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W.A.T.T.
World Association of Technology Teachers
On behalf of The World Association of Technology Teachers
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MORAL, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
MORAL, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
REMOTE MANUFACTURE
LOSS OF JOBSAT HOME
WORKERS ABROADPOORLY PAID
UNEMPLOYMENT
POVERTY AT HOME
CLIMATE CHANGE
SUSTAINABILITY
ECONOMICRESPONSIBILITY
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
SIX Rs
UPCYCLING
DOWN CYCLING
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ANALYSIS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
LEGISTRATION
TRAINING
EDUCATION
BIODEGRADABLE PACKAGING
REDUCING CONSUMPTION
ETHICAL ADVERTISING
RENEWABLE ENERGY
ENERGY PRODUCTIONEFFICIENCY AND USE
WIND
SOLAR
SEA POWER
WATER POWER
MATERIALS ECONOMY
PRODUCT DISASSEMBLY
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
TRUE / FALSE FACTS
PRODUCT IMAGE
THE MEDIA
POOR HOUSING CONDITIONS
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS
PERCEIVED OBSOLESCENCE
PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE
OBSOLESENCE
PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONAL / REGIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
FASHION
PERSONAL IMAGE
TRENDS
FAIR TRADE
REDUCEREUSEREFUSERETHINKREPAIRRECYCLE
TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION
PROMOTING OVER CONSUMPTION
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
CUSTOMER INFORMED DECISION MAKING
CULTURAL IMPACT
RESPONSIBLE MATERIALS SELECTION
DESIGNERS RESPONSIBILITY
MANUFACTURERS RESPONSIBILITY
LOW POWEREDELECTRICAL DEVICES
THE HOME
RECHARGEABLEPRODUCTS
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
GLOBAL WARMING
ACID RAIN
POLLUTION
THE SEA / OCEANS
OVER FISHING
POLLUTION
FRESH WATER
POLITICS OF WATER
WATER EXPLOITATION
FLOODINGDROUGHT
INDUSTRIAL USE
DESTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEMS
DEFORESTATION
MINING
POOR FARMING METHODS
DECLINE IN WILDLIFE DIVERSITY
STAFF TRAININGAND SKILLS UPDATING
SOCIAL UNREST HOME INSULATION
SMART METERS
BIOFUELS
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
NUCLEAR POWER?
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
LOCAL POLLUTION/ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
SAFETY AND WELLBEING
GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONALGOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
TAXPOLICY
ENVIRONMENTALPOLICY
AND
PETROL / DIESELCARS
PLANNING CONSENT
LOW PAY
HYBRID / ELECTRICCARS
SUSTAINABLEHOUSING
TARIFFS AND CUSTOMS TAX
EDUCATION POLICY
LIFE AND WORKSKILLS
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
CULTURAL AWARENESS
UPDATING SKILLS
INFRASTRUCTUREPROGRAMMES
for exampleRAILWAYS or ROADS
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BRITISH STANDARDSINSTITUTE
BSI
EUROPEAN LAW ANDSAFETY REGULATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL MODERNISM
SOCIAL HOUSING
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EDUCATION POLICYLIFE AND WORK SKILLS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS CULTURAL AWARENESS
Governments have a moral and political responsibility to provide an
education for it’s citizens. This starts at an early age and can extend through an individuals entire life. Education should ensure that each citizen is prepared for a product life in social
and economic terms. An education system should provide
the workers and evaluative consumers of the future, with all the necessary
skills. An education should ensure that each citizen is capable of making
independent moral judgements based on an understanding of freedom and
democracy.
A good education system should educate it’s citizens about the
environment - local, national and international.
It requires developing an understanding of the need to
balancing of the demands of industry and housing against a whole range of
environmental issues.An education system should also
teach about the Law in relation to the environment, and what is lawful and
unlawful. Also, the systems in place to allow proper informed debate at both local and national and international
level.
EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION POLICY
We live in a free and democratic society, that is also multicultural. A
good education system teaches and promotes an understanding of
different cultures. The diversity of cultures in our society strengthens
our society.In the business and industrial world,
an understanding of different cultures is a necessity. Knowledge of all
potential target markets, helps trade and commerce and minimises potential misunderstandings,
between different countries / belief systems.
EDUCATION POLICYLIFE AND WORK SKILLS
EXAMPLES
A student may have an interest in becoming an engineer. The
education system has a moral duty to provide that student with the skills
and knowledge in school, that allows him/her to progress to a
suitable course, when going into Further Education (POST 16).
