watergems v8i user's guide

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-1

1Chapter

WaterGEMS V8i

Getting Started in Bentley WaterGEMS V8i

Quick Start Lessons

Understanding the Workspace

Creating Models

Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data

Applying Elevation Data with TRex

Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder

Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator

Scenarios and Alternatives

Modeling Capabilities

Calibrating Your Model with Darwin Calibrator

Optimizing Capital Improvement Plans with Darwin Designer

Optimizing Pump Operations

Optimizing Pump Schedules Using Darwin Scheduler

Presenting Your Results

Importing and Exporting Data

Menus

Technical Reference

Josh.BelzText BoxDAA038650-1/0001

1-2 Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Technical Information Resources

Glossary

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-i

WaterGEMS V8i 1

Getting Started in Bentley WaterGEMS V8i 1Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration 1Starting Bentley WaterGEMS V8i 2Working with WaterGEMS V8i Files 2Exiting WaterGEMS V8i 4Using Online Help 4Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT 8Troubleshooting 8Checking Your Current Registration Status 9Application Window Layout 9

Standard Toolbar 10Edit Toolbar 12Analysis Toolbar 13Scenarios Toolbar 15Compute Toolbar 16View Toolbar 18Help Toolbar 20Layout Toolbar 21Tools Toolbar 25Zoom Toolbar 28Customizing WaterGEMS V8i Toolbars and Buttons 30WaterGEMS V8i Dynamic Manager Display 31

1-ii Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Quick Start Lessons 37Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis 37Extended Period Simulation 56Scenario Management 66Reporting Results 76Automated Fire Flow Analysis 90Water Quality Analysis 97Working with Data from External Sources 106Darwin Designer to Optimize the Setup of a Pipe Network 131Darwin Designer to Optimize a Pipe Network 139Creating a Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Model from GIS Data 170Energy Costs 243Pressure Dependent Demands 249Criticality and Segmentation 275

Understanding the Workspace 293Stand-Alone 293

The Drawing View 293PANNING 293ZOOMING 294

Zoom Dependent Visibility 298DRAWING STYLE 300

Using Aerial View 300Using Background Layers 302

IMAGE PROPERTIES 308SHAPEFILE PROPERTIES 310DXF PROPERTIES 311

Show Flow Arrows (Stand-Alone) 312ArcGIS Mode 312

MicroStation Environment 312Getting Started in the MicroStation environment 313The MicroStation Environment Graphical Layout 316MicroStation Project Files 317

SAVING YOUR PROJECT IN MICROSTATION 318Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Element Properties 318

ELEMENT PROPERTIES 318ELEMENT LEVELS DIALOG 319TEXT STYLES 319

Working with Elements 319EDIT ELEMENTS 320

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-iii

DELETING ELEMENTS 320MODIFYING ELEMENTS 320CONTEXT MENU 320

Working with Elements Using MicroStation Commands 320BENTLEY WATERGEMS V8I CUSTOM MICROSTATION ENTITIES 321MICROSTATION COMMANDS 321MOVING ELEMENTS 321MOVING ELEMENT LABELS 322SNAP MENU 322BACKGROUND FILES 322IMPORT BENTLEY WATERGEMS V8I 322ANNOTATION DISPLAY 322MULTIPLE MODELS 323

Working in AutoCAD 323The AutoCAD Workspace 324

AUTOCAD INTEGRATION WITH WATERGEMS V8I 324GETTING STARTED WITHIN AUTOCAD 325MENUS 325TOOLBARS 326DRAWING SETUP 326SYMBOL VISIBILITY 326AUTOCAD PROJECT FILES 327DRAWING SYNCHRONIZATION 328SAVING THE DRAWING AS DRAWING*.DWG 329

Working with Elements Using AutoCAD Commands 329WATERGEMS V8I CUSTOM AUTOCAD ENTITIES 330EXPLODE ELEMENTS 331MOVING ELEMENTS 331MOVING ELEMENT LABELS 331SNAP MENU 331POLYGON ELEMENT VISIBILITY 331UNDO/REDO 332CONTOUR LABELING 332

Working in ArcGIS 333ArcGIS Integration 334

ARCGIS INTEGRATION WITH BENTLEY WATERGEMS V8I 335Registering and Unregistering Bentley WaterGEMS V8i with ArcGIS 335ArcGIS Applications 336Using ArcCatalog with a Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Database 336

ARCCATALOG GEODATABASE COMPONENTS 336The Bentley WaterGEMS V8i ArcMap Client 337

GETTING STARTED WITH THE ARCMAP CLIENT 337MANAGING PROJECTS IN ARCMAP 338ATTACH GEODATABASE DIALOG 339LAYING OUT A MODEL IN THE ARCMAP CLIENT 340USING GEOTABLES 340

1-iv Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

WATERGEMS V8I RENDERER 341SHOW FLOW ARROWS (ARCGIS) 342

Multiple Client Access to WaterGEMS V8i Projects 342Synchronizing the GEMS Datastore and the Geodatabase 342Rollbacks 343Adding New Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Nodes To An Existing Model In ArcMAP 343Adding New Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Pipes To An Existing Model In ArcMAP 344Creating Backups of Your ArcGIS WaterGEMS V8i Project 345

Google Earth Export 345Google Earth Export from the MicroStation Platform 346Google Earth Export from ArcGIS 348Using a Google Earth View as a Background Layer to Draw a Model 350

Creating Models 357Starting a Project 357

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Projects 358Setting Project Properties 359Setting Options 360

OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - GLOBAL TAB 361Stored Prompt Responses Dialog Box 365

OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECT TAB 366OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - DRAWING TAB 368OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - UNITS TAB 370OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - LABELING TAB 373OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECTWISE TAB 374

Working with ProjectWise 375ABOUT PROJECTWISE GEOSPATIAL 381

Maintaining Project Geometry 382Setting the Project Spatial Reference System 382Interaction with ProjectWise Explorer 383

Elements and Element Attributes 385Pipes 386

MINOR LOSSES DIALOG BOX 388MINOR LOSS COEFFICIENTS DIALOG BOX 390WAVE SPEED CALCULATOR 392

Junctions 394DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX 395UNIT DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX 395

Hydrants 396HYDRANT FLOW CURVE MANAGER 396HYDRANT FLOW CURVE EDITOR 397HYDRANT LATERAL LOSS 399

Tanks 399Reservoirs 401

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-v

Pumps 402PUMP DEFINITIONS DIALOG BOX 403

Efficiency Points Table 411PUMP CURVE DIALOG BOX 411FLOW-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX 412SPEED-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX 413PUMP AND MOTOR INERTIA CALCULATOR 413

Variable Speed Pump Battery 414Valves 415

DEFINING VALVE CHARACTERISTICS 419Valve Characteristics Dialog Box 420Valve Characteristic Curve Dialog Box 422

GENERAL NOTE ABOUT LOSS COEFFICIENTS ON VALVES 423Spot Elevations 423Turbines 423

IMPULSE TURBINE 426REACTION TURBINES 427MODELING HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS 429TURBINE PARAMETERS IN HAMMER 433TURBINE CURVE DIALOG BOX 434

Periodic Head-Flow Elements 435PERIODIC HEAD-FLOW PATTERN DIALOG BOX 435

Air Valves 436Hydropneumatic Tanks 439

VARIABLE ELEVATION CURVE DIALOG BOX 441Surge Valves 442Check Valves 443Rupture Disks 444Discharge to Atmosphere Elements 444Orifice Between Pipes Elements 446Valve with Linear Area Change Elements 447Surge Tanks 447Other Tools 452

BORDER TOOL 453TEXT TOOL 453LINE TOOL 454

How The Pressure Engine Loads Bentley HAMMER Elements 455Adding Elements to Your Model 456Manipulating Elements 457

Select Elements 457Splitting Pipes 459Reconnect Pipes 460Modeling Curved Pipes 460

POLYLINE VERTICES DIALOG BOX 461Assign Isolation Valves to Pipes Dialog Box 461Batch Pipe Split Dialog Box 463

1-vi Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

BATCH PIPE SPLIT WORKFLOW 464Merge Nodes in Close Proximity 465

Editing Element Attributes 466Property Editor 466

LABELING ELEMENTS 469RELABELING ELEMENTS 469SET FIELD OPTIONS DIALOG BOX 469

Using Named Views 470Using Selection Sets 472

Selection Sets Manager 473Group-Level Operations on Selection Sets 479

Using the Network Navigator 480Using the Duplicate Labels Query 486

Using the Pressure Zone Manager 487Pressure Zone Export Dialog Box 496Pressure Zone Flow Balance Tool Dialog Box 497

Using Prototypes 498Zones 502Engineering Libraries 504Hyperlinks 507Using Queries 515

