watermelon ripeness sensor melon inc. in search of perfect melons. jason l. firko allan cohen matt...
TRANSCRIPT
WatermelonWatermelon Ripeness Ripeness SensorSensor
Melon Inc.Melon Inc.In Search of Perfect Melons.In Search of Perfect Melons.
Jason L. FirkoJason L. Firko
Allan CohenAllan Cohen
Matt BehrMatt Behr
Dave BartoskiDave Bartoski
Watermelon Ripeness Watermelon Ripeness SensorSensor
Team #2 MembersTeam #2 Members::Jason FirkoJason Firko
Matt BehrMatt Behr
Allan CohenAllan Cohen
Dave BartowskiDave Bartowski
Customer:Customer: Ed Kee Ed Kee Advisor:Advisor: Dr. James Dr. James GlanceyGlancey
Mission:Mission: Develop a non-destructive method and apparatus for Develop a non-destructive method and apparatus for accurately determining the ripeness of watermelons.accurately determining the ripeness of watermelons.
Approach:Approach: Use customer wants to research and develop the most Use customer wants to research and develop the most useful solution to the problem of determining watermelon useful solution to the problem of determining watermelon ripeness. Develop a prototype and test it in an actual working ripeness. Develop a prototype and test it in an actual working enviroment. enviroment.
BackgroundBackground
Watermelon market is a large, worldwide marketWatermelon market is a large, worldwide market Grown on 5 ContinentsGrown on 5 Continents Grown in 90 countriesGrown in 90 countries Annual production 50 Billion lbs./yearAnnual production 50 Billion lbs./year 75% of the melons bought whole 75% of the melons bought whole Large domestic and international marketLarge domestic and international market
Problem with a long history - 1905 University of Georgia Problem with a long history - 1905 University of Georgia StudyStudy
There are currently no accurate non-destructive testing There are currently no accurate non-destructive testing methods availablemethods available
Design Concept ReviewDesign Concept Review
IntroductionIntroduction Concept GenerationConcept Generation
• Customers, Wants, Constraints, Customers, Wants, Constraints, Benchmarking, Target values, Concept Benchmarking, Target values, Concept generationgeneration
Concept SelectionConcept Selection• Evaluation against Metrics/Target Values, Evaluation against Metrics/Target Values,
Concept Development, Working ModelConcept Development, Working Model ScheduleSchedule
• Actuals, Schedule, BudgetActuals, Schedule, Budget
Customers & WantsCustomers & Wants
10 0.45 0.25 0.15 0.1 0.05Name Organization Rank 1st Want 2nd Want 3rd Want 4th Want 5th Want
Mr. Ed Kee Sponsor 10 Accurate Portable Durable Cheap FastJ ohn Hastings Farmer 8 Portable Accurate Durable Easy to Use Food QualityJ eff Wooden Farmer 8 Portable Accurate Durable Easy to Use FastMark Collins Farmer 8 Accurate Durable Portable Fast Food QualityMack Farms Broker 7 Accurate Fast Easy to Use Durable Food QualityOdanna MathewsGiant Foods 6 Accurate Cheap Easy to Use Food Quality DurableBill Roberts Acme 6 Accurate Cheap Food Quality Durable Easy to UseDavid Thorp FDA 6 Food Quality
USDA 6 Food QualityKaren Clark Produce Stand 6 Cheap Accurate Easy to Use Portable Food QualityJ oe Meloneater Consumer 3 Cheap Accurate Food Quality
Customers Top WantsCustomers Top Wants
1. Accuracy1. Accuracy 2. Portability2. Portability 3. Food Quality3. Food Quality 4. Cost4. Cost 5. Durable5. Durable
6. Easy to Use6. Easy to Use 7. Fast7. Fast 8. Versatility8. Versatility 9. Maintenance9. Maintenance 10. Service Life10. Service Life
ConstraintsConstraints
Maximum - $3000 BudgetMaximum - $3000 Budget Abide by all FDA RegulationsAbide by all FDA Regulations
Food QualityFood Quality Abide by all OSHA RegulationsAbide by all OSHA Regulations
Safety StandardsSafety Standards
Metrics/Target ValuesMetrics/Target Values
MetricsMetrics Provide a Means of Objective MeasurementProvide a Means of Objective Measurement Eliminate AmbiguityEliminate Ambiguity
Target ValuesTarget Values Derived From Customer Wants, Functional Derived From Customer Wants, Functional
Benchmarking, Continued Customer Benchmarking, Continued Customer DialogueDialogue
Contact Regulatory AgenciesContact Regulatory Agencies Listed With Related Wants (Ranked)Listed With Related Wants (Ranked)
Metrics & Related WantsMetrics & Related Wants
Accuracy/PortabilityAccuracy/Portability % Correct Ripeness Readings% Correct Ripeness Readings (95%)(95%)
% Error in Sugar Content % Error in Sugar Content ** **
(False Neg./False Pos.) Readings(False Neg./False Pos.) Readings (3)(3)
Weight Weight (51 lbs.)(51 lbs.)
