water treatments overview drinking water treatment municipal & industrial wastewater treatment
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Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water Treatment Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment Boiler Water Treatment Desalination (RO Water Treatment) Industrial Process water. Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06. Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water Treatment. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 1
Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water TreatmentMunicipal & Industrial Wastewater TreatmentBoiler Water TreatmentDesalination (RO Water Treatment)Industrial Process water
Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 2
Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water Treatment
Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 3
Drinking Water Treatment Flow Diagram
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Slide 4
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 4
Drinking Water Treatment Flow Diagram
TurbiditypH
Chlorine/Ozone
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Slide 5
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 5
Drinking Water Treatment Flow Diagram
TurbiditypH
Chlorine
Sludge Conc.
SludgeLevel
TurbidityTurbidity
OrganicsTOC/SAC
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Slide 6
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 6
Drinking Water Treatment Flow Diagram
pHChlorine
Chlorine Dioxyde
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 7
Water Treatments Overview Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 8
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 9
Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 10
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow DiagramTurbidity
pH
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Slide 11
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 11
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Sludge Conc.
SludgeLevel
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 12
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow DiagramDissolvedOxygen
Turbidity/SSOrganics (COD, BOD, TOC, SAC)
DissolvedOxygen
Ammonia
Nitrate Phosphorus
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 13
temperature between 5 - 33 °C
pH-value between 6 - 8
supply with degradable nutriments (C : N : P)
sufficient supply with dissolved oxygen (above 2,0 mg/l O2)
Dissimilation (approx. 30 %) principle : C + O2 CO2
Assimilation (approx. 70 %) principle : C + O2 organic growth
C -elimination
• So the main part of C-elimination is done via incorporating the carbon into undissolved bacteria mass and afterwards taking that bio-mass out of the water.
• Only a minor part of the influents carbon is stripped as carbon-dioxid into the air.
• Both is done by C -heterotroph bacteria under certain conditions like :
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 14
that accrued NO3 is formed by another C -autotroph bacteria called nitrobacter.
Unfortunately those don´t like the presence of NH4.
So only if both bacterias are acting synchroniously they can perform the complete 2-stage process of Nitrification in a sufficiant way.
N –elimination (Nitrification)• WWTP´s influent contains nitrogen mainly as NH4 and organic N (like Urea, Proteins).
• Due to the fact that NH4 at pH-levels above 8 is toxic to fish, Nitrification for N - elimination had been done since approx. 40 years :
Nitrification step I principle : NH4 + O2 NO2
What is simplified mentioned under „principle“ is done by a very specific C -autotroph bacteria called nitrosomonas.
Unfortunately the product of that micro-organismen work (NO2) is highly toxic to fish, so it is essential to operate a:
Nitrification step II principle : NO2 +O2 NO3
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 15
Denitrification as an advanced N -elimination is done in Germany since approx. 30 years.
N –elimination (Denitrification)• The real decrease of total nitrogen in water is done by several specia of C -heterotroph micro-organismen.
• They are called denitrificants and reducing the dissolved NO3 into molecular nitrogen (N2-gas), which can be stripped out of the water :
Denitrification principle : NO3 N2
therefor the mentioned below conditions should be given :
pH-value between 6,0 - 8,0
absence of dissolved oxygen (anoxic conditions)
supply with degradable C-source (because bacteria is C -heterotroph)
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 16
Nitrogen Forms, Concentrationvs. Wastewater Treatments
010203040506070
Infl
uent
Prim
ary
Efflue
nt
Seco
ndar
yEffl
uent
Tert
iary
Efflue
nt
Nitrogen, mg/L
NO3-NNH4-NOrg-N
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 17
P -eliminationThis elimination can be done
• by precipitants (chemical removal)
• by bacteria (biological removal).
Chemical removal principle : PO43- + Me3+ MePO4
By adding dissolved salts of aluminia or iron (Me3+) you can transfer the also dissolved ortho-phosphates into poorly soluable aluminia- or iron-phosphates, which can be taken out at the settling tank.
necessary conditions:
pH-value of 5,5 (FePO4) or 6,0 to 7,0 (AlPO4), which normally can´t be achieved on a WWTP
an excess of aluminia- or iron-ions in ratio to the phosphates that have to be precipitated (so called „beta-value“)
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 18
P -elimination
Biological removal principle: incorporation of dissolved phosphates based on a bacterias luxury-uptake-effect
(to TAKE up more phosphates, than bacteria formerly had GIVEN up)
necessary conditions are :
systematic change between anaerob (NO solved or bounded oxygen) conditions (PO4
3- is given up) and aerob conditions (PO43- is taken up)
supply with degradable C-source during the anaerob stage
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 19
Phosphorus Forms, Concentrationvs. Wastewater Treatments
0
5
10
15
20
Influent PrimaryEffluent
TertiaryEffluent
Phosphorus, mg/L
Ortho-PCond-P
Org-P
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 20
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Sludge Conc.
SludgeLevel
Sludge Conc.