Queries Manager 515QUERY PARAMETERS DIALOG BOX 518

Creating Queries 519USING THE LIKE OPERATOR 524

User Data Extensions 526User Data Extensions Dialog Box 529Sharing User Data Extensions Among Element Types 533Shared Field Specification Dialog Box 534Enumeration Editor Dialog Box 535User Data Extensions Import Dialog Box 536

Customization Manager 536Customization Editor Dialog Box 537

Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data 539Preparing to Use ModelBuilder 539ModelBuilder Connections Manager 542ModelBuilder Wizard 546

Step 1Specify Data Source 547Step 2Specify Spatial Options 549

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-vii

Step 3 - Specify Element Create/Remove/Update Options 551Step 4Additional Options 553Step 5Specify Field mappings for each Table/Feature Class 556Step 6Build operation Confirmation 560

Reviewing Your Results 561Multi-select Data Source Types 561ModelBuilder Warnings and Error Messages 561

Warnings 562Error Messages 563

ESRI ArcGIS Geodatabase Support 564Geodatabase Features 564Geometric Networks 565ArcGIS Geodatabase Features versus ArcGIS Geometric Network 565Subtypes 566SDE (Spatial Database Engine) 566

Specifying Network Connectivity in ModelBuilder 566Sample Spreadsheet Data Source 568

The GIS-ID Property 569GIS-ID Collection Dialog Box 570

Specifying a SQL WHERE clause in ModelBuilder 571Modelbuilder Import Procedures 571

Importing Pump Definitions Using ModelBuilder 572Using ModelBuilder to Import Pump Curves 577Using ModelBuilder to Import Patterns 581Using ModelBuilder to Import Time Series Data 585

Oracle as a Data Source for ModelBuilder 591Oracle/ArcSDE Behavior 592

Applying Elevation Data with TRex 593The Importance of Accurate Elevation Data 593Numerical Value of Elevation 594

Accuracy and Precision 595Obtaining Elevation Data 595Record Types 597Calibration Nodes 598TRex Terrain Extractor 598TRex Wizard 600

1-viii Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder 607Using GIS for Demand Allocation 607

Allocation 608Billing Meter Aggregation 610Distribution 611Projection 613

Using LoadBuilder to Assign Loading Data 614LoadBuilder Manager 614LoadBuilder Wizard 615LoadBuilder Run Summary 627Unit Line Method 627

Generating Thiessen Polygons 629Thiessen Polygon Creator Dialog Box 632Creating Boundary Polygon Feature Classes 634

Demand Control Center 635Apply Demand and Pattern to Selection Dialog Box 638

Unit Demands Dialog Box 640Unit Demand Control Center 643Pressure Dependent Demands 645

Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator 651Skeletonization 652

Skeletonization Example 653Common Automated Skeletonization Techniques 655

GenericData Scrubbing 655GenericBranch Trimming 655GenericSeries Pipe Removal 656

Skeletonization Using Skelebrator 657SkelebratorSmart Pipe Removal 657SkelebratorBranch Collapsing 658SkelebratorSeries Pipe Merging 659SkelebratorParallel Pipe Merging 661SkelebratorOther Skelebrator Features 662SkelebratorConclusion 663

Using the Skelebrator Software 664Skeletonizer Manager 665

BATCH RUN 669PROTECTED ELEMENTS MANAGER 671

Selecting Elements from Skelebrator 671Manual Skeletonization 674Branch Collapsing Operations 676

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-ix

Parallel Pipe Merging Operations 678Series Pipe Merging Operations 680Smart Pipe Removal Operations 684Conditions and Tolerances 686

PIPE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES 687JUNCTION CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES 687

Skelebrator Progress Summary Dialog Box 688Backing Up Your Model 689

Skeletonization and Scenarios 689Importing/Exporting Skelebrator Settings 690Skeletonization and Active Topology 692

Scenarios and Alternatives 693Understanding Scenarios and Alternatives 693

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of Automated Scenario Management 693 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A History of What-If Analyses 694Distributed Scenarios 694Self-Contained Scenarios 695 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Scenario Cycle 696 696 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenario Attributes and Alternatives 697 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Familiar Parallel 697 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inheritance 698

OVERRIDING INHERITANCE 699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC INHERITANCE 699

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Local and Inherited Values 700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizing Effort through Attribute Inheritance 700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizing Effort through Scenario Inheritance 701

Scenario Example - A Water Distribution System 702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building the Model (Average Day Conditions) 702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Different Demands (Maximum Day Conditions) 703 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another Set of Demands (Peak Hour Conditions) 704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correcting an Error 704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Analyzing Improvement Suggestions 705 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finalizing the Project 705 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages to Automated Scenario Management 706

Scenarios 707Scenarios Manager 707Base and Child Scenarios 708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Scenarios 709

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITING SCENARIOS 710Scenario Comparison Dialog Box 710Running Multiple Scenarios at Once (Batch Runs) 710

1-x Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Batch Run Editor Dialog Box 712

Alternatives 712Alternatives Manager 713Alternative Editor Dialog Box 715. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Base and Child Alternatives 716. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating Alternatives 716. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Alternatives 717

Active Topology Alternative 718Physical Alternative 720Demand Alternatives 721Initial Settings Alternative 722Operational Alternatives 723Age Alternatives 724Constituent Alternatives 725

CONSTITUENTS MANAGER DIALOG BOX 726Trace Alternative 727Fire Flow Alternative 728

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FILTER DIALOG BOX 733Energy Cost Alternative 734Pressure Dependent Demand Alternative 735Transient Alternative 736Flushing Alternative 737User Data Extensions 739

Scenario Comparison 739Scenario Comparison Options Dialog Box 742Scenario Comparison Collection Dialog Box 743

Modeling Capabilities 745Model and Optimize a Distribution System 746Steady-State/Extended Period Simulation 747

Steady-State Simulation 747Extended Period Simulation (EPS) 747

EPS RESULTS BROWSER 748EPS Results Browser Options 750

Hydraulic Transient Pressure Analysis 751Rigid-Column Simulation 752Data Requirements and Boundary Conditions 753Analysis of Transient Forces 754Infrastructure and Risk Management 755Water Column Separation and Vapor Pockets 756

GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO VAPOR PRESSURE 757GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO PIPE ELEVATIONS 757

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-xi

GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO WAVE SPEED 757AUTOMATIC OR DIRECT SELECTION OF THE TIME STEP 758

Check Run 758Orifice Demand and Intrusion Potential 759Numerical Model Calibration and Validation 760

GATHERING FIELD MEASUREMENTS 762TIMING AND SHAPE OF TRANSIENT PRESSURE PULSES 763

Steady State Run 763Global Demand and Roughness Adjustments 764Check Data/Validate 767User Notifications 768

User Notification Details Dialog Box 771Calculate Network 771Using the Totalizing Flow Meter 772

Totalizing Flow Meters Manager Dialog 772Totalizing Flow Meter Editor Dialog 773

System Head Curves 775System Head Curves Manager Dialog 775

Post Calculation Processor 777Flow Emitters 779Parallel VSPs 780Fire Flow Analysis 781

Fire Flow Results 782Fire Flow Results Browser 783Not Getting Fire Flow at a Junction Node 784

Water Quality Analysis 785Age Analysis 786Constituent Analysis 787Trace Analysis 788Modeling for IDSE Compliance 788

Criticality Analysis 797Outage Segments 799Running Criticality Analysis 800Understanding shortfalls 801Criticality Results 801Segmentation 803Segmentation Results 807Outage Segment Results 807

Calculation Options 808Controlling Results Output 816

1-xii Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Flow Tolerance 818Patterns 818

Pattern Manager 820Controls 823

Controls Tab 825Conditions Tab 829Actions Tab 836Control Sets Tab 840

LOGICAL CONTROL SETS DIALOG BOX 841Control Wizard 842

Active Topology 843Active Topology Selection Dialog Box 844

External Tools 846SCADAConnect 847

Mapping SCADA Signals 850Connection Manager 852Data Source Manager 854Custom Queries 855

Flushing Simulation 856Type of Flushing 856Starting model 857Specifying hydrant flows 857Flushing analysis work flow 857Flushing Results Browser 865

Modeling Tips 867Modeling a Hydropneumatic Tank 867Modeling a Pumped Groundwater Well 868Modeling Parallel Pipes 869Modeling Pumps in Parallel and Series 870Modeling Hydraulically Close Tanks 871Modeling Fire Hydrants 871Modeling a Connection to an Existing Water Main 871Top Feed/Bottom Gravity Discharge Tank 873Estimating Hydrant Discharge Using Flow Emitters 874Modeling Variable Speed Pumps 876

TYPES OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS 876PATTERN BASED 877FIXED HEAD 877CONTROLS WITH FIXED HEAD OPERATION 878PARALLEL VSPS 878VSP CONTROLLED BY DISCHARGE SIDE TANK 879VSP CONTROLLED BY SUCTION SIDE TANK 880FIXED FLOW VSP 881