During his / her school years, a student should develop the
necessary skills to enable him / her to evaluate products, so that when
making a purchase, the right decision is made.
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESSEXAMPLES
A good example is the debate over ‘fracking’, the process whereby
gasses are released from the rocks beneath our feet, using chemicals and pressure. Environmentalists claim that
great damage is the result and industrialist deny that environmental
damage occurs and that the gas released will be used for industry and
homes, in our country.
A good education should enable individuals to form a view, through
informed debate.
EDUCATION POLICYCULTURAL AWARENESS
EXAMPLES
EDUCATION POLICY
COLOURS: Global trade means that companies / manufacturers, need to
understand that colours are interpreted in different ways in
different cultures. Colours acceptable in one country, may be seen as
unacceptable in another. In China, ‘red’ is associated with good luck.
Elsewhere in the world, red is used to represent danger, for example on
road signs. Religion and belief systems are a very
sensitive area, that must be understood, when trading throughout the world, to avoid insulting the target
market.
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ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITYSTAFF TRAINING AND SKILLS UPDATING
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITYTAX
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITYSAFETY AND WELL-BEING
A company / business investing at home or abroad has a moral
responsibility to improve the working lives of it’s employees, through
training and the upgrading of their skills. Training and updating employee
skills also benefits the employer / business.
Sometimes economic responsibility includes setting up schools and
educational facilities. This improves the lives of the employees and their
children.Workers receive pay and a proportion is spent locally, improving the lives of
local people.
When a business moves it’s manufacturing abroad, the jobs and skills go with it. Major decisions like
this, are often determined by cost. If it is cheaper to manufacture abroad, then a business will probably move
abroad.WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THIS?
Scenario - a company cuts costs by not buying safety clothing and
equipment for it’s employees. The company expects each employee to supply his/her own safety clothing /
equipment. WHAT DO YOU THINK?
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITYSTAFF TRAINING AND SKILLS UPDATING
EXAMPLES
Businesses have a moral and legal duty to pay tax to the Government. In
the past, some businesses have sought ways of minimising the tax
they pay. It should be remembered, that tax is used by the Government, to
pay for the hospitals, schools, the police and infrastructure programmes
such as roads and railways. Some companies have actively tried to reduce their tax bills, by claiming
that their profits flow through another country, with lower taxes. It has been
known for businesses to relocate, moving their businesses to another country, in order to pay lower taxes.
Companies and businesses have a moral and legal duty to ensure safe
working environments and to provide safety training.
Companies have a moral and ‘sometimes’ a legal duty to limit the number of hours and days that their
employees work.Business should ensure their
employees have adequate breaks, holidays and canteen facilities. Companies should ensure a
management system exists, whereby their employees can discuss work
related problems and potential grievances.
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITYTAX
EXAMPLES
A successful internet business avoids paying tax legally, in a country where
it makes money, by setting up it’s headquarters in another country that
has very low tax.WHAT DO YOU THINK?
A successful company employs a ‘smart’ accountant to work out ways of avoiding paying tax. The accountant employs solicitors, with the sole aim of finding ‘loop holes’ in the tax law.
Again the aim is to minimise or avoid tax.
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITYSAFETY AND WELL-BEING
EXAMPLES
A company moves it’s manufacturing to a country where workers are paid
very little and they have to work extremely long hours in a factory, to
keep their jobs. This dramatically increases profits.
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
A company that has relocated it’s manufacturing to a developing country, does not listen to it’s
employees when they claim that their working conditions are appalling.
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
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ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY PRODUCTIONTHE HOME RENEWABLE? TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION
The production of energy through fossil fuels, often results in pollution
and damage to the environment. As individuals, in our homes we have a responsibility to reduce our energy consumption. Using a smart meter is
a simple way of monitoring the amount of energy we use, allowing us identify the devices that consume a lot
of energy.Proper insulation of wall cavities and the loft, can reduce the energy we
use, by keeping heat inside the house.
Using rechargeable products means we do not have to constantly buy
batteries.
Renewable energy such as wind power and solar power, generate electricity that is currently, a little
more expensive than energy produced by burning fossil fuels.
However, companies have a moral responsibility to purchase energy
from renewable sources. Volvo cars claim that a large proportion of the energy used in the manufacture of
their cars, is produced by renewable sources. This reduces damage to the
environment. Volvo and other manufacturing companies use this approach to manufacturing in their
advertising.