Size (Dimensions)Size (Dimensions) (3’ Sides)(3’ Sides)
# People - Transport/Operation # People - Transport/Operation (1)(1)
Production CostProduction Cost [$700][$700]
Metrics (Cont’d)Metrics (Cont’d)
Durability/Ease of Use/SpeedDurability/Ease of Use/Speed Hours of Continuous OperationHours of Continuous Operation [12 hrs.)[12 hrs.)
Impact Resistance Impact Resistance (3 ft. (3 ft. Drop)Drop)
Time to TrainTime to Train [1 hr.][1 hr.]
Number of StepsNumber of Steps [5][5]
Level of Education RequiredLevel of Education Required [Grade 8)[Grade 8)
Time/CycleTime/Cycle [10 sec][10 sec]
Time per ShipmentTime per Shipment [2 hrs.][2 hrs.]
Metrics (Con’t)Metrics (Con’t)
Food Food Quality/ServiceLife/Versatility/MaintenanceQuality/ServiceLife/Versatility/Maintenance
Size of IntrusionSize of Intrusion (1mm)(1mm)
Bacteria IntroducedBacteria Introduced * * Visual Quality Inspection Rating Visual Quality Inspection Rating (1-10)(1-10)
Estimated Years of ServiceEstimated Years of Service (5 yrs.](5 yrs.]
# of Uses (melon types, sizes, etc.)# of Uses (melon types, sizes, etc.) (4)(4)
Cost/Cycle (parts, upkeep, etc)Cost/Cycle (parts, upkeep, etc) ($.001/cycle)($.001/cycle)
Initial Systems Initial Systems BenchmarkingBenchmarking
Current Methods Of Watermelon Current Methods Of Watermelon TestingTesting Traditional - Thumping, stem color, skin color, Traditional - Thumping, stem color, skin color,
other traditional methodsother traditional methods Destructive Testing - Sucrometer readings Destructive Testing - Sucrometer readings Near Infrared Testing - Experimental Near Infrared Testing - Experimental
technique of sensing sugar contenttechnique of sensing sugar content• Acoustic Testing - University of OklahomaAcoustic Testing - University of Oklahoma
Systems Benchmarking Systems Benchmarking Cont.Cont.