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-xiii

Calibrating Your Model with Darwin Calibrator 883Calibration Studies 887

Field Data Snapshots Tab 888Adjustment Groups 894

GROUP GENERATOR DIALOG BOX 896Calibration Criteria 896

CALIBRATION CRITERIA FORMULAE 897Optimized Runs 899

Roughness Tab 899Demand Tab 900Status Tab 902Field Data Tab 902Options Tab 902Notes Tab 905

Manual Runs 905Roughness Tab 905Demand Tab 906Status Tab 907Field Data Tab 907Notes Tab 907

Calibration Solutions 908Correlation Graph Dialog Box 910Calibration Export to Scenario Dialog Box 911

Importing Field Data into Darwin Calibrator Using ModelBuilder 912Import Snapshots 912Import Observed Target 913

GA-Optimized Calibration Tips 915Darwin Calibrator Troubleshooting Tips 917

Optimizing Capital Improvement Plans with Darwin Design-er 921

Darwin Designer 922Design Study 923

Design Events tab 927Boundary Overrides tab 931Demand Adjustments tab 934Pressure Constraints tab 936Flow Constraints tab 938Design Groups tab and Rehab Groups tab 940Costs/Properties tab 944

REHABILITATION FUNCTIONS 950Design Type tab 950

1-xiv Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Notes Tab 952Initialize Table From Selection Set Dialog Box 952Load From Model Dialog Box 952

Optimized Design Run 953Design Events tab 954Design Groups tab 954Rehab Groups tab 955Options tab (Optimized Run only) 955Notes Tab 957

Manual Design Run 957Compute the Design Run 958Report Viewer 962Graph Dialog Box 964Export to Scenario 969Schema Augmentation 972Set Field Options 972Verification Summary 973

Manual Cost Estimating 974Initiating Costing Runs 974Building A Cost Function 975Identifying Elements for the Cost Calculation 976Calculating Costs 976

Advanced Darwin Designer Tips 978

Optimizing Pump Operations 987Energy Costs 987

Energy Costs Manager 987Energy Pricing Manager 990Energy Cost Analysis Calculations 992Energy Cost Results 992

COMPARING COST RESULTS ACROSS SCENARIOS 997Energy Cost Alternative 998

Optimizing Pump Schedules Using Darwin Scheduler 999Best Practices and Tips 999Darwin Scheduler 1004

Scheduler Study 1006Optimized Run 1016Solutions 1025Scheduler Results Plot 1028Export to Scenario Dialog Box 1029

Darwin Scheduler FAQ 1029

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-xv

Presenting Your Results 1045Transients Results Viewer Dialog (New) 1045

Profiles Tab 1046TRANSIENT PROFILE VIEWER DIALOG BOX 1047

Transient Profile Viewer Options Dialog Box 1049Time Histories Tab 1050

ADDITIONALLY, THIS TAB REPORTS THE FOLLOWING TIME HISTORY POINT STATIS-TICS:TRANSIENT RESULTS GRAPH VIEWER DIALOG BOX 1050

Annotating Your Model 1051Using Folders in the Element Symbology Manager 1055Annotation Properties 1058

FREE FORM ANNOTATION DIALOG BOX 1059Color Coding A Model 1060

Color Coding Legends 1064Contours 1064

Contour Definition 1066Contour Plot 1068Contour Browser Dialog Box 1069Enhanced Pressure Contours 1070

Using Profiles 1070Profile Setup 1072Profile Series Options Dialog Box 1073Profile Viewer 1074

Viewing and Editing Data in FlexTables 1082FlexTables 1082Working with FlexTable Folders 1084FlexTable Dialog Box 1085Opening FlexTables 1086Creating a New FlexTable 1087Deleting FlexTables 1087Naming and Renaming FlexTables 1087Editing FlexTables 1088Sorting and Filtering FlexTable Data 1091

CUSTOM SORT DIALOG BOX 1094Customizing Your FlexTable 1095Element Relabeling Dialog 1096FlexTable Setup Dialog Box 1097Copying, Exporting, and Printing FlexTable Data 1099Statistics Dialog Box 1101

Reporting 1101Using Standard Reports 1101

REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS 1101CREATING A SCENARIO SUMMARY REPORT 1102CREATING A PROJECT INVENTORY REPORT 1102

1-xvi Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

CREATING A PRESSURE PIPE INVENTORY REPORT 1102REPORT OPTIONS 1102

Graphs 1103Graph Manager 1104

ADD TO GRAPH DIALOG BOX 1106Printing a Graph 1106Working with Graph Data: Viewing and Copying 1106Graph Dialog Box 1107

GRAPH SERIES OPTIONS DIALOG BOX 1112OBSERVED DATA DIALOG BOX 1113

Sample Observed Data Source 1114

Chart Options Dialog Box 1115Chart Options Dialog Box - Chart Tab 1116

SERIES TAB 1117PANEL TAB 1117AXES TAB 1120GENERAL TAB 1127TITLES TAB 1128WALLS TAB 1133PAGING TAB 1134LEGEND TAB 11353D TAB 1141

Chart Options Dialog Box - Series Tab 1142FORMAT TAB 1142POINT TAB 1143GENERAL TAB 1144DATA SOURCE TAB 1145MARKS TAB 1146

Chart Options Dialog Box - Tools Tab 1150Chart Options Dialog Box - Export Tab 1151Chart Options Dialog Box - Print Tab 1153Border Editor Dialog Box 1154Gradient Editor Dialog Box 1155Color Editor Dialog Box 1156Color Dialog Box 1156Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box 1157

HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - SOLID TAB 1157HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - HATCH TAB 1158HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - GRADIENT TAB 1158HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - IMAGE TAB 1159

Pointer Dialog Box 1160Change Series Title Dialog Box 1161Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box 1161

CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - SERIES TAB 1161CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - AXIS TAB 1165CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - OTHER TAB 1168

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-xvii

TeeChart Gallery Dialog Box 1173SERIES 1173FUNCTIONS 1174

Customizing a Graph 1174Time Series Field Data 1179

SELECT ASSOCIATED MODELING ATTRIBUTE DIALOG BOX 1181Calculation Summary 1182

Calculation Summary Graph Series Options Dialog Box 1183Print Preview Window 1184

Importing and Exporting Data 1187Moving Data and Images between Model(s) and other Files 1187Importing a WaterGEMS V8i Database 1189Exporting a HAMMER v7 Model 1189Importing and Exporting Epanet Files 1190Importing and Exporting Submodel Files 1190

Exporting a Submodel 1191Importing a Bentley Water Model 1191

Oracle Login 1193Exporting a DXF File 1193File Upgrade Wizard 1193Export to Shapefile 1194

Menus 1195File Menu 1195Edit Menu 1198Analysis Menu 1200Components Menu 1202View Menu 1204Tools Menu 1207Report Menu 1210Help Menu 1211

1212

Technical Reference 1213Pressure Network Hydraulics 1213

1-xviii Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

Network Hydraulics Theory 1213The Energy Principle 1214The Energy Equation 1215Hydraulic and Energy Grades 1216Conservation of Mass and Energy 1217The Gradient Algorithm 1218Derivation of the Gradient Algorithm 1218The Linear System Equation Solver 1221Pump Theory 1222Valve Theory 1226

CHECK VALVES (CVS) 1226FLOW CONTROL VALVES (FCVS) 1226PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (PRVS) 1226PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVES (PSVS) 1226PRESSURE BREAKER VALVES (PBVS) 1226THROTTLE CONTROL VALVES (TCVS) 1227GENERAL PURPOSE VALVES (GPVS) 1227

Friction and Minor Loss Methods 1227Chezys Equation 1227Colebrook-White Equation 1228Hazen-Williams Equation 1228Darcy-Weisbach Equation 1229Swamee and Jain Equation 1230Mannings Equation 1231Minor Losses 1232

Water Quality Theory 1233Advective Transport in Pipes 1233Mixing at Pipe Junctions 1233Mixing in Storage Facilities 1234Bulk Flow Reactions 1235Pipe Wall Reactions 1237System of Equations 1239Lagrangian Transport Algorithm 1239

Engineers Reference 1241Roughness ValuesMannings Equation 1241Roughness ValuesDarcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) 1242Roughness ValuesHazen-Williams Equation 1242Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes 1244Fitting Loss Coefficients 1245

Genetic Algorithms Methodology 1246Darwin Calibrator Methodology 1246

CALIBRATION FORMULATION 1247CALIBRATION OBJECTIVES 1248CALIBRATION CONSTRAINTS 1249GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED CALIBRATION 1250

Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide 1-xix

Darwin Designer Methodology 1250MODEL LEVEL 1: LEAST COST OPTIMIZATION 1251MODEL LEVEL 2: MAXIMUM BENEFIT OPTIMIZATION 1251MODEL LEVEL 3: COST-BENEFIT TRADE-OFF OPTIMIZATION 1251