Transporting raw materials around the world, processing raw materials and transporting manufactured products, uses immense amounts of fuel and causes pollution and damage to the
environment.Environmentally friendly companies try to source raw materials close to their factories, when it is possible.
This reduces their use of energy and reduces their carbon footprint.Some companies use electric vehicles or those powered by
biofuels. Hydrogen powered vehicles are also in use. These types of
vehicles produce no or little localised pollution.
ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY PRODUCTIONTHE HOMEEXAMPLES
RENEWABLE?EXAMPLES
TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTIONEXAMPLES
What are the most energy consuming electrical devices in your home? You
may need to research using the internet.
Do you think using rechargeable batteries, is better than just replacing
depleted batteries with new ones?DISCUSS
How often do you recharge your electrical / electronic devices? Over a period of a week, keep a record and
discuss your findings in class.
Research ‘alternative energy’, using the internet.
Write one sentence which answers the following question:
WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY?
Is it important that large manufacturing companies use
alternative energy to supplement their overall energy consumption?
DISCUSS
Sketch a logo / symbol that could represent alternative energy, such as wind power. SHOW THE REST OF
THE GROUP AND EXPLAIN.
What is meant by the term, ‘Carbon Footprint’?
WRITE A SENTENCE to explain the term. DISCUSS IN PAIRS.
Research electric vehicles or hydrogen powered vehicles.
WHAT ARE THEY?
Why are city authorities considering restricting the access of petrol and
diesel vehicles, to their city centres?RESEARCH AND DISCUSS.
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WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
DROUGHTS AND FLOODS
CLIMATE CHANGEPOLLUTION
CLIMATE CHANGEGREENHOUSE EFFECT / GLOBAL WARMING
‘Climate Change’, is a term that is often mentioned on the News and in
discussions and debates, on the environment.
Its is believed that the worlds climate is changing due to human activities.
Our industrial methods, deforestation, our ever growing need to increase
food production, the world’s population explosion, our reliance
and desire for more and better manufactured products, our reliance on fossil fuels, cheap international
travel by jet plane, the global economy - all this is said to be
changing the world’s climate. We are all to blame.
Pollution is created in a variety of ways, but industrial processes and our transport system are blamed for
the majority.Power stations powered by fossil
fuels, such as coal and oil emit large amounts of pollution and they have
been directly linked to acid rain. This is rain that is contaminated with the pollutant sulphur, which combines
with the rain to form a mild acid. Over time, the acid rain destroys forests
and the bio-diversity of rivers.Petrol and diesel cars are also
blamed for pollution.Pollution is linked to poor health and
even deaths.
One consequence of pollution and CO2 emissions is global warming.
Scientist have proved that the overall average temperature of the world is
rising. This is causing climate changes and the rise in sea level.
A well publicised consequence of global warming is increased flooding and droughts. Even in the UK, recent
flooding has been blamed on the changing climate.
Floods and droughts in poorer countries often lead to famine.
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?SCENARIO
You own a company that manufactures products that require lots of energy and materials, during their manufacture and use over their
lifetime.WHAT ARE CARBON CREDITS AND COULD YOUR COMPANY
USE THEM?
How would PLANTING TREES help reduce your companies impact on the
environment?
How could your company REDUCE the amount of energy it uses?
CLIMATE CHANGEPOLLUTIONSCENARIO
You are the CEO of a manufacturing company. You have the choice of purchasing energy from a energy
company that uses fossil fuel or one that used alternative energy sources.
WHAT CHOICE WOULD YOU MAKE? WHY?
When you buy a car for yourself or your company, will it be petrol / diesel
powered, a hybrid, an electric car, hydrogen powered or powered by
biofuels?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
DROUGHTS AND FLOODS
SCENARIO
CLIMATE CHANGEGREENHOUSE EFFECT / GLOBAL WARMING
Your manufacturing company makes a popular electronic device. Recently sales have been falling, due to your customers preferring to buy similar
products, from companies that try to protect the environment.
What CHANGES could you make to the manufacture, procurement of raw
materials AND transport and distribution of your product, to attract
back environmentally aware customers?
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RESPONSIBLE MATERIALS SELECTION
MATERIALS SELECTION SIX Rs LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
Once manufacturers did not consider as being important, where their
materials came from and how they were extracted from the earth.