Turbidity/SSOrganics (COD, BOD, TOC, SAC)
NitrateAmmonia
Phosphorus
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 21
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Chlorine
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 22
Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Suspended Solids (SS)
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 23
Water Treatments Overview Boiler Water Treatment
Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 29
Boiler Water Treatment Flow Diagram
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 30
Boiler Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Silica, Sodium, HardnessAlcalinity, pH, Conductivity
Turbidity
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 31
Boiler Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Silica, Hydrazine, Phosphare, pH
AmmoniaAlcalinity
Silica, Phosphate, pH, Conductivity
Silica, Phosphate, pH, Conductivity
Alcalinity, Hardness,HydrazineTurbidity
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 32
Boiler Water Treatment Flow Diagram
Silica, HardnessConductivity, Turbidity
Dissolved Oxygen
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 33
Water Treatments Overview Desalination (RO Water Treatment)
Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 34
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
WATER DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSISFLOW DIAGRAM
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 35
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
WATER DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSISFLOW DIAGRAM
Pre-Treatment
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 36
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
WATER DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSISFLOW DIAGRAM
RO
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 37
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
WATER DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSISFLOW DIAGRAM
Post-Treatment
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 38
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Suspended solids and other particles in the feed water must be removed to
reduce fouling of the membrane.
Suspended solids are removed with coagulation and filtration.
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 39
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Polyelectrolyteand ferric sulfate
are injected at this point for in-line
coagulation
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 40
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Multi-media filter consist of:gravel, coarse sand, fine garnet, fine
sand and anthracite.
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 41
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Multi-media filter is monitored for pressure drop.
Backwash of the filter is necessary to assure a SDI
less than 3,0
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 42
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Dosage of acid (HCl or H2SO4) is used to remove
bicarbonate ions followed by aeration to remove CO2.
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 43
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Anti-scalant (Phosponate or polyphosphate) is added to
prevent scaling inside the RO system.
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 44
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
These anti-scalants are efficients against
precipitation of CaCO3, CaSO4, SrSO4 & BaSO4, but
are less effective in the case of silica precipitation.
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 45
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
After anti-scalant injection, the flow continues through a
5 µm cartridge filter.
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 46
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Algae and bacteria can grow,so biocide (usually less than1 mg/l chlorine) is required
to clean the system
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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 47
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Some RO membranes can not tolerate chlorine, so
dechlorination techniques are required.
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Slide 48
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 48
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Ozone or UV light may also be used to remove marine
organisms.If ozone is used, it must be
removed with chemicals before reaching the
membrane.
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Slide 49
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 49
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Operating pressure vary between 10-25 bars for
brackish water and 50 – 200 bars for seawater.
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Slide 50
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 50
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Water quality depends on membrane rejection
properties.
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Slide 51
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 51
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Some relatively small molecules, like CO2,
H2S, SiO2 & boric acid may penetrate and pollute the water
product
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Slide 52
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 52
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
Some membranes have been developed for
high BORON removal
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Slide 53
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 53
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTIONPure desalination water is highly acidic and is thus
corrosive to pipe, so it has to be mixed with other source of water that are piped outside
or . . .
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Slide 54
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 54
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION or . . . else adjusted orpH
hardnessalkalinity
before being piped outsite
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Slide 55
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 55
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTIONAccording to local water regulations, pH level 7,2 – 7.6,
Ca hardness +/- 100 mg/l, HCO3- +/- 100 mg/l and 0,5
mg/l for Boron
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Slide 56
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 56
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS
REJECTBRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTIONIn some cases, some fluoride is also added with a
concentration < 1,0 mg/l
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Slide 57
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 57
CAUSTICSODA
DOSING
WASTE
SEAWATER
PURGE
BACKWASH
MULTI-MEDIAFILTER
ACIDDOSING
SCALE INHIBITORDOSING
CHLORINEDOSING
5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER
HIGHPRESSURE
PUMP
REVERSEOSMOSIS REJECT
BRINE
PRODUCT
PRODUCTWATERTANK
CHLORINEDOSING
FINALPRODUCT
WATERTANK
DISTRIBUTION
pHTURBIDITY
ULTRA LOW RANGE
CHLORINE
pH
CHLORINEOzone
Chlorine Dioxide
TEMPERATURETOT. ALKALNITYCa++ HARDNESSCONDUCTIVITY
ON-LINEMeasurement
points
CONDUCTIVITY
FLUORIDE
TURBIDITY LOW RANGE
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Slide 58
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 58
Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water TreatmentMunicipal & Industrial Wastewater TreatmentBoiler Water TreatmentDesalination (RO Water Treatment)Industrial Process water
Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06
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Slide 59
8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 59
Industrial Water Process
So various market, we will not have the possibility to make a deep examination of them:
- Petrochemistry- Beverage products
- Water botteling - brauweries- Softdrinks (Cola)- Vine
- Vegetable oils- Chemical Industry- Paper Mills Industry- Pharmacopeia Industry- Cosmetic Industry- Metal Industry- . . . Everywhere aqueous samples are used