Design Variables 1252Cost Objective Functions 1252New Pipe Cost 1252Rehabilitation Pipe Cost 1253

BENEFIT FUNCTIONS 1253Pressure Benefits 1254Design Constraints 1256

MULTI OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED DESIGN 1258Competent Genetic Algorithms 1259

Energy Cost Theory 1261Pump Powers, Efficiencies, and Energy 1264Water Power 1264Brake Power and Pump Efficiency 1265Motor Power and Motor Efficiency 1265Energy 1266Cost 1267Storage Considerations 1267Daily Cost Equivalents 1268

Variable Speed Pump Theory 1268VSP Interactions with Simple and Logical Controls 1270Performing Advanced Analyses 1272

Hydraulic Equivalency Theory 1272Principles 1272

HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION 1273MANNINGS EQUATION 1274DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION 1275CHECK VALVES 1277MINOR LOSSES 1277NUMERICAL CHECK 1277

Thiessen Polygon Generation Theory 1279Nave Method 1279Plane Sweep Method 1280

Method for Modeling Pressure Dependent Demand 1281Use Cases 1282Supply Level Evaluation 1283Pressure Dependent Demand 1283Demand Deficit 1284Solution Methodology 1285Modified GGA Solution 1286Direct GGA Solution 1286

References 1287

1-xx Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Users Guide

1291

Technical Information Resources 1293docs.bentley.com 1294Bentley Services 1295Bentley Discussion Groups 1296Bentley on the Web 1296TechNotes/Frequently Asked Questions 1296BE Magazine 1296BE Newsletter 1296Client Server 1297BE Careers Network 1297Contact Bentley Systems 1297

Glossary 1299Glossary 1299

A 1299B 1299C 1300D 1301E 1302F 1303G 1304H 1304I 1305L 1305M 1306N 1307O 1308P 1308R 1309S 1310T 1311V 1312W 1312X 1313


1Getting Started inBentley WaterGEMS

V8i

Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration

Starting Bentley WaterGEMS V8i

Working with WaterGEMS V8i Files

Exiting WaterGEMS V8i

Using Online Help

Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT

Troubleshooting

Checking Your Current Registration Status

Application Window Layout

Municipal License Administrator Auto-ConfigurationAt the conclusion of the installation process, the Municipal License Administrator will be executed, to automatically detect and set the default configuration for your product, if possible. However, if multiple license configurations are detected on the license server, you will need to select which one to use by default, each time the product

Starting Bentley WaterGEMS V8i


starts. If this is the case, you will see the following warning: Multiple license config-urations are available for WaterGEMS V8i... Simply press OK to clear the Warning dialog, then press Refresh Configurations to display the list of available configura-tions. Select one and press Make Default, then exit the License Administrator. (You only need to repeat this step if you decide to make a different configuration the default in the future.)

Starting Bentley WaterGEMS V8i After you have finished installing WaterGEMS V8i, restart your system before starting WaterGEMS V8i for the first time.

To start WaterGEMS V8i

1. Double-click on the WaterGEMS V8i icon on your desktop.

or

2. Click Start > All Programs > Bentley > WaterGEMS V8i > WaterGEMS V8i.

Working with WaterGEMS V8i FilesWaterGEMS V8i uses an assortment of data, input, and output files. It is important to understand which are essential, which are temporary holding places for results and which must be transmitted when sending a model to another user. In general, the model is contained in a file with the wtg.mdb extension. This file contains essentially all of the information needed to run the model. This file can be zipped to dramatically reduce its size for moving the file.

The .wtg file and the drawing file (.dwh, dgn, dwg or .mdb) file contain user supplied data that makes it easier to view the model and should also be zipped and transmitted with the model when moving the model.

Other files found with the model are results files. These can be regenerated by running the model again. In general these are binary files which can only be read by the model. Saving these files makes it easy to look at results without the need to rerun the model. Because they can be easily regenerated, these files can be deleted to save space on the storage media.

When archiving a model at the end of the study, usually only the *.wtg.mdb, *.wtg files, and the platform specific supporting files (*.dwh, *.dgn, *.dwg or *.mdb) need to be saved.The file extensions are explained below:



.bak - backup files of the model files

.cri - results of criticality analysis

.dgn - drawing file for MicroStation platform

.dwg - drawing file for AutoCAD platform

.dwh - drawing file for stand alone platform

.mdb - access database file for ArcGIS platform

.nrg - results of energy calculations

.osm - outage segmentation results

.out - primary output file from hydraulic and water quality analyses

.out.fl - output file from flushing analysis

.rpc - report file from hydraulic analysis with user notifications

.seg - results of segmentation analysis

wtg.mdb - main model file

.wtg - display settings (e.g. color coding, annotation)

.xml - xml files, generally libraries, window and other settings. Some modules like ModelBuilder also use .xml files to store settings independent of the main model.

Using the Custom Results File Path Option

When the Specify Custom Results File Path option (found under Tools > Options > Project Tab) is on for the project, the result files will be stored in the custom path spec-ified when the project is closed. When the project is open, all of the applicable result files (if any) will be moved (not copied) to the temporary directory to be worked on. The result files will then be moved back to the custom directory when the project is closed.

The advantages of this are that moving a file on disk is very quick, as opposed to copying a file, which can be very slow. Also, if you have your project stored on a network drive and you specify a custom results path on your local disk, then you will avoid network transfer times as well. The disadvantages are that, should the program crash or the project somehow doesnt close properly, then the results files will not be moved back and will be lost.

Exiting WaterGEMS V8i


If you then wish to share these results files with another user of the model, you can use the Copy Results To Project Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Copy Results To Project Directory) to copy the results files to the saved location of the model. The user receiving the files may then use the Update Results From Project Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Update Results From Project Direc-tory) to copy the results files from the project directory to their custom results file path.

Exiting WaterGEMS V8iTo exit WaterGEMS V8i

1. Click the application window's Close icon.

orFrom the File menu, choose Exit.

Note: If you have made changes to the project file without saving, the following dialog box will open. Click Yes to save before exiting, No to exit without saving, or Cancel to stop the operation.

Using Online HelpWaterGEMS V8i Help menu and Help window are used to access WaterGEMS V8i extensive online help.

Context-sensitive online help is available. Hypertext links, which appear in color and are underlined when you pass the pointer over them, allow you to move easily between related topics.



Note: Certain Windows DLLs must be present on your computer in order to use Online Help. Make sure you have Microsoft Internet Explorer (Version 5.5 or greater) installed. You do not need to change your default browser as long as Internet Explorer is installed.

To open the Help window

1. From the Help menu, choose WaterGEMS V8i Help.The Help window opens, and the Table of Contents displays.

The Help window consists of two panes - the navigation pane on the left and the topic pane on the right.

2. To get help on a dialog box control or a selected element:Press and the Help window opens (unless it is already open) and shows the information about the selected element.

Subtopics within a help topic are collapsed by default. While a subtopic is collapsed only its heading is visible. To make visible a subtopic's body text and graphics you must expand the subtopic.

To expand a subtopic

Click the expand (+) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading itself.

Using Online Help


To collapse a subtopic

Click the collapse (-) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading itself.

The navigation pane has the following tabs:

Contents - used for browsing topics.

Index - index of help content.

Search - used for full-text searching of the help content.

Favorites - customizable list of your favorite topics

To browse topics using the Contents tab

1. On the Contents tab, click the folder symbol next to any book folder (such as Getting Started, Using Scenarios and Alternatives) to expand its contents.

2. Continue expanding folders until you reach the desired topic.

3. Select a topic to display its content in the topic pane.To display the next or previous topic according to the topic order shown in the Contents tab

To display the next topic, click the right arrow or to display the previous topic, click the left.

To use the index of help content

1. Click the Index tab.

2. In the search field, type the word you are searching for.orScroll through the index using the scroll bar to find a specific entry.

3. Select the desired entry and click the Display button.orDouble-click the desired entry.The content that the selected index entry is referencing displays in the topic pane.



Note: If you select an entry that has subtopics, a dialog box opens from which you can select the desired subtopic. In this case, select the subtopic and click the Display button.

To search for text in the help content

1. Click the Search tab.

2. In the search field, type the word or phrase for which you are searching.

3. Click the List Topics button.Results of the search display in the list box below the search field.

4. Select the desired topic and click the Display button.orDouble-click the desired topic.

Search results vary based on the quality of the search criteria entered in the Search field. The more specific the search criteria, the more narrow the search results. You can improve your search results by improving the search criteria. For example, a word is considered to be a group of contiguous alphanumeric characters. A phrase is a group of words and their punctuation. A search string is a word or phrase on which you search.

A search string finds any topic that contains all of the words in the string. You can improve the search by enclosing the search string in quotation marks. This type of search finds only topics that contain the exact string in the quotation marks.