Manufacturing was all about profit. It has now been shown, that selecting materials responsibly (sustainable
materials/ using recycled materials) can provide the necessary profits and
also protect the environment.Customers have a significant role to
play, as it is often pressure from environmentally aware customers,
that drives changes in the way products are manufactured.
REDUCE - reduce the materials we use in manufacturing and at home.
REUSE - reuse materials rather than throwing them away.
REFUSE - do not buy or use a product, if it is not environmentallysustainable or it is not necessary.
RETHINK - consider how productsare made, so that they are sustainable. Rethink your lifestyle i.e. walk instead
of driving a car, for a short journey.
REPAIR - design products so thatthey are repairable.
RECYCLE - design products so that they can be disassembled/recycled
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS (LCA) - The designer / manufacturer plans
every stage of making the product and it’s use by the customer, so that
damage to the environment is as low as possible. A written Life Cycle
Assessment is produced, as part of the design process.
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ANALYSIS, is a method of analysing the way
energy is used in the manufacture of a product and throughout it’s useful
lifetime. This includes the pollution / environmental damage caused
through the use of energy and the product’s carbon footprint. The aim is
to reduce energy consumption.
RESPONSIBLE MATERIALS SELECTION - SCENARIO
MATERIALS SELECTION SIX Rs LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
You are a manufacturer of a popular product. Your customers are
becoming environmentally aware. How can you ensure that your
company sources materials that are sustainable? The key terms are:
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND RECYCLED / RECLAIMED
MATERIALS
As a potential customer, how can you PRESSURISE manufacturers to use
sustainable materials?
Select two of the following Six Rs and explain why you think designers and manufacturers, must adopt them as their philosophy / moral position.
REDUCEREUSE
REFUSERETHINKREPAIR
RECYCLE
This is when a designer / manufacturer plans every stage of
making a product, so that the product is as environmentally friendly as
possible.Including, using recycled materials
and renewable energy during manufacturing.
QUESTION: Research Volvo Cars and explain how they have
considered Life Cycle Analysis. OR research another company and explain their use of Life Cycle
Analysis.
QUESTION
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MINING AND FARMINGENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Raw materials come from the earth, either by mining, drilling or the
vegetation on its surface.Manufacturers once ignored the
resulting environmental damage. Due to consumer pressure, manufacturers today, usually act more responsibly.
The damage caused by the extraction of raw materials is often corrected, for
instance when the mining ends.As the world’s population rises, more pressure is placed on the land, for the production of food. This has resulted
in thousands of square miles of deforestation, to make way for farms.
All at the expense of bio-diversity.
THE DECLINE OF BIO DIVERSITYENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
As deforestation accelerates, as our seas and oceans become more polluted with chemicals, effluent,
plastic and PCBs, the bio-diversirty of world declines.
What is bio-diverity?This is the variety and range of life on
earth, in all it’s forms.We all have a responsibility to protect bio-diversity, through being selective about the products we purchase and
by putting consumer pressure on manufacturers, to protect of the
environment.FACT, many medicines and
treatments have been developed through the study of our bio-diversity.
WATER EXPLOITATIONENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Fresh water (rivers, lakes, springs) is possibly the world’s most valuable
resource. Pollution and irresponsible use, puts the supply at risk. Some countries, extract more fresh water
from rivers flowing through their country than the should do, leaving
less for other countries through which rivers flow. Rivers are regularly
polluted by industrial waste.Our seas and oceans are over fished, putting many species at risk of serious
depletion and even extinction. Discarded plastics often end up in the seas, killing fish and damaging other
life forms.
MINING AND FARMINGSCENARIOS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSTHE DECLINE OF BIO DIVERSITY
QUESTION
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSWATER EXPLOITATION
POLLUTION BY PLASTIC
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
How can manufacturers be more responsible about the raw materials
they use? KEY WORDS:
RECYCLED / RECLAIMED / REUSE / REPAIRABLE
PRODUCTS. ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE REPAIRED.
Genetically modified crops may provide a solution to food shortages.
HOW / EXPLAIN? ARE THEY SAFE?
The world’s bio-diversity is in serious decline. How can manufacturers alter the way they behave / manufacture / procure materials / select materials,
to help reverse this situation.
KEY WORDS:SUSTAINABILITY
BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALSRESPONSIBLE
MANUFACTURING PROCESSESSIX Rs
RESPOND TO CUSTOMER PRESSURE
The world’s oceans are polluted by plastic debris, including plastic bags,
containers, components, bottles, etc...
