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Waves Chapter 14

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Waves. Chapter 14. Waves rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Medium material through which a wave transfers energy solid, liquid, gas, or combination electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light). Speed of Sound. Depends on : Type of medium - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WavesChapter 14

Wavesrhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space

Mediummaterial through which a wave transfers energy

solid, liquid, gas, or combinationelectromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light)

Speed of SoundDepends on:

Type of mediumtravels better through liquids & solids

can’t travel through a vacuum

Temperature of mediumtravels faster at higher temps

WavesTwo Types:

Longitudinal Transverse

Transverse WavesTransverse Wavesmedium moves perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

Transverse WavesWave Anatomy

crests

troughs

Transverse WavesWave Anatomy

wavelength

Transverse WavesWave Anatomy

nodes

Transverse WavesWave Anatomy

amplitude

corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave

Longitudinal WavesLongitudinal Waves (aka compression)medium moves in the same direction as wave motion

Longitudinal WavesWave Anatomy

rarefaction

compression

wavelength

Amount of compression corresponds to amount of energy AMPLITUDE.

Measuring WavesFrequency ( f )

# of waves passing a point in 1 second

Hertz (Hz)

shorter wavelength higher frequency higher energy

1 second

Measuring WavesVelocity ( v )

speed of a wave as it moves forwarddepends on wave type and medium

v = × f v: velocity (m/s)

: wavelength (m)

f: frequency (Hz)

WORK:v = × f

v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz)

v = 1.92 m/s

Measuring WavesEX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its

wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz.

GIVEN:

v = ?

= 3.2 m

f = 0.60 Hz

Electromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic Radiation

transverse waves produced by the motion of electrically charged particles

does not require a mediumspeed in a vacuum = 300,000 km/s

electric and magnetic components are perpendicular

Electromagnetic Spectrum

long

low f

low energy

short

high f

high energy

Types of EM RadiationRadiowaves

lowest energy EM radiation

Types of EM RadiationRadiowaves

FM - frequency modulation AM - amplitude modulation

Microwavespenetrate food and vibrate

water & fat molecules to produce thermal energy

Types of EM Radiation

Infrared Radiation (IR)slightly lower energy than visible light

can raise the thermal energy of objects

thermogram - image made by detecting IR radiation

Types of EM RadiationVisible Lightsmall part of spectrum we can see

ROY G. BIV - colors in order of increasing energy

R O Y G. B I V

red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

Types of EM RadiationUltraviolet Radiation (UV)slightly higher energy than visible light

Types:UVA - tanning, wrinkles

UVB - sunburn, cancer

UVC - most harmful,

sterilization

Types of EM RadiationUltraviolet Radiation (UV)

Ozone layer depletion = UV exposure!

Types of EM RadiationGamma rays

highest energy EM radiation

emitted by radioactive atoms

used to kill cancerous cells

Radiation treatment using radioactive cobalt-60.

Types of EM Radiation

X rayshigher energy than UV

can penetrate soft tissue, but not bones

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