To add a help topic to a list of favorite help topics

1. In the Contents, Index, or Search tabs, select the desired help topic.

2. Click the Favorites tab.The selected help topic automatically displays in the Current topic field at the bottom of the tab.

3. Click the Add button.To display a topic from your Favorites list

1. Click the Favorites tab.

2. In the list box, select the desired topic and click the Display button.orDouble-click the desired topic.The selected topic's content displays in the topic pane.

Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT


Online help is periodically updated and posted on Bentley's Documentation Web site, http://docs.bentley.com/ for downloading. On this site you can also browse the current help content for this product and other Bentley products.

Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECTBentley SELECT is the comprehensive delivery and support subscription program that features product updates and upgrades via Web downloads, around-the-clock technical support, exclusive licensing options, discounts on training and consulting services, as well as technical information and support channels. Its easy to stay up-to-date with the latest advances in our software. Software updates can be downloaded from our Web site, and your version of Bentley WaterGEMS V8i can then be upgraded to the current version quickly and easily. Just click Check for Updates on the toolbar to launch your preferred Web browser and open our Web site. The Web site automatically checks to see if your installed version is the latest available, and if not, it provides you with the opportunity to download the correct upgrade to bring it up-to-date. You can also access our KnowledgeBase for answers to your Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).

Note: Your PC must be connected to the Internet to use the Check for Updates button.

TroubleshootingDue to the multitasking capabilities of Windows, you may have applications running in the background that make it difficult for software setup and installations to deter-mine the configuration of your current system.

Try these steps before contacting our technical support staff

1. Shut down and restart your computer.

2. Verify that there are no other programs running. You can see applications currently in use by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc in Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Exit any applications that are running.

3. Disable any antivirus software that you are running.

Caution: After you install Bentley WaterGEMS V8i , make certain that you restart any antivirus software you have disabled. Failure to restart your antivirus software leaves you exposed to potentially destructive computer viruses.

4. Try running the installation or uninstallation again (without running any other program first).



If these steps fail to successfully install or uninstall the product, contact Technical Support.

Checking Your Current Registration StatusAfter you have registered the software, you can check your current registration status by opening the About... box from within the software itself.

To view your registration information

1. Select Help > About Bentley WaterGEMS V8i .

2. The version and build number for Bentley WaterGEMS V8i display in the lower-left corner of the About Bentley WaterGEMS V8i dialog box.

The current registration status is also displayed, including: user name and company, serial number, license type and check-in status, feature level, expiration date, and SELECT Server information.

Application Window LayoutThe WaterGEMS V8i application window contains toolbars that provide access to frequently used menu commands and are organized by the type of functionality offered.

Standard Toolbar

Edit Toolbar

Analysis Toolbar

Scenarios Toolbar

Compute Toolbar

View Toolbar

Help Toolbar

Layout Toolbar

Tools Toolbar

Zoom Toolbar

Customizing WaterGEMS V8i Toolbars and Buttons



WaterGEMS V8i Dynamic Manager Display

Standard Toolbar

The Standard toolbar contains controls for opening, closing, saving, and printing WaterGEMS V8i projects.



The Standard toolbar is arranged as follows:

To Use

Create a new Bentley WaterGEMS V8i project. When you select this command, the Select File to Create dialog box opens, allowing you to define a name and directory location for the new project.

New

Open an existing Bentley WaterGEMS V8i project. When this command is initialized, the Select Bentley WaterGEMS V8i Project to Open dialog box opens, allowing you to browse to the project to be opened.

Open

Closes the currently open project. Close

Close all the projects that are opened. Close All



Edit Toolbar

The Edit toolbar contains controls for deleting, finding, undoing, and redoing actions in WaterGEMS V8i.

Save the current project. Save

Save all the projects that are opened. Save All

Open the Print Preview window, displaying the current view of the network as it will be printed. Choose Fit to Page to print the entire network scaled to fit on a single page or Scaled to print the network at the scale defined by the values set in the Drawing tab of the project Options dialog (Tools > Options).If the model is printed to scale, it may contain one or more pages (depending on how large the model is relative to the page size specified in the Page Settings dialog, which is accessed through the Print Preview window).

Print Preview

Print the current view of the network. Choose Fit to Page to print the entire network scaled to fit on a single page or Scaled to print the network at the scale defined by the values set in the Drawing tab of the project Options dialog (Tools > Options).If the model is printed to scale, it may contain one or more pages (depending on how large the model is relative to the page size specified in the Page Settings dialog, which is accessed through the Print Preview window).

Print



The Edit toolbar is arranged as follows:

Analysis Toolbar

The Analysis toolbar contains controls for analyzing WaterGEMS V8i projects.

To Use

Cancel your most recent action. Undo

Redo the last canceled action. Redo

Delete the currently selected element(s) from the network.

Delete

Removes the highlighting that can be applied using the Network Navigator.

Clear Highlight

Find a specific element by choosing it from a menu containing all elements in the current model.

Find Element



The Analysis toolbar is arranged as follows:

To Use

Open the Totalizing Flow Meters dialog box, which allows you to view, edit, and create flow meter definitions.

Totalizing Flow Meters

Open the Hydrant Flow Curves dialog box, which allows you to view, edit, and create hydrant flow definitions.

Hydrant Flow Curves

Open the System Head Curves dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create system head definitions.

System Head Curves

Open the Post Calculation Processor, where you can perform statistical analysis for an element or elements on various results obtained during an extended period simulation calculation.

Post Calculation Processor

Open the Energy Costs dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create energy cost scenarios.

Energy Costs

Open the Darwin Calibrator dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create calibration studies.

Darwin Calibrator



Scenarios Toolbar

The Scenarios toolbar contains controls for creating scenarios in WaterGEMS V8i projects.

Open the Darwin Designer dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create designer studies.

Darwin Designer

Open the Darwin Scheduler dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create scheduler studies.

Darwin Scheduler

Open the Criticality dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create criticality studies.

Criticality

Open the Pressure Zone dialog box, where you can view, edit, and create pressure zone studies.

Pressure Zone



The Scenarios toolbar is arranged as follows:

Compute Toolbar

The Compute toolbar contains controls for computing WaterGEMS V8i projects.

To Use

Change the current scenario. Scenario List Box

Open the Scenario manager, where you can create, view, and manage project scenarios.

Scenarios

Open the Alternative manager, where you can create, view, and manage project alternatives.

Alternatives

Open the Calculation Options manager, where you can create different profiles for different calculation settings.

Calculation Options



The Compute toolbar contains the following:

To Use

Run a diagnostic check on the network data to alert you to possible problems that may be encountered during calculation. This is the manual validation command, and it checks for input data errors. It differs in this respect from the automatic validation that WaterGEMS V8i runs when the compute command is initiated, which checks for network connectivity errors as well as many other things beyond what the manual validation checks.

Validate

Calculate the network. Before calculating, an automatic validation routine is triggered, which checks the model for network connectivity errors and performs other validation.

Compute

Open the EPS Results Browser manager, allowing you to manipulate the currently displayed time step and to animate the drawing pane.

EPS Results Browser



View Toolbar

The View toolbar contains controls for viewing WaterGEMS V8i projects.

Open the Fire Flow Results Browser dialog box. Fire Flow Results Browser

Open the Flushing Results Browser dialog box. Flushing Results Browser

Open the Calculation Summary dialog box. Calculation Summary

Open the User Notifications Manager, allowing you to view warnings and errors uncovered by the validation process. This button does not appear in the toolbar by default but can be added

User Notifications



The View toolbar contains the following:

To Use

Open the Element Symbology manager, allowing you to create, view, and manage the element symbol settings for the project.

Element Symbology

Open the Background Layers manager, allowing you to create, view, and manage the background layers associated with the project.

Background Layers

Open the Network Navigator dialog box. Network Navigator

Open the Selection Sets Manager, allowing you to create, view, and modify the selection sets associated with the project.

Selection Sets

Opens the Query Manager. Queries

Opens the Prototypes Manager. Prototypes

Open the FlexTables manager, allowing you to create, view, and manage the tabular reports for the project.

FlexTables

Open the Graph manager, allowing you to create, view, and manage the graphs for the project.

Graphs



Help Toolbar

The Help toolbar provides quick access to the some of the commands that are avail-able in the Help menu.

Open the Profile manager, allowing you to create, view, and manage the profiles for the project.

Profiles

Open the Contour Manager where you can create, view, and manage contours.

Contours

Open the Named Views manager where you can create, view, and manage named views.

Named Views

Open the Aerial View manager where you can zoom to different elements in the project.

Aerial View

Opens the Property Editor. Properties

Opens the Customizations manager. Customizations



The Help toolbar contains the following:

Layout Toolbar

The Layout toolbar is used to lay out a model in the WaterGEMS V8i drawing pane.

To Use

Open your Web browser to the SELECTservices page on the Bentley Web site.