IMAGINE YOU ARE A MANUFACTURER, HOW CAN YOU ENSURE YOUR PLASTIC
PRODUCTS/COMPONENTS DO NOT END UP IN THE SEA?
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CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
THE MATERIALS ECONOMY THROW AWAY SOCIETY
This is a system that starts with the extraction of raw materials from the ground and their processing into usable materials. This is followed by the materials being used to manufacture p r o d u c t s i n f a c t o r i e s ( c a l l e d production). The next two stages are the distribution of products to retail outlets or direct to the consumer (consumption). The last stage, at the end of the products useful life, is disposal. This elementary way of describing the Materials Economy, reveals a simple but important flaw with the system. It is unsustainable.
EXTRACTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION
CONSUMPTION DISPOSAL We are all to blame for the ‘Throw Away Society’ we live in. We buy
products, use them and often simply throw them away. We can reduce the amount of products we use. Also, as
potential customers, we can put pressure on manufacturers to
produced repairable products or ones that can be dismantled easily and
recycled. This will reduce damage to our natural environment.
‘Conspicuous consumption’, is the purchase of products for the purpose of public display. For example, buying
an up to date mobile phone for fashion purposes, when we could
simple continue to use our old one.
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONAL / REGIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
Companies have the moral responsibility to reduce waste by
making their production lines energy efficient and using sustainable
materials. This often conflicts with their aim to sell more and more of
their products.
Governments and organisations such as the EEC, have a responsibility to create Laws and Regulations, that
force manufacturers to become more environmentally friendly. This often conflicts with Government efforts to
secure jobs for their citizens.
THE MATERIALS ECONOMY
What is wrong with the Materials Economy?
WRITE TWO SENTENCES.
What could the Material Economy be replaced with?
KEY PHRASES:Closed Loop System.
Sustainability.Biodegradable materials.Reducing consumption.
QUESTIONS CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTIONGROUP DISCUSSION
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
Have you recently bought a product because it is the most up to date
version?
WHAT PRODUCT?
Would your existing /previous version have been good enough?
WHY / WHY NOT?
HOW COULD YOU PERSUADE PEOPLE THAT CONSPICUOUS
CONSUMPTION IS BAD?
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITYWORKING IN PAIRS
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
How can a company make it’s production line more efficient?
KEY PHRASES:REDUCE ENERGY
CONSUMPTIONINVEST IN NEW TECHNOLOGY
USE RECYCLED MATERIALS
Using the internet as a research tool, describe a Law or Regulation, that aims to protect the environment, through reducing consumption /
waste.Consider - RECYCLING
REGULATIONS
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TRAINING - EDUCATION - UPDATING SKILLS
HEALTH AND SAFETYLAWS AND REGULATIONS
The UK has strong Health and Safety Laws / Regulations, to ensure the safety of employees. This extends
from the production line and manufacturing, to the office, schools,
hospitals, care homes and other establishments. Employers are
responsible for their employees safety and well-being and also visitors to
their establishments.
Health and Safety is not a priority in some countries. Some workers have very little legal protection and long working hours. This is attractive to
some manufacturers, aiming to keep production costs as low as possible.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Employers have a moral and economic responsibility to train their workers properly, to educate them with new skills and to update existing skills.
MORAL RESPONSIBILITY - To allow their employees access to all
opportunities to make progress in their working lives.
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY - To ensure that their company can
compete with other companies and continue to make a profit. Without an
investment in it’s employees, a company will not have continued
success. Called Continue Improvement (CI).
CONFORMITE EUROPEAN SYMBOL
Stamped on products tested to the minimum standard set by the EEC.
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE KITE MARK
Can be stamped on products tested to high British standards.
TRAINING - EDUCATION - UPDATING SKILLS
HEALTH AND SAFETYLAWS AND REGULATIONS
QUESTIONS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
CONFORMITE EUROPEAN SYMBOL
What does this mean?
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE KITE MARK
What does this mean?
Employees have every right to expect that they will be safe at work.By researching, NAME AND
DESCRIBE a Health and Safety Law / Regulation, that protects employees.
Why do you think it is morally right, for employers to pay their workers a fair
wage / salary for their work? DISCUSS
If you set up a factory in distant country, how would you check that
working conditions were safe?DISCUSS
If you owned a company manufacturing a hi-tech product, what
type of training would you make available?