Related Procedures (Fruits and others)Related Procedures (Fruits and others)Thumping/ResonanceThumping/Resonance Tires, FruitsTires, FruitsAcoustic testing Acoustic testing Acoustic Emission Acoustic Emission
TestingTestingUltrasonic testing Ultrasonic testing Materials, Medical Materials, MedicalOptoelectrics Optoelectrics Apples ApplesIntrusive testing Intrusive testing Medical(Syringes) Medical(Syringes)Nuclear magnetic resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance Fruits, Fruits,
MedicalMedicalElectronic sniffingElectronic sniffing StrawberriesStrawberries
Concept Generation - Concept Generation - FrameworkFramework
Sensor is Critical Function/ElementSensor is Critical Function/Element Concept Generation Primarily Concept Generation Primarily
Deals With This Element Deals With This Element
Functional BenchmarkingFunctional Benchmarking
Acoustic/Impact Tests-Sound signature and Acoustic/Impact Tests-Sound signature and ResonanceResonance• Acoustic Sensors- microphones, AE sensorsAcoustic Sensors- microphones, AE sensors• Impact Devices- pendulums, hammers,spring loaded, Impact Devices- pendulums, hammers,spring loaded,
etc.etc.• Acoustic data acquisition devicesAcoustic data acquisition devices
Testing of Rind QualityTesting of Rind Quality• Accelerometers and related tracking devicesAccelerometers and related tracking devices
Resistivity TestingResistivity Testing• Available info. Of resistivity of biological materialsAvailable info. Of resistivity of biological materials• Probes, measuring devices, necessary equipmentProbes, measuring devices, necessary equipment
Details of the Critical Element
Functional Benchmarking Functional Benchmarking (Cont’d)(Cont’d)
Ultrasonic testingUltrasonic testing• Use on biological materialsUse on biological materials• Available MachinesAvailable Machines
Sizing DevicesSizing Devices• Oversized calipersOversized calipers• ScalesScales
Sampling devices and methodsSampling devices and methods• Syringes, automated sucrometersSyringes, automated sucrometers
Concept GenerationConcept Generation
ACOUSTIC RESONANCE ACOUSTIC RESONANCE ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIESPROPERTIES ULTRASOUNDULTRASOUND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC NUCLEAR MAGNETIC
RESONANCE (NMR)RESONANCE (NMR) SONIC TESTING - SONIC TESTING -
SINGLE FREQUENCYSINGLE FREQUENCY
SONIC TESTING - SONIC TESTING - WHITE NOISEWHITE NOISE
INFAREDINFARED ENERGY IMPACTENERGY IMPACT STRAIN GAUGESTRAIN GAUGE FLUID FLUID
EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION
Concept Concept Evaluation/SelectionEvaluation/Selection
ProcessProcess
Is this a viable solution?Is this a viable solution? Evaluate in terms of ranked metricsEvaluate in terms of ranked metrics Presentation - Time ConstraintsPresentation - Time Constraints
Method - Comparison with metrics(related Method - Comparison with metrics(related wants)wants) Strong in metricsStrong in metricsWeak in metricsWeak in metrics Notes on conceptNotes on concept
SSD and Testing results lead to selectionSSD and Testing results lead to selection
Concept EvaluationConcept Evaluation
Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceNuclear Magnetic Resonance Out of Budget - $60,000 - $1,000,000Out of Budget - $60,000 - $1,000,000
Sonic Testing- Single FrequencySonic Testing- Single FrequencyFood Quality, SpeedFood Quality, SpeedEasy to Use, Accuracy, Maintenance, Easy to Use, Accuracy, Maintenance,
CostCost Difficult to Use- Need Proper Difficult to Use- Need Proper
EnvironmentEnvironment
Concepts Evaluation Concepts Evaluation (Cont’d)(Cont’d)
Sonic Testing- White NoiseSonic Testing- White NoiseFood QualityFood QualitySpeed, Cost, Accuracy, Portability, Easy to UseSpeed, Cost, Accuracy, Portability, Easy to Use Need Controlled ConditionsNeed Controlled Conditions
InfraredInfraredAccuracy, Speed, Food QualityAccuracy, Speed, Food QualityExpensive(Cost & Maintenance], Easy, Expensive(Cost & Maintenance], Easy,
PortabilityPortability High Power, Auxillary Equiptment NeededHigh Power, Auxillary Equiptment Needed
Concept Evaluation Concept Evaluation (Cont’d)(Cont’d) Energy ImpactEnergy Impact