Check for SELECT Updates

Open the Bentley Institute page on the Bentley Web site.

Bentley Institute Training

Open your Web browser to the SELECTservices page on the Bentley Web site.

Bentley SELECT Support

Opens your web browser to the Bentley.com Web sites main page.

Bentley.com

Opens the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i online help.

Help



The Layout toolbar contains the following:

To Use

Change your mouse cursor into a selection tool. The selection tool behavior varies depending on the direction in which the mouse is dragged after defining the first corner of the selection box, as follows:

If the selection is made from left-to-right, all elements that fall completely within the selection box that is defined will be selected.

If the selection is made from right-to-left, all elements that fall completely within the selection box and that cross one or more of the lines of the selection box will be selected.

Select

Change your mouse cursor into a pipe tool. Pipe

Change your mouse cursor into a junction tool. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Junction

Change your mouse cursor into a hydrant tool. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Hydrant

Change your mouse cursor into a tank element symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Tank

Change your mouse cursor into a reservoir element symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Reservoir

Change your mouse cursor into a pump element symbol. Clicking the left mouse button while this tool is active causes a pump element to be placed at the location of the mouse cursor.

Pump



Change your mouse cursor into a pump station element symbol. Clicking the left mouse button while this tool is active causes a pump station element to be placed at the location of the mouse cursor.

Variable Speed Pump Battery

Change your mouse cursor into a valve tool. Click the down arrow to select the type of valve you want to place in your model:

Pressure Reducing Valve

Pressure Sustaining Valve

Pressure Breaker Valve

Flow Control Valve

Throttle Control Valve

General Purpose Valve

Valves

Change your mouse cursor into an isolation valve symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Isolation Valve

Change your mouse cursor into a spot elevation symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Spot Elevation

Change your mouse cursor into a turbine symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element..

Turbine

Change your mouse cursor into a periodic head-flow symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Periodic Head-Flow

Change your mouse cursor into an air valve symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Air Valve



Change your mouse cursor into a hydropneumatic tank symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Hydropneumatic Tank

Change your mouse cursor into a surge valve symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Surge Valve

Change your mouse cursor into a check valve symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Check Valve

Change your mouse cursor into a rupture disk symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Rupture Disk

Change your mouse cursor into a discharge to atmosphere symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Discharge to Atmosphere

Change your mouse cursor into an orifice between pipes symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Orifice Between Pipes

Change your mouse cursor into a valve with linear area change symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Valve with Linear Area Change



Tools Toolbar

The Tools toolbar provides quick access to the same commands that are available in the Tools menu.

The Tools toolbar contains the following:

Change your mouse cursor into a surge tank symbol. When this tool is active, click in the drawing pane to place the element.

Surge Tank

Change your mouse cursor into a border symbol. When the border tool is active, you can draw a simple box in the drawing pane using the mouse. For example, you might want to draw a border around the entire model.

Border

Change your mouse cursor into a text symbol. When the text tool is active, you can add simple text to your model. Click anywhere in the drawing pane to display the Text Editor dialog box, where you can enter text to be displayed in your model.

Text

Change your mouse cursor into a line symbol. When this tool is active, you can draw lines and polygons in your model using the mouse.

Line



To Use

Open a Select dialog to select areas in the drawing. Active Topology Selection

Open the ModelBuilder Connections Manager, where you can create, edit, and manage ModelBuilder connections to be used in the model-building/model-synchronizing process.

ModelBuilder

Open the TRex wizard where you can select the data source type, set the elevation dataset, choose the model and features.

Trex

Open the SCADAConnect manager where you can add or edit signals.

SCADAConnect

Open the Skelebrator manager to define how to skeletonize your network.

Skelebrator Skeletonizer

Open the LoadBuilder manager where you can create and manage Load Build templates.

Load Builder

Open the Wizard used to create a Thiessen polygon. Thiessen Polygon

Open the Demand Control Center manager where you can add new demands, delete existing demands, or modify existing demands.

Demand Control Center



Open the Unit Demand Control Center manager where you can add new unit demands, delete existing unit demands, or modify existing unit demands.

Unit Demand Control Center

Associate external files, such as pictures or movie files, with elements.

Hyperlinks

Open the User Data Extension dialog box, which allows you to add and define custom data fields. For example, you can add new fields such as the pipe installation date.

User Data Extensions

Compact the database, which eliminates the empty data records, thereby defragmenting the datastore and improving the performance of the file.

Compact Database

Synchronize the current model drawing with the project database.

Synchronize Drawing

Ensures consistency between the database and the model by recalculating and updating certain cached information. Normally this operation is not required to be used.

Update Database Cache

This command copies the model result files (if any) from the project directory (the directory where the project .mdb file is saved) to the custom result file directory. The custom result directory is specified in Tools>Options>Project tab. This allows you to make a copy of the results that may exist in the model's save directory and replace the current results being worked on with them.

Update Results from Project Directory

This command copies the result files that are currently being used by the model to the project directory (where the project .mdb is stored).

Copy Results to Project Directory



Zoom Toolbar

The Zoom toolbar provides access to the zooming and panning tools.

The Zoom toolbar contains the following:

Open a Batch Assign Isolation Valves window where you can find the nearest pipe for each selected isolation and assign the valve to that pipe.

Assign Isolation Valves to Pipes

Opens the Batch Pipe Split dialog. Batch Pipe Split

Open the External Tools dialog box. Customize

Open the Options dialog box, which allows you to change Global settings, Drawing, Units, Labeling, and ProjectWise.

Options

To Use

Set the view so that the entire model is visible in the drawing pane.

Zoom Extents

Activate the manual zoom tool, where you can specify a portion of the drawing to enlarge.

Zoom Window

Magnify the current view in the drawing pane. Zoom In



Reduce the current view in the drawing pane. Zoom Out

Enable the realtime zoom tool, which allows you to zoom in and out by moving the mouse while the left mouse button is depressed.

Zoom Realtime

Open up the Zoom Center dialog box where you can set X and Y coordinates and the percentage of Zoom.

Zoom Center

Enable you to zoom to specific elements in the drawing. You must select the elements to zoom to before you select the tool.

Zoom Selection

Return the zoom level to the most recent previous setting.

Zoom Previous

Reset the zoom level to the setting that was active before a Zoom Previous command was executed. This button also does not appear in the Zoom toolbar by default.

Zoom Next

Activate the Pan tool, which allows you to move the model within the drawing pane. When you select this command, the cursor changes to a hand, indicating that you can click and hold the left mouse button and move the mouse to move the drawing.

Pan

Update the main window view according to the latest information contained in the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i datastore.

Refresh Drawing



Customizing WaterGEMS V8i Toolbars and Buttons

Toolbar buttons represent Bentley WaterGEMS V8i menu commands. Toolbars can be controlled in Bentley WaterGEMS V8i using View > Toolbars. You can turn tool-bars on and off, move the toolbar to a different location in the work space, or you can add and remove buttons from any toolbar.



To turn toolbars on

Click View > Toolbars, then click in the space to the left of the toolbar you want to turn on.

To turn toolbars off

Click View > Toolbars, then click the check mark next to the toolbar you want to turn off.

To move a toolbar to a different location in the workspace

Move your mouse to the vertical dotted line on the left side of any toolbar, then drag the toolbar to the desired location. If you move a toolbar away from the other toolbar, the toolbar becomes a floating dialog box.

To add or remove a button from a toolbar

1. Click the down arrow on the end of the toolbar you want to customize. A series of submenus appear, allowing you to select or deselect any icon in that toolbar.

2. Click Add or Remove Buttons then move the mouse cursor to the right until all of the submenus appear, as shown as follows:

3. Click the space to left of the toolbar button you want to add. A check mark is visible in the submenu and the button opens in the toolbar.

or

Click the check mark next to the toolbar button you want to remove. The button will no longer appear in the toolbar.

WaterGEMS V8i Dynamic Manager Display

Most of the features in Bentley WaterGEMS V8i is accessed through a system of dynamic windows called managers. For example, the look of the elements is controlled in the Element Symbology manager while animation is controlled in the EPS Results Browser manager.



The following table lists all the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i managers, their toolbar buttons, and keyboard shortcuts.

Toolbar Button Manager

Keyboard Shortcut

Scenariosbuild a model run from alternatives.

Alternativescreate and manage alternatives.

Calculation Optionsset parameters for the numerical engine.

Totalizing Flow Meterscreate and manage flow meters.

Hydrant Flow Curvescreate and manage hydrant flow curves.

System Head Curvescreate and manage system flow curves.

Element Symbologycontrol how elements look and what attributes are displayed.

Background Layerscontrol the display of background layers.

Network Navigatorhelps you find nodes in your model.

Selection Setscreate and manage selection sets.

Queriescreate SQL expressions for use with selection sets and FlexTables.