KEY WORDS:COURSES - HEALTH AND
SAFETY - NEW TECHNOLOGY - CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
In a short paragraph, explain what is meant by Continuous Improvement
(CI).Why are these systems for checking safety important?
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ETHICAL ADVERTISING
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY
THE MEDIA
This is advertising that does not present an untrue or misleading image to a potential customer. It is advertising
that does not promote false claims about a product or service.
Manufacturers and media companies have a moral and legal duty, to present
a true and accurate picture / description of their product.
The media has both a duty and moral obligation, to promote sustainability as one way of deciding upon the purchase of a product. Unfortunately, advertising often concentrates on image promoting
perceived obsolescence.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESOF PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE
Planned Obsolescence is bad for the environment. If the ‘life cycle’ of a
product is short, it may need replacing or repairing frequently. Manufacturing replacement parts, requires materials and energy, using the world’s limited natural resources and damaging the
environment.If obsolete products are difficult to
recycle, they tend to be ‘dumped’ in landfills. This harms and pollutes the
land. Also, recycling has a cost, in terms of energy, labour and time.
Although this is better than dumping parts, it should be the last resort and carried out at the end of a products
long life cycle.
WHAT IS PERCEIVED OBSOLESCENCE?
This is when a customer decides to upgrade a product, because the one he / she owns, is considered out of date,
even though it still works.Manufacturers try to persuade potential
customers to update / upgrade an existing product. This is often carried
out through advertisements, that imply the customers ‘existing’ product is old
fashioned.Central to ‘perceived obsolescence’, is the customer’s perception of himself /
herself. Manufacturers try through advertising, to ‘plant’ the need for the potential customer to upgrade to the new product, so that their personal
image is ‘enhanced’.
ETHICAL ADVERTISINGQUESTION AND SENARIO
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY
THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESOF PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE
WHAT IS PERCEIVED OBSOLESCENCE?
Research the internet for an example of an ethical advertisement.
DISCUSS
If you owned a successful manufacturingcompany, would you
advertise ethically?EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
Imagine you are a manufacturer of a successful electronic product, would you advertise your product as long lasting OR seek to encourage your
customer to buy an updated version?
If you designed a product that works for decades, without the need to replace or update, would you be tempted to ‘build in’ a couple of weaknesses, so that customers
eventually need to buy a new one?
DISCUSS IN PAIRSResearch the internet for examples of planned obsolescence. Collect an image of a product that had built in
obsolescence.
PRESENT YOUR PRODUCTTO THE CLASS
Have you ever bought a product, such as a mobile phone, because you thought it may enhance your image,
with your friends?
DESCRIBE THIS TO THE CLASS
What do you think of professional football teams that introduce a new kit
every season?
Why do they play in a new kit design every season?
Why do they have home and away kits?
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GOVERNMENT RESPOSIBILITYNATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
National Governments set the standard with regards to moral, ethical
and environmental issues. Through their Parliaments, Governments pass
Laws that encourage good environmental and ethical standards. Business, Environmental and Health and Safety Laws are drawn upon at a
National level.
Local Government / Authorities have the power to influence environmental
issues, e.g. restricting petrol and diesel car access to city and town centres. They can allow or stop building through their planning
committees.
GOVERNMENT RESPOSIBILITYTAX LAWS
The Government can encourage or discourage different types of activities.
For example, the Government can introduce new taxes, or raise and lower taxes on fuel, which could
encourage environmentally friendly modes of transport.
Business taxes can be used to encourage certain types of businesses to flourish, whilst making it difficult for
other businesses. ‘Green’ energy production and usage, can be
encouraged by lowering taxes on these types of alternative.
Fines can be introduced as a penalty, for manufacturers who fail to prevent
pollution in their locality.
GOVERNMENT RESPOSIBILITYINFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAMMES
The Government determine major infrastructure programmes. A good example of this is the HS2 Railway system, being proposed in the UK.
This is an extensive high speed system involving an investment of billions of pounds of tax payers money. These large building schemes have a major
impact on the environment and employment. Many thousands of
businesses will benefit and many will not.
It is the job of the Government to ensure fair decision making, that
benefits the country and it’s citizens and industry / businesses.
GOVERNMENT RESPOSIBILITYNATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Research Environmental Law and Regulations.
