Resort, Ilocos Norte


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The design of durable port & harbour facilities is

one of the most challenging problems that facesthe engineer. The seacoast environment is very

harsh & corrosive; structures must withstand

destructive biological, physicochemical &

mechanical actions that are inherent to coastal

environments.

Wood must endure forces of decay and attack of

termites & other biological life. Concrete must be

designed & constructed to highest engineering

standards to prevent weathering & rusting of the

reinforcements & spalling of the concrete. Steel,

without protection, corrodes & do not last long inthe coastal environment.

THE COASTAL

ENVIRONMENT


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Windmills, Ilocos Norte


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ENEMY NO. 1:

WIND

Wind is the approximate horizontal movement of

air masses across theearths

surface. Windsresult from changes in the temperature of the

atmosphere & the corresponding changes in air

density. Wind exerts pressure against objects in

its path which depends on the wind velocity.

Considerable judgment is required in computingwind forces on coastal structures & port facilities.

It should be remembered that loading equipment

generally will not be used when the winds exceed

about 15mph, & ships usually will not remain

alongside a wharf during a severe storm.


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Kapurpurawan Rock Formation, Ilocos Norte


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While other structures must accommodate wind

loads, in coastal design, our interest in wind lies

in its contribution to formation of waves. Waves

may be caused by earthquakes, tides &

manmade disturbance like explosions & moving

vessels. But the principal interest are waves

created by winds.

When wind moves across still body of water, it

exerts tangential force that results to small

ripples. These irregularities tend to produce

changes in air stream near the water surface.

Pressure differentials in the air stream are

formed which cause water surface to undulate.At the wind continues, this process is repeated &

the waves grow.

ENEMY NO. 2:

WAVES


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Much of water movement, as in waves, occurs in

form rather than in translation of water particles,

since water is viscous, however, the rotating

particles that constitute waves do not return to

its original position but rather drift in the

direction of the wave movement. This flow,

which occurs at a velocity smaller than the

velocity of the wave itself, is called current.

ENEMY NO. 3:

CURRENTS


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Sunset, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte


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The tide is the alternate rising & falling of the

surface of the oceans, gulfs, bays & coastal rivers

caused by the gravitational attraction of the

moon & sun. Larger-than-usual tides called spring

tides occur when the sun & moon act in

combination as when there is new moon or full

moon. Smaller-than-usual tides called neap tides

occur when the moon is at first or third quarter.

Other factors that influence tides:

Geographical location

Physical character of the coastline

Atmospheric pressure

Currents

ENEMY NO. 4:

TIDES


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Life HACKS


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The EndProDeo, Familia et Patria

water transportation presentation

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