When you first start Bentley WaterGEMS V8i , only two managers are displayed: the Element Symbology and Background Layers managers. This is the default workspace. You can display as many managers as you want and move them to any location in the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i workspace.

Prototypescreate and manage prototypes.

FlexTablesdisplay and edit tables of elements.

Graphscreate and manage graphs.

Profiles draw profiles of parts of your network.

Contourscreate and manage contours.

Propertiesdisplay properties of individual elements or managers.

RefreshUpdate the main window view according to the latest information contained in the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i datastore.

EPS Results Browsercontrols animated displays.

User Notificationspresents error and warning messages resulting from a calculation.

Compute.

Toolbar Button Manager

Keyboard Shortcut



To return to the default workspace

Click View > Reset Workspace.

If you return to the default workspace, the next time you start Bentley Water-GEMS V8i , you will lose any customizations you might have made to the dynamic manager display.

To open a manager

1. Do one of the following:

Select the desired manager from the View menu.

Click a managers button on one of the toolbars.

Press the keyboard shortcut for the desired manager.

2. If the manager is not already docked, you can drag it to the top, left- or right-side, or bottom of the WaterGEMS V8i window to dock it. For more information on docking managers, see Customizing Managers.

Customizing Managers

When you first start Bentley WaterGEMS V8i , you will see the default workspace in which a limited set of dock-able managers are visible. You can decide which managers will be displayed at any time and where they will be displayed. You can also return to the default workspace any time.

There are four states for each manager:

FloatingA floating manager sits above the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i workspace like a dialog box. You can drag a floating manager anywhere and continue to work.

You can also:

Resize a floating manager by dragging its edges.

Close a floating manager by clicking on the x in the top right-hand corner of the title bar.

Change the properties of the manager by right-clicking on the title bar.

Switch between multiple floating managers in the same location by clicking the managers tab.

Dock the manager by double-clicking the title bar.



Docked staticA docked static manager attaches to any of the four sides of the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i window. If you drag a floating manager to any of the four sides of the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i window, the manager will attach or dock itself to that side of the window. The manager will stay in that location unless you close it or make it dynamic. A vertical pushpin in the managers title bar indicates its static state; click the pushpin to change the managers state to dynamic. When the push pin is pointing downward (vertical push pin), the manager is docked.

You can also:

Close a docked manager by left clicking on the x in the upper right corner of the title bar.

Change a docked manager into a floating manager by double-clicking the title bar, or by dragging the manager to the desired location (for example, away from the side of the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i window).

Change a static docked manager into a dynamically docked manager by clicking the push pin in the title bar.

Switch between multiple docked managers in the same location by clicking the managers tab.

Docked dynamicA docked dynamic manager also docks to any of the four sides of the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i window, but remains hidden except for a single tab. Show a docked dynamic manager by moving the mouse over the tab, or by clicking the tab. When the manager is showing (not hidden), a horizontal pushpin in its title bar indicates its dynamic state.

You can also:

Close a docked manager by left-clicking on the x in the upper right corner of the title bar.

Change a docked dynamic manager into a docked static manager by clicking the push pin (converting it from vertical to horizontal).

Switch between multiple docked managers in the same location by moving the mouse over the managers tab or by clicking the managers tab.

ClosedWhen a manager is closed, you cannot view it. Close a manager by clicking the x in the right corner of the managers title bar. Open a manager by selecting the manager from the View menu (for example, View > Element Symbology), or by selecting the button for that manager on the appropriate toolbar.


2Chapter

Quick Start Lessons

Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis

Extended Period Simulation

Scenario Management

Reporting Results

Automated Fire Flow Analysis

Water Quality Analysis

Working with Data from External Sources

Darwin Designer to Optimize the Setup of a Pipe Network

Darwin Designer to Optimize a Pipe Network

Energy Costs

Pressure Dependent Demands

Criticality and Segmentation

Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State AnalysisIn constructing a distribution network for this lesson, you do not need to be concerned with assigning labels to pipes and nodes, because Bentley WaterGEMS V8i will assign labels automatically. When creating a schematic drawing, pipe lengths are entered manually. In a scaled drawing, pipe lengths are automatically calculated from the position of the pipes bends and start and stop nodes on the drawing pane.



In this network, the modeling of a reservoir connected to a pump simulates a connec-tion to the main water distribution system. Simplifying the network in this way can approximate the pressures supplied to the system at the connection under a range of demands. This type of approximation is not always applicable, and care should be taken when modeling a network in this way. It is more accurate to trace the network back to the source.

In this lesson, you will create and analyze the network shown below. You will use a scaled background drawing for most of the network; however, four of the pipes are not to scale and will have user-defined lengths.

Step 1: Create a New Project File

Quick Start Lessons


This lesson has instructions for use with the WaterGEMS V8i interface and the AutoCAD interface.

Using the WaterGEMS V8i interface:

1. Double-click the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i icon. The welcome dialog box opens.

2. Click Create New Project and an untitled project opens.

3. Choose Tools > Options > Units. Since you will be working in System Interna-tional units, click Reset Defaults to System International.

4. Verify that the Default Unit System for New Project is set to SI. If not, select from the menu.

5. Select the Project tab to make sure Drawing Mode is set to Scaled.

6. Set the Horizontal Scale Factor 1 cm = 40 m.

7. Click OK.



8. Set up the project. Choose File > Project Properties and name the project Lesson 1Steady State Analysis and click OK.

9. Choose File > Save as. In the Save File As dialog box, double-click the Lesson folder.

10. Enter the file name MYLESSON1.WTG for your project, and click Save.

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Using the AutoCAD interface:

1. Double-click the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i desktop icon to start Bentley Water-GEMS V8i for AutoCAD.

2. Choose Tools > Options > Units. Since you will be working in System Interna-tional units, click Reset Defaults to System International.

3. Verify that the Default Unit System for New Project is set to SI. If not, select from the menu.

4. Click OK.

5. Select File > Open

6. Select the existing AutoCAD file LESSON1.DWG from the Lesson folder.

7. With the drawing open, select File > Save As. In the Save Drawing As dialog box, double-click the Lesson folder, enter the filename as MYLESSON1.DWG and click Save to save the file in your \Bentley WaterGEMS V8i \Lesson directory. Now, select the Layout Elements tool in the Bentley WaterGEMS V8i toolbar. Then, move the cursor onto the drawing pane and right-click to select Reservoir from the shortcut menu. Click the approximate location of reservoir R-1 (see diagram above). You will be prompted to set up the project. Click Yes to open the Project Setup Wizard.

8. In the Project Setup Wizard, title the project Lesson 1Steady State Analysis and click the Next button.

9. Choose your desired settings. For this lesson, use the program default values. Click the Next button.

10. Select the Scaled button located under the Drawing Scale option. Set the hori-zontal scale to 1 mm = 4000 mm, and the vertical scale to 1 mm = 400 mm.

11. Click the Next button to continue.

12. The element prototype buttons allow you to set default values for each element type. We will use the default prototype values in this lesson, so click the Finished button.



Step 2: Lay out the Network

1. Select Pipe from the layout toolbar.

2. Move the cursor on the drawing pain and right click to select Reservoir from the

menu or click from the toolbar.

3. Click to place R-1.

4. Move the cursor to the location of pump P-1. Right-click and select Pump from the shortcut menu.

Click to place it.

5. Right click to select Junction from the menu and click to place J-1.

6. Click to place junctions J-2, J-3, and J-4.

7. Click on J-1 to finish.

8. Right-click and choose Done from the menu.

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9. Create J-5.

a. Select the Pipe layout tool again.

b. Click junction J-3.

c. Move the cursor to the location of J-5, and click to insert the element.

d. Right-click and select Done.

10. Insert the PRV from the menu, and junction J-6 by selecting the Pipe layout tool and placing the elements in their appropriate locations.

Be sure to lay out the pipes in numerical order (P-7 through P-9), so that their labels correspond to the labels in the diagram. Right-click and select Done from the menu to terminate the Pipe Layout command.

11. Insert the tank, T-1, using the Pipe layout tool. Pipe P-10 should connect the tank to the network if you laid out the elements in the correct order.

12. Save the network by clicking Save or choose File > Save.

Step 3: Enter and modify data



Dialog BoxesYou can use the Select tool and double-click an element to bring up its Properties editor. In AutoCAD, click the element once with the Select tool to open the elements editor.

FlexTablesYou can click FlexTables to bring up dynamic tables that allow you to edit and display the model data in a tabular format. You can edit the data as you would in a spreadsheet.

User Data ExtensionsThe User Data Extensions feature allows you to import and export element data directly from XML files.

Alternative EditorsAlternatives are used to enter data for different What If? situations used in Scenario Management.

Entering Data through Dialog Boxes

To access an elements dialog box in WaterGEMS V8i mode, double-click the element. In AutoCAD, first click the Select tool on the toolbar, then click the element whose attributes you wish to modify.