DESCRIBE ONE LAW / REGULATION
HOW DOES THE LAW / REGULATION PROTECT THE
ENVIRONMENT?
If a new housing estate was proposed next to where you live, blocking your view of the countryside, how would
you feel?If the new estate was for Social
Housing (low rents for those who are most in need or struggling with their housing costs), how would you feel?
GOVERNMENT RESPOSIBILITYTAX LAWS
QUESTION AND DISCUSSION
Do you think that diesel and petrol cars should be restricted in city
centres?EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
Green Energy, such as wind power, is more expensive to produce than
energy from fossil fuels.
WOULD YOU SUBSIDISE GREEN ENERGY BY GIVING TAX
INCENTIVES / REBATES TO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SUPPLIERS? DISCUSS.
GOVERNMENT RESPOSIBILITYINFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAMMES
QUESTIONS ANDDISCUSSION
Governments can offer incentives to manufacturers to set up factories in
their country.WHAT INDUSTRIES /
MANUFACTURERS, SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO SET UP IN THIS
COUNTRY?
WHAT FINANCIAL INCENTIVES WOULD YOU GIVE THEM?
ARE THERE ANY INDUSTRIES / MANUFACTURERS THAT YOU
THINK SHOULD BE DISCOURAGED?
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MORAL, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
REMOTE MANUFACTURE
LOSS OF JOBSAT HOME
WORKERS ABROADPOORLY PAID
UNEMPLOYMENT
POVERTY AT HOME
CLIMATE CHANGE
SUSTAINABILITY
ECONOMICRESPONSIBILITY
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
SIX Rs
UPCYCLING
DOWN CYCLING
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ANALYSIS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
LEGISTRATION
TRAINING
EDUCATION
BIODEGRADABLE PACKAGING
REDUCING CONSUMPTION
ETHICAL ADVERTISING
RENEWABLE ENERGY
ENERGY PRODUCTIONEFFICIENCY AND USE
WIND
SOLAR
SEA POWER
WATER POWER
MATERIALS ECONOMY
PRODUCT DISASSEMBLY
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
TRUE / FALSE FACTS
PRODUCT IMAGE
THE MEDIA
POOR HOUSING CONDITIONS
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS
PERCEIVED OBSOLESCENCE
PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE
OBSOLESENCE
PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONAL / REGIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
FASHION
PERSONAL IMAGE
TRENDS
FAIR TRADE
REDUCEREUSEREFUSERETHINKREPAIRRECYCLE
TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION
PROMOTING OVER CONSUMPTION
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
CUSTOMER INFORMED DECISION MAKING
CULTURAL IMPACT
RESPONSIBLE MATERIALS SELECTION
DESIGNERS RESPONSIBILITY
MANUFACTURERS RESPONSIBILITY
LOW POWEREDELECTRICAL DEVICES
THE HOME
RECHARGEABLEPRODUCTS
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
GLOBAL WARMING
ACID RAIN
POLLUTION
THE SEA / OCEANS
OVER FISHING
POLLUTION
FRESH WATER
POLITICS OF WATER
WATER EXPLOITATION
FLOODINGDROUGHT
INDUSTRIAL USE
DESTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEMS
DEFORESTATION
MINING
POOR FARMING METHODS
DECLINE IN WILDLIFE DIVERSITY
STAFF TRAININGAND SKILLS UPDATING
SOCIAL UNREST HOME INSULATION
SMART METERS
BIOFUELS
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
NUCLEAR POWER?
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
LOCAL POLLUTION/ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
SAFETY AND WELLBEING
GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONALGOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
TAXPOLICY
ENVIRONMENTALPOLICY
AND
PETROL / DIESELCARS
PLANNING CONSENT
LOW PAY
HYBRID / ELECTRICCARS
SUSTAINABLEHOUSING
TARIFFS AND CUSTOMS TAX
EDUCATION POLICY
LIFE AND WORKSKILLS
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
CULTURAL AWARENESS
UPDATING SKILLS
INFRASTRUCTUREPROGRAMMES
for exampleRAILWAYS or ROADS
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BRITISH STANDARDSINSTITUTE
BSI
EUROPEAN LAW ANDSAFETY REGULATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL MODERNISM
SOCIAL HOUSING
PLACE YOURDISCUSSIONCARDS HERE
DISCUSSION MAPINSTRUCTIONSTake a Summary Facts Card and it’s associated Exercise /
Question Card and place them in the centre of the Discussion Map. As a group, read through both cards and discuss them.
