water use and management chapter 11, section 2. global water use three types of major uses of water...
TRANSCRIPT
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Water Use and Management
Chapter 11, Section 2
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Global Water Use
• Three types of major uses of water– 1. Residential use– 2. Industrial use– 3. Agricultural use
• Availability of fresh water and population size affect how water is used
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1. Residential Water Use
• Varies across the world
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Water Treatment
• Most water must be treated to make it potable: safe to drink
• Water treatment removes – poisonous elements– Pathogens: bacteria and viruses
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Reservoir – Cherokee Lake
• 1. Filtration – Large organisms and trash out• 2. Coagulation – Sticky globs called flocs
created. Bacteria cling to the flocs.• 3. Sedimentation – Flocs settle on the
bottom• 4. Filtration – Traps particles left in water• 5. Chlorination – Chlorine added to prevent
bacteria growth• 6. Aeration – air is released to remove
unwanted gases to improve taste and odor.
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Water Treatment
• 1. Filtration• 2. Coagulation• 3. Sedimentation• 4. Filtration• 5. Chlorination• 6. Aeration
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2. Industrial Water Use
• 19% of water used in the world.
• Functions:– Manufacture goods (cooling)– Dispose of waste– Generate power
Ex: nearly 500,000 Liters are needed to make a car !!
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Agricultural Water Use
• 67% of water used in world
• Water can be supplied by irrigation– Artificial method of providing extra water
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Different types of Irrigation
• Surface irrigation: shallow, water filled ditches
• High – pressure sprinklers:– used in farming– Almost ½ evaporates!!
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• How much water do you use?????
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1. Water Management Projects
• surface water is not distributed equally– East U.S. receives more rainfall than west
• Water Management projects - meet needs of dry areas– A. Dams– B. Water diversion canals
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A. Dams• Dam: structure built across
a river to control river’s flow– Reservoir artificial lake
behind dam– generate electricity
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Consequences of dams
• Land behind the dam can be flooded
• Builds sedimentation: – reservoir becomes too shallow
• Can burst and lead flooding
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B. Water Diversion
• Part of a river that is diverted into canals
• (Don’t write ↓)• Colorado River is
diverted to supply 7 western states.
• So much is diverted it often runs dry
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2. Water Conservation:
What are Some Ways You can
Conserve Water????
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Ways to Save
• Only use dishwasher or washing machine when full
• Don’t pre-rinse dishes before loading – you’ll save 20 gallons!
• Turn off the faucet when you brush your teeth – 2-3 gallons per minute
• Take short showers…. Turn the water off while you shampoo and condition your hair and you can save 50 gallons a week.
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• Water lawns early in the morning when the temperature is lowest. (reduce evaporation)
• Take your car to the car wash. Washing by hand uses more water.
• Low flow shower head.
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3. Solutions for the Future
• As populations grow, other sources of freshwater are needed
• Two possible solutions:– A. Desalination– B. Transporting water
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a. Desalination
• Process of removing salt from water
• Used in dry areas (deserts)
• Problem: consumes a lot of energy; very expensive!
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b. Transporting Water
• Water is transported • Methods include:
– Canals and pipelines– Tank trucks– Ships
• (Don’t write ↓)• U.S. is considering towing icebergs to the
states from Antarctica, but no efficient way has been discovered.
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What is the purpose of adding chlorine during water treatment?
• A. filter and remove large debris
• B. form flocs bacteria will cling to
• C. kill bacteria and prevent future bacteria growth
• D. remove unwanted gases.
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During water treatment, what comes after coagulation?
• A. sedimentation
• B. filtration
• C. aeration
• D. chlorination
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How is fresh water used in industry?
• A. in manufacturing
• B. disposal of waste
• C. generate power
• D. all of the above
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Desert areas are livable due to?
• A. rainfall pattern change
• B. water management projects
• C. Icebergs towed in
• D. Water conservation
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___________
• Bacteria and viruses
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___________
• Removal of salt from water
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_______________
• Lake created behind a dam.