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Chapter 10. Waves. Chapter 10 –Waves. Wave – a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place Medium – material that the wave travels in Water wave – water Sound wave – solid, liquid, or gas (air) Mechanical waves – waves that require a medium to travel through - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CHAPTERCHAPTER 1010

Chapter 10 –WavesWave – a disturbance that transfers energy

from place to placeMedium – material that the wave travels in

Water wave – waterSound wave – solid, liquid, or gas (air)

Mechanical waves – waves that require a medium to travel through

The medium does not travel along with the wave.Water moves up and down while the wave moves

past.

Vibration – repeated back and forth or up and down motion that can create waves.

Transverse wave – a wave that has crests and troughsExample: a water wave

Longitudinal wave – a wave that has compressions and rarefactionsExample: a sound wave

Amplitude – height of wave

Wavelength (ג) – distance between two corresponding parts of a wave (crest to crest)

Frequency – is the number of waves made each second.Frequency is also the number of waves that

pass a given point each second.1 wave/sec = 1 hertz (Hz)Speed = wavelength (frequency)

SpeedFrequency =

Wavelength

Speed Wavelength =

Frequency

Example problem: The speed of a wave on a guitar string is 100 m/s and the frequency is 1,000 Hz. What is the wavelength of the wave?

Interactions of wavesReflection – waves can bounce off an object (like

light off a mirror).The angle of incidence – the angle between the

wave and an imaginary line. The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection.

Mirror

Light

the normalthe normal

Refraction – When light moves from one medium into another it changes speed which causes it to bend.As the wave slows down it is bent towards the

normal.As the wave speeds up it is bent away from the

normal.

Light ray Air

Water

Diffraction – when a wave passes a barrier or moves through a hole in a barrier it bends and spreads out.

Waves

Waves can add or cancel

Constructive interference – adding of wavesDestructive interference – canceling of

wavesStanding waves- when a reflected wave

adds to an incoming wave just right a “stationary” wave is produced.

Nodes – stationary points of standing wavesAntinodes – crests and troughs of a standing

wavemost objects have a natural frequency of

vibration called Resonance.Resonance -when the vibration passing

through the object matches the object’s natural vibration.

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