Quick, Easy, Food Quality, Portability, DurabilityQuick, Easy, Food Quality, Portability, Durability AccuracyAccuracy Related to External Properties, Not InternalRelated to External Properties, Not Internal
Strain GaugeStrain Gauge Portable, Food QualityPortable, Food Quality Easy to Use, Speed, AccuracyEasy to Use, Speed, Accuracy Related to Rind PropertiesRelated to Rind Properties
Fluid Extraction With SyringeFluid Extraction With Syringe Accuracy, Portability, Easy to UseAccuracy, Portability, Easy to Use Food Quality, MaintenanceFood Quality, Maintenance IntrusiveIntrusive
UltrasoundUltrasound
Testing - CCMTesting - CCM Catch 22Catch 22
High Frequency - Cannot Penetrate RindHigh Frequency - Cannot Penetrate Rind Low Frequency - Cannot Sense Density Low Frequency - Cannot Sense Density
ChangesChanges Other Problems - Air Pockets, SeedsOther Problems - Air Pockets, Seeds Food Quality, Service Life, VersatilityFood Quality, Service Life, Versatility Accuracy, Portability, Cost, SpeedAccuracy, Portability, Cost, Speed
Not a Viable Sensing MechanismNot a Viable Sensing Mechanism
Electrical Electrical Properties Properties
Resistance TestingResistance Testing RC Modeling RC Modeling Data Normalized For Physical Data Normalized For Physical
Parameters & Sugar ContentParameters & Sugar Content Portability, Cost, Maintenance, Service LifePortability, Cost, Maintenance, Service Life Accuracy, Food Quality, SpeedAccuracy, Food Quality, Speed
No Correlation Found - Not a Viable No Correlation Found - Not a Viable Sensing MechanismSensing Mechanism
Electric Electric Testing Testing
Steady State Voltage Difference vs. Sugar Content
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
8 9 10 11 12
% Sugar Content
Ste
ady
Sta
te V
olt
age
Dif
fere
nce
(m
V)
LC2-WC2
#7 - Charging
y = 19.28Ln(x) + 4132
y = 17.048Ln(x) + 3863.8
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
0 50 100 150
VA
VB
Log. (VA)
Log. (VB)
Acoustic Resonance Acoustic Resonance TestingTesting
Based on Traditional Based on Traditional MethodMethod
Acoustic Properties Acoustic Properties have been used to have been used to indicate ripenessindicate ripeness
Accuracy, Portability, Food Accuracy, Portability, Food Quality, Cost, Easy, FastQuality, Cost, Easy, Fast
MaintenanceMaintenance
Concept SelectionConcept Selection
Acoustic TestingAcoustic Testing• Scored Highest in SSD - Received 8.9 / 10.0Scored Highest in SSD - Received 8.9 / 10.0• Historical Basis - BenchmarkingHistorical Basis - Benchmarking
• Four main parts: Four main parts: Sensory, Data Acquisition, Sensory, Data Acquisition, Data Analysis, Display/InterfaceData Analysis, Display/Interface
• Focus on Sensory Portion of Design Focus on Sensory Portion of Design Development Development
Concept Selection - Concept Selection - MetricsMetrics
Want/MetricWant/Metric ValueValue Accuracy Accuracy >present>present PortabilityPortability 30lbs, 1 Person, 30lbs, 1 Person,
2’ sides2’ sides Cost Cost $950 $950 Speed Speed <10sec<10sec Food QualityFood Quality 0 Bacteria, Non-0 Bacteria, Non-
IntrusiveIntrusive # of Uses# of Uses Local VarietiesLocal Varieties
Concept Selection - Concept Selection - TestingTesting
• Performed Testing - 18 melonsPerformed Testing - 18 melons– All melons were in ripe range (8 - 12% sugar)All melons were in ripe range (8 - 12% sugar)
• Determined Repeatability and ReliabilityDetermined Repeatability and Reliability– Impact Height, Turning, Repeated TestingImpact Height, Turning, Repeated Testing
Concept Selection - Concept Selection - TestingTesting
ConclusionsConclusions Audible Signature Noticeable Audible Signature Noticeable No Negative DataNo Negative Data Need Further Testing - VarietyNeed Further Testing - Variety
Grow green melonsGrow green melons Possible Correlations - Possible Correlations -
Secondary SpikesSecondary Spikes Damping CharacteristicsDamping Characteristics
Working ModelWorking Model
Two Component Working ModelTwo Component Working Model (i) - Experimental Set up - Dr. Sun’s (i) - Experimental Set up - Dr. Sun’s
LabLab (ii) - Working Model(ii) - Working Model
Planned Schedule Planned Schedule Task Duration Start Date Finish Date