One person should keep notes, recording thoughts, ideas and
suggestions.
MORAL, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
REMOTE MANUFACTURE
LOSS OF JOBSAT HOME
WORKERS ABROADPOORLY PAID
UNEMPLOYMENT
POVERTY AT HOME
CLIMATE CHANGE
SUSTAINABILITY
ECONOMICRESPONSIBILITY
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
SIX Rs
UPCYCLING
DOWN CYCLING
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ANALYSIS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
LEGISTRATION
TRAINING
EDUCATION
BIODEGRADABLE PACKAGING
REDUCING CONSUMPTION
ETHICAL ADVERTISING
RENEWABLE ENERGY
ENERGY PRODUCTIONEFFICIENCY AND USE
WIND
SOLAR
SEA POWER
WATER POWER
MATERIALS ECONOMY
PRODUCT DISASSEMBLY
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
TRUE / FALSE FACTS
PRODUCT IMAGE
THE MEDIA
POOR HOUSING CONDITIONS
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS
PERCEIVED OBSOLESCENCE
PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE
OBSOLESENCE
PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONAL / REGIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
FASHION
PERSONAL IMAGE
TRENDS
FAIR TRADE
REDUCEREUSEREFUSERETHINKREPAIRRECYCLE
TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION
PROMOTING OVER CONSUMPTION
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
CUSTOMER INFORMED DECISION MAKING
CULTURAL IMPACT
RESPONSIBLE MATERIALS SELECTION
DESIGNERS RESPONSIBILITY
MANUFACTURERS RESPONSIBILITY
LOW POWEREDELECTRICAL DEVICES
THE HOME
RECHARGEABLEPRODUCTS
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
GLOBAL WARMING
ACID RAIN
POLLUTION
THE SEA / OCEANS
OVER FISHING
POLLUTION
FRESH WATER
POLITICS OF WATER
WATER EXPLOITATION
FLOODINGDROUGHT
INDUSTRIAL USE
DESTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEMS
DEFORESTATION
MINING
POOR FARMING METHODS
DECLINE IN WILDLIFE DIVERSITY
STAFF TRAININGAND SKILLS UPDATING
SOCIAL UNREST HOME INSULATION
SMART METERS
BIOFUELS
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
NUCLEAR POWER?
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
LOCAL POLLUTION/ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
SAFETY AND WELLBEING
GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY
NATIONALGOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
TAXPOLICY
ENVIRONMENTALPOLICY
AND
PETROL / DIESELCARS
PLANNING CONSENT
LOW PAY
HYBRID / ELECTRICCARS
SUSTAINABLEHOUSING
TARIFFS AND CUSTOMS TAX
EDUCATION POLICY
LIFE AND WORKSKILLS
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
CULTURAL AWARENESS
UPDATING SKILLS
INFRASTRUCTUREPROGRAMMES
for exampleRAILWAYS or ROADS
www.technologystudent.com © 2017https://www.facebook.com/groups/254963448192823/WORLD ASSOCIATION OF TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS V.Ryan © 2017
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BRITISH STANDARDSINSTITUTE
BSI
EUROPEAN LAW ANDSAFETY REGULATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL MODERNISM
SOCIAL HOUSING
PLACE YOURDISCUSSIONCARDS HERE
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
We are all to blame for the ‘Throw Away Society’ we live in. We buy
products, use them and often simply throw them away. We can reduce the amount of products we use. Also, as
potential customers, we can put pressure on manufacturers to
produced repairable products or ones that can be dismantled easily and
recycled. This will reduce damage to our natural environment.
‘Conspicuous consumption’, is the purchase of products for the purpose of public display. For example, buying
an up to date mobile phone for fashion purposes, when we could
simple continue to use our old one.
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTIONGROUP DISCUSSION
THROW AWAY SOCIETY
Have you recently bought a product because it is the most up to date
version?
WHAT PRODUCT?
Would your existing /previous version have been good enough?
WHY / WHY NOT?
HOW COULD YOU PERSUADE PEOPLE THAT CONSPICUOUS
CONSUMPTION IS BAD?
DISCUSSION MAPINSTRUCTIONSTake a Summary Facts Card and it’s associated Exercise /
Question Card and place them in the centre of the Discussion Map. As a group, read through both cards and discuss them.
One person should keep notes, recording thoughts, ideas and
suggestions.