Wavesof

Educational TechnologyTime-Line

By Charlotte Haughwout

Evolution of Educational Technology in

Society, Education, and the WorkplaceEduc-7100

Toffler’s Three WavesAgricultural Wave (8000 BC- 1750 AD)

In this wave all aspects of life were centered around the land.

Industrial Wave (1750- 1955)During the Industrial Wave, there was a

shift of focus from the land to the cities and the invention of industry.

Information Wave (1955-1990)This wave saw the invention of the computer.

Communication Wave (1990-present)The Internet has become a way of life in

helping people communicate and function on a global level.

1900

Technology• George Canfield Blickensderfer invents typewriter• Photostat machine invented

Business and Corporate Development• McGraw-Hill Company was founded• Mead Pulp and Paper Company was formed

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Edward Thorndike- Connectionist Theory• John Dewey- Experiential Education

Nature of Society and Culture• The start of the Progressive Movement• High rate of Immigration

The Arts• Art Nouveau Movement• Fauvism

1910

Technology• The achievement of the “Millionaire” calculator• Kinetophone is synchronized with sound to motion picture

Business and Corporate Development• The Edison Company• The Ford Motor Company develops first moving assembly line

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Maria Montessori Method• William Kilpatrick’s Project-Based Method

Nature of Society and Culture• United States enters World War I• Radio programming becomes popular.

The Arts• Norman Rockwell painted his first cover for the Saturday Evening Post• Georgia O’Keefe begins painting her abstract forms

1920

Technology• 1923 Victor Cine Projector• First working mechanical television system

Business and Corporate Development• Refrigerants are synthesized for Frigidaire• AT & T develops the frequency multiplexing concept

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• John B. Watson- school of Behaviorism• Helen Parkhurst- Dalton Plan differentiation of assignments for different

ability levels

Nature of Society and Culture• The 19th Amendment was ratified• Prohibition was in full swing

The Arts• The Surrealism Movement began• Art Deco Movement began in the late 20’s.

1930

Technology• The first photocopier was invented• Development of the radar

Business and Corporate Development• Route 66 is completed and opened• DuPont discovers Nylon

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Kurt Lewin- social psychology• Henry Clinton Morrison-sequence of units

Nature of Society and Culture• The Great Depression• FDR’s New Deal

The Arts• The government organized the Public Works of Art project• Depression-era Regionalism

1940

Technology• The first computer was developed• Nuclear Weapons

Business and Corporate Development• Bell Labs introduces informational theory• Kerr-McGee drills world’s first commercial oil well in Gulf of Mexico

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Clark Hull- reinforcement theory of learning• Edwin Guthrie- contiguity theory

Nature of Society and Culture• World War II• Hollywood produced dozens of classical films

The Arts• Abstract Expressionism• Andrew Wyeth’s most popular work “Christina’s World” was created.

1950Technology• The first computer modem was developed to transmit for No. American

air defense• Microchip developed

Business and Corporate Development• American Electric Power Company interconnects a seven state grid• Texas Instrument introduces the transistor radio

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• B.F. Skinner- Operant Conditioning• Albert Bandura- Reciprocal determinism- the world and a person’s

behavior cause each otherNature of Society and Culture• Rock N Roll era begins• Baby Boom era

The Arts• Pop Art emerges in the late 50’s• The Rebel Painters of the 50’s

1960Technology• First successful minicomputer was launched by Digital Equipment Corp.• First handheld calculator invented

Business and Corporate Development• GE introduces first self-cleaning oven• Highway Safety Act is established

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• B.F. Skinner- Programmed Instruction• F.S. Keller- Personalized System of Instruction

Nature of Society and Culture• Assassination of President John F. Kennedy• Vietnam War

The Arts• Artists moved toward a Futuristic style of art form• The emergence of Environmental Art

1970

Technology• The beginning of the Personal Computer• The invention of LCDs

Business and Corporate Development• AT&T introduces common channel interoffice signaling• US Military uses fiber optics

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Allan Paivio- Dual-Code Model which gives equal weight to verbal and

non-verbal processing• Robert Gagne- task-skill hierarchies

Nature of Society and Culture• OPEC Oil Crisis• Another growth in women’s rights with the invention of the pill.

The Arts• Photorealism – creating a painting from a photograph• There was an influence of the women’s movement in art.

1980

Technology• The Internet becomes more widely used with the TCP/IP networking protocol• Macintosh launches its Apple computer

Business and Corporate Development• IBM begins the start of the computer age with the birth of their PC• Large buyouts and mergers take place along with a new breed of billionaires.

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Piaget’s Cognitive Theory• Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Nature of Society and Culture• The collapse of the Cold War• Spaceship Columbia travels to space

The Arts• The 80s was an era of diversity and aesthetic contention• Abstract painting grew subversive

1990

Technology• The World Wide Web • Genetic engineering

Business and Corporate Development• Northrop Grumman develops B 52 bomber• Apple releases the Personal digital assistant (PDA)

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• Outcome-based education- student-centered learning• Constructivism

Nature of Society and Culture• The Gulf War• Oklahoma City Federal Building and World Trade Center is bombed.

The Arts• Toyism• Massurrealism

2000

Technology• Global Positioning System (GPS)• iPhone

Business and Corporate Development• Massive growth of cell phone users• Human Genome Project

Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction• No Child Left Behind Act• 21st century learning theory- Connectivism

Nature of Society and Culture• Mass communication globally through the use of the Internet • War on Terrorism

The Arts• Film and video art• Digital art