water treatment using activated carbon
DESCRIPTION
Water Treatment Using Activated Carbon. Projects Day- Finals 2010 Category 1 Experimental Research. Lucas Tang (1O1) Brandon Hoong (1O1) Marcus Neo (1O1) Ho Kai Lun(1O1). Finals Round Version (26). Activated Carbon. Introduction. Purify different types of water using activated carbon - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lucas Tang (1O1)Brandon Hoong (1O1)
Marcus Neo (1O1)Ho Kai Lun(1O1)
Projects Day- Finals 2010Category 1
Experimental Research
Finals Round Version (26)
Introduction
Purify different types of water using activated carbonTest if activated carbon is effective in reducing the
amount of bacteria, heavy metals and turbidity in water
Activated Carbon
Mechanisms of FiltrationAdsorption
The attractive forces between the carbon surface (non-polar) and the pollutants (non-polar) are stronger than the forces keeping the pollutants dissolved in water (polar).
Adsorption cannot occur unless the pollutants are close to the activated carbon's surface.
Purpose
To find out how activated carbon will be able to reduce the amount of impurities in both stagnant and flowing water.
Hypothesis
Activated carbon will reduce the amount of impurities in both flowing and stagnant water.
Variables
Independent Constant Dependent
Types of impurities:
• Lead (II) Nitrate
• Copper (II) Solution
• Calcium Carbonate
• Bacteria (E. Coli)
Temperature of Water
Amount of Bacteria left
Mass of Activated Carbon
Turbidity
Duration of Experiment
Heavy metals
Volume of Water
Type of Activated Carbon
Materials
Activated Carbon
Lead(II) Nitrate
Copper(II) Solution
Calcium Carbonate
Bacteria (E. Coli)
Materials: For set-upsStagnant Water Flowing Water
1 spatula 1 spatula
24g Activated Carbon 24g Activated Carbon
1 electronic mass balance 1 electronic mass balance
1 litre lead nitrate (Pb2+) (50 ppm) 1 litre lead nitrate (Pb2+) (50 ppm)
1 litre Copper(II) solution (50 ppm)
1 litre Copper(II) solution (50 ppm)
4g Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3) 4g Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3)
5 200ml beakers 1 pump
1 globe valve
1 transparent plastic tube
5 200ml beakers
Materials: For set-upsStagnant Water Flowing Water
12 filter papers 16 filter papers
3 filter funnels 3 filter funnels
4 sieves 1 sieves
Materials-For AnalysisStagnant and Flowing Water
1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
1 Turbidimeter
1 Agar Plate
1 Colorimeter
Dropper
Apparatus for AnalysisAtomic Absorption
Spectrometer Turbidimeter
Colorimeter and Copper Reagent
Agar Plates
Removal Of Activated Carbon
Sieve
For Cu2+, Pb2+ and Bacteria experiment For CaCO3 experiment
Filter Funnel
Activated Carbon
ResultsPollutan
tLead(ppm)
Copper (ppm)
Turbidity(NTU)
Bacteria Count(Colonies)
Stagnant
Water
FlowingWater
Stagnant
Water
FlowingWater
Stagnant
Water
FlowingWater
Stagnant
Water
FlowingWater
Test 1 30.11 2.23 4.96 4.33 6192 6868 112 94
Test 2 30.15 2.43 5.44 4.33 4768 5388 105 98
Test 3 30.71 2.17 4.67 3.53 6932 5764 119 99
Mean 30.32 2.28 5.02 4.06 5964 6007 114 97
Original 37.02 49.90 7768 176
Reduction -18% -94% -90% -92% -23% -23% -36% -45%
ConclusionActivated carbon is effective in removing
pollutants in water.
Heavy metals (lead and copper) in water were reduced by >90% esp. in flowing water condition.
Turbidity from suspended solids (CaCO₃) and bacteria in water were reduced by 23% - 45%.
ApplicationsActivated carbon can be used to remove
pollutants in water esp. in remote areas where treated water supply is not available.
The purified water can then be boiled to kill the remaining bacteria before it is used for drinking or cooking.
Activated carbon can be packaged in filter cartridges.
ReferencesDoultonUSA 1996-2010 ‘Activated Carbon For Drinking
Water Filtration’ March 18 2010 http://doultonusa.com/HTML%20pages/activated_carbon_water_filtration.htm
Robin Walker 2009 ‘Question Mark’ http://www.askrobinwalker.com/files/2127328/uploaded/question_mark_3d.png March 18 2010
Wikimedia 2009 ‘Activated Carbon’ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Activated_Carbon.jpg March 18 2010
Michael Crowley ‘Hypothesis’ www.getreligion.org/%3Fp%3D1873 March 26, 2010
Wikipedia ‘Activated Carbon’ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon March 30, 2010
Article Alley ‘Activated Carbon Adsorption and How it Works’ http://www.articlealley.com/article_1325858_15.html January 05, 2010
Envco-Environmental Equipment ‘MiniRAE 3000 Photoionization Detector’ http://www.envcoglobal.com/catalog/product/handheld-voc-detectors/minirae-3000-photoionization-detector.html April 2, 2010
MediaWave Communications Corp. ‘Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Carbon Block Filters’ http://www.home-water-purifiers-and-filters.com/carbon-water-filter.php April 2, 2010
Flikr ‘Copper(II) solution’ http://www.flickr.com/pho tos/37388341@ N 00/1508185178/, October 7 2007
Chemistry comes alive Reactions in aqeous solutions ‘Lead(II) nitrate’ http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/jcesoft/cca/CCA4/STILLS64/PBNO/PBNONACL/1.JPG, 2000
References