Continued Research, Consulting & Testing 27 days October 28, 1998 December 3, 1998Acoustic Testing and Collection of Data 4 days October 28, 1998 November 2, 1998Analysis of Acoustic Data 5 days November 3, 1998 November 9, 1998Electrical Properties Initial Tests 1 day October 28, 1998 October 28, 1998Electrical Properties Apparatus Setup 1 day October 28, 1998 October 28, 1998Electrical Properties Data Collection 4 days October 29, 1998 November 3, 1998Analysis of Elec. Prop. Data 4 days November 4, 1998 November 9, 1998Determine if Ultrasound is possible 3 days October 28, 1998 October 30, 1998Test Extractrion with Needle 1 day November 3, 1998 November 3, 1998Do Destructive Evaluation of All Melons 1 day November 4, 1998 November 4, 1998Corelate Data 5 days November 9, 1998 November 13, 1998Arrange for Another Shipment of Melons 1 day November 5, 1998 November 5, 1998Determine and Arrange for Other Testing 4 days November 5, 1998 November 10, 1998Perform Further Testing 4 days November 11, 1998 November 16, 1998Draw Conclusions From New Tests 3 days November 17, 1998 November 19, 1998Prepare for Preliminary Design Report 3 days November 20, 1998 November 24, 1998Finalize Ideas & Prepare for Presentation 7 days November 25, 1998 December 3, 1998
Actual ScheduleActual Schedule
Task Duration Start Date Finish DateContinued Research, Consulting & Testing 37 days October 28, 1998 December 3, 1998Determine design of Thumping Device 3 days October 28, 1998 October 30, 1998Construction of Thumping device 2 days October 31, 1998 November 1, 1998Testing of Thumper 1 day November 2, 1998 November 2, 1998Redesign,fix and test Thumper 4 days November 3, 1998 November 6, 1998Finalize Testing Proceedure 2 days November 8, 1998 November 9, 1998Reliability and Repeatability Testing 1 day November 12, 1998 November 12, 1998Final Acoustic Data Acquisition 1 day November 13, 1998 November 13, 1998Acoustic Data Analysis 3 days November 19, 1998 November 21, 1998
Electrical Properties Initial Tests 1 day October 28, 1998 October 28, 1998Determine Most Important Parameters 9 days October 29, 1998 November 6, 1998Finialize Testing Proceedure 2 days November 7, 1998 November 8, 1998Electrical Properties Data Acquisition 1 day November 18, 1998 November 18, 1998Analysis of Elec. Prop. Data 3 days November 19, 1998 November 21, 1998
Rule Out Ultra Sound as a Solution 3 days October 28, 1998 October 30, 1998Arrange for Another Shipment of Melons 1 day November 2, 1998 November 2, 1998Arrival of New Shipment (18 melons) 1 day November 12, 1998 November 12, 1998Destructive Analysis of Melons 1 day November 20, 1998 November 20, 1998Corelate Data 3 days November 19, 1998 November 21, 1998Prepare for Preliminary Design Report 6 days November 18, 1998 November 23, 1998Finalize Ideas & Prepare for Presentation 7 days November 27, 1998 December 3, 1998
Future Critical TasksFuture Critical Tasks
Continue iterative concept evaluation Develop further the data acquisition & analysis
• Determine if we Can use a PCI or ISA card for data acquisition tasks Order used laptop or microprocessor to perform our calculations Determine software or computer code / learn
Obtain a shipment of melons of varying ripeness Grow watermelons in greenhouse & Obtain shipment of melons
Perform further acoustic testing and refine correlation
Refine the thumping device through continued testing
Take a tour of the farm and working environment Attend the watermelon growers convention
Estimated BudgetEstimated Budget
Microphone $ 2.99 Microprocessor/Laptop $ 350.00 Analog To Digital Converter $ 300.00 Digital Scale $ 100.00 Linear measuring Device $ 50.00 Base Plate w/attachments $ 40.00 Adjustable Thumper $ 20.00 Adjustable Microphone Mount $ 10.00 Testing/Analysis Hours 120 Hrs120 Hrs.. Testing Materials $700.00 Machine Shop Hours 40 Hrs. Total cost for Initial Concept Prototype$ 872.99
Conclusion - Project StatusConclusion - Project Status
Refinement of Refinement of Wants/Benchmarking/MetricsWants/Benchmarking/Metrics
Concept GenerationConcept Generation Testing and EvaluationTesting and Evaluation
Physical TestingPhysical Testing MetricsMetrics
Concept Selection/ DesignConcept Selection/ Design Working ModelWorking Model Future Activities - ScheduledFuture Activities - Scheduled
Project GoalProject Goal
Satisfied Satisfied Customers!Customers!