1. Open the Reservoir Editor for reservoir R-1.

2. Enter the Elevation as 198.

3. Set Zone to Connection Zone.

a. Click the menu to Edit Zones which will open the Zone Manager.

Quick Start Lessons


b. Click New .

c. Enter a label for the new pressure zone called Connection Zone.

d. Click Close.

e. Select the zone you just created from the Zone menu.

f. Close the Reservoir Editor.

4. Open the Tank Editor for tank T-1 and enter the following:Elevation (Base) = 200Elevation (Minimum) = 220Elevation (Initial) = 225Elevation (Maximum) = 226Diameter (m) = 8Section = Circular



Set the Zone to Zone 1

Close the Tank editor.

5. Open the Pump Editor for pump PMP-1.

a. Enter 193 for the Elevation.

b. Click in the Pump Definition field and click on Edit Pump Definitions from the drop-down list to open the Pump Definitions manager.

Quick Start Lessons


c. Click New to create a new pump definition. Name it PMP-1.

d. Select Standard (3 Point) from the Pump Type menu.

e. Right click on Flow to open the Units and Formatting menu.

f. Click on it and then in the Set Field Options box set the Units to L/min

.

g. Click OK.



h. Enter the following information:

i. Click Close.

j. Select PMP-1 from the Pump Definition menu.

k. Click to exit the dialog box.

6. Click to open the PRV Editor for valve PRV-1. Enter in the following:Elevation =165Diameter = 150Pressure = 390Status = ActiveSettings = Pressure

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Create Zone-2 and set it.Click to exit.

7. Enter the following data for each of the junctions.

Leave all other fields set to their default values.



In order to add the demand, click the ellipsis in the Demand Collection field to open the Demand box, click New, and type in the numbers for Flow (L/min).

Click to exit.

8. Specify user-defined lengths for pipes P-1, P-7, P-8, P-9 and P-10.

a. Double-click pipe P-1 to open the Pipe Editor.

b. Set Has User Defined Length? to True. Then, enter a value of 0.01 m in the Length field. Since you are using the reservoir and pump to simulate the connection to the main distribution system, you want headloss through this pipe to be negligible. Therefore, the length is very small and the diameter will be large.

c. Enter 1000 mm as the diameter of P1.

d. Repeat for pipes P-7 through P-10 using the following user-defined lengths and diameters.P7 = 400

Quick Start Lessons


P8 = 500P9 = 31P-10 = 100

e. Click to close.

Step 4: Entering Data through FlexTables

It is often more convenient to enter data for similar elements in tabular form, rather than to individually open a dialog box for an element, enter the data into the dialog box, and then select the next element. Using FlexTables, you can enter the data as you would enter data into a spreadsheet.



To use FlexTables

1. Click FlexTables or choose View > FlexTables.

2. Double-click Pipe Table and click OK. Fields that are white can be edited, but yellow fields can not.

Quick Start Lessons


3. For each of the pipes, enter the diameter and the pipe material as follows:



4. In order to enter the material type, click the ellipsis to open the Engi-neering Libraries box. Click on Material Libraries > Material Libraries.xml and then click the appropriate material type and then click Select.

Or, enter the material type in the field.

5. Notice that the C values for the pipes will be automatically assigned to preset values based on the material; however, these values could be modified if a different coefficient were required.

6. Leave other data set to their default values. Click to exit the table when you are finished.

Quick Start Lessons


Step 5: Run a Steady-State Analysis

1. Click to open the Base Calculation Options box.

2. Double-click or right click to open the Properties manager and make sure that the Time Analysis Type is set to Steady State.

Click to close.

3. Click Validate , then click Ok if no problems are found.

4. Click Compute to analyze the model.

5. When calculations are completed, User Notifications open.

A green light indicates no warnings or issues, a yellow light indicates warnings, and a red light indicates issues.

6. Click to close User Notification.

7. Click to Save project.



Extended Period SimulationThis lesson will illustrate how Bentley WaterGEMS V8i can model the behavior of a water distribution system through time using an extended period simulation (EPS). An EPS can be conducted for any duration you specify. System conditions are computed over the given duration at a specified time increment. Some of the types of system behaviors that can be analyzed using an EPS include how tank levels fluctuate, when pumps are running, whether valves are open or closed, and how demands change throughout the day.

This lesson is based on the project created in Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis. If you have not completed it, then open the project LESSON2.WTG (LESSON2.DWG in the AutoCAD version) from the Bentley\Bentley WaterGEMS V8i \Lesson directory. If you completed Lesson 1, then you can use the MYLESSON1 file you created.

To open the existing project

1. Open MYLESSON1.WTG.

2. After you have opened the file, choose File > Save As.

3. Enter the filename MYLESSON2 and click Save.

4. Choose File > Project Properties, and change the Project Title to Lesson 2Extended Period Simulation.

5. Click OK.

Step 1: To Create Demand Patterns

Quick Start Lessons


Water demand in a distribution system fluctuates over time. For example, residential water use on a typical weekday is higher than average in the morning before people choose work, and is usually highest in the evening when residents are preparing dinner, washing clothes, etc. This variation in demand over time can be modeled using demand patterns. Demand patterns are multipliers that vary with time and are applied to a given base demand, most typically the average daily demand.

In this lesson, you will be dividing the single fixed demands for each junction node in Lesson 1 into two individual demands with different demand patterns. One demand pattern will be created for residential use, and another for commercial use. You will enter demand patterns at the junction nodes through the junction editors.

1. Open the editor for Junction J-1 (double-click junction J-1) and click the ellipsis

in the Demand Collection field to open the Demands box.

2. By default, the demand pattern is set to Fixed. Enter 23 l/min for Flow. (If field already has a number from previous lesson, type over it.)



3. Click in the Pattern (Demand) field and click the ellipsis to open the Patterns manager.

4. Click New to create a pattern for this model.

a. Rename the new pattern Residential.

b. Leave the Start Time 12:00:00 AM.

c. Enter 0.5 as the Starting Multiplier.

d. In the Pattern Format menu select Stepwise.

The resulting demand pattern will have multipliers that remain constant until the next pattern time increment is reached.

Note that the multiplier for the last time given (24 hrs.) must be the same as the Starting Multiplier (0.5). These values are equal because the demand curve represents a complete cycle, with the last point the same as the first.

Quick Start Lessons


e. Under the Hourly tab, enter the following times and multipliers:

f. The Residential Patterns dialog box should look like the following:

Time from Start Multiplier

3 .4

6 1

9 1.3

12 1.2

15 1.2

18 1.6

21 .8

24 .5



5. Click New to create a new pattern for commercial demands.

a. Rename the new pattern Commercial.

b. Leave the Start Time 12:00:00 AM.

c. Enter 0.4 as the Starting Multiplier.

d. In the Pattern Format menu select Stepwise.

e. Under the Hourly tab, enter the following times and multipliers:

Time from Start Multiplier

3 .6

6 .8

9 1.6

12 1.6

15 1.2

18 .8

21 .6

24 .4

Quick Start Lessons


f. The Commercial Patterns dialog box should look like the following:

6. Click Close.

7. In the Pattern field, select Residential from the menu.

8. In the second row, enter a flow of 15 l/min and select Commercial as the pattern for this row.

9. Close the Demands dialog box.

10. Close the J-1 Properties dialog box.



11. Choose Demand Collection in the properties for junctions J-2, J-3, J-4, J-5 and J-6 and enter the following demand data using the Residential and Commercial demand patterns already created.

12. Now, you will set up an additional demand pattern to simulate a three-hour fire at node J-6.

a. In the Demand Collection field for J-6, click the ellipsis to insert an additional Flow of 2000 l/min in row three of the Demands table.

b. Click the Pattern column for row three and select the ellipsis to open the Pattern Manager.

c. Click New to create a new pattern.

d. Rename the new pattern 3-Hour Fire

e. Leave the Start Time 12:00:00 AM

f. Enter 0.00 as the Starting Multiplier.

g. Select the Stepwise format.

h. Under the Hourly tab, enter the following times and multipliers:Time from Start Multiplier

18 1

21 0

24 0

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i. After you have filled in the table, look at the Graph in the lower section of the Patterns box.

The value of the multiplier is zero, except for the period between 18 and 21 hours, when it is 1.0. Since the input the demand as 2000 l/min., the result will be a 2000 l/min. fire flow at junction J-6 between hours 18 and 21.

j. Click Close.

13. Select the new pattern, 3-Hour Fire, from the Pattern selection box in row three of the demands table.

14. Close the Demands dialog box.



15. Close the Junction Properties dialog box.

Step 2: To run an Extended Period Simulation (EPS)

1. Click Calculation Options to open the Base Calculation Options box.

2. Double-click or right click to open the properties manager and select EPS from the Time Analysis Type

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