wcdma rnp&rno conspectus

8/11/2019 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus

1/77

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential

WCDMA RNP&RNO

Concept


2/77


3/77

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 2

WCDMA RNP Overview

WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning

WCDMA Nominal Planning

WCDMA Final Design

WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures


4/77


RNP Definition

According to deployment and evolution requirements, as well as cost-effectiveness

consideration, generate the amount of Network Elements (NE), NE configuration, and

Transmission design between different NE.

Network Planning Scope

Core networkfocus on CN element dimension and configuration.

Radio networkfocus on RAN element dimension and configuration

Transmission network

focus on link dimension and

configuration between network elements.RNS

RNCRNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iu Iu

Iur

Iub IubIub Iub

Definition & Scope


5/77


WCDMA network planning solution

WCDMA Radio network planning (NodeB/RNC)

WCDMA Transmission network planning (Iu/Iur/Iub)

WCDMA Core network planning (CS/PS domain)

WCDMA RNP tools development

U-NetHuawei

Network KPI

Pilot pollution

Soft-handover ratio and probability

Access probability of

different services

Best Server Distribution

CE dimension

Estimation result


6/77


Objectives of network planning

The RF Design of wireless system revolves four

main principles. These principles are Coverage,

Capacity, Quality and Cost. And further, adapt to

the future network development and expansion.


7/77HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 6 6

Planning issues Planning should meet current standards and demands and also comply with future

requirements.

Uncertainty of future traffic growth and service needs.

High bit rate services require knowledge of coverage and capacity enhancementsmethods.

Real constraints

Coexistence and co-operation of 2G and 3G for old operators.

Environmental constraints for new operators.

Network planning depends not only on the coverage but also on load.

Objectives of Radio network planning

Capacity:

To support the subscriber traffic with sufficiently low blocking and delay.

Coverage:

To obtain the ability of the network ensure the availability of the service in the entire

service area. Quality:

Linking the capacity and the coverage and still provide the required QoS.

Costs:

To enable an economical network implementation when the service is established and acontrolled network expansion during the life cycle of the network.


8/77


Realize 11 frequency reuseThe capacity per WCDMA cell is soft for

it is related to environment and neighbor

cell interference.

Supports multiple services with differentspeed rate and QoS, and each service

has different coverage range.

Adopts cellular network structure andfrequency planning to guarantee

intra/inter-frequency interference

Users supported can be calculated from

carriers and timeslots if the interference

meets the requirements.

Provides voice service

Difference between WCDMA and GSM

GSM WCDMA

64K 12.2K144K384K


9/77


WCDMA RNP procedure overview

Capacity

Quality Coverage

Interference

Final design

preparation

Dimensioning Nominal Planning

Site survey

Deployment

Detailed planning& pre-optimization

Preliminary design


10/77


WCDMA RNP Overview


WCDMA Preliminary Design

WCDMA Cell Planning

CONTENTS


11/77


Input & Output

Coverage related

Coverage area

Coverage probability

Capacity related

Traffic model

Service model

User density

Quality related

QoS requirements

GoS requirements

Demodulation

threshold

System

dimensioning

Number of sites

System configuration

Sector structure

Number of carriers

Cost on network

construction

Site cost

Equipment cost

Input Output

Coverage design

Capacity design


12/77


13/77


Output from Huawei RND


14/77


Receiver Sensitivity

PDCH_Max

Minimum Required Signal Strength

EiRP

PUE_Max

Slow Fading Margin

Penetration Loss

TX RX

Duplexer

Antenna

UE

PL_DL

PL_UL

Body Loss

Interference Margin

Fast Fading Margin

Margin for Background

Noise

TX RX

Duplexer

Cable

Antenna

Node B

Interference Margin

Fast Fading Margin

Margin for Background

Noise

Soft HandoverArea

SHO Gain

WCDMA Link Budget


15/77


Network Dimension flow chart

DU ??km^2

U ?? km^2SU ??km^2

RA ??km^2HW ??km

Geographical information

DU km2

U km2

SU km2RA km2

HW km2

Adjust

UL loading

Downwards

UL cell range

with specific

UL loading

Service-specific Information

Service Type, Proportion

Service Density

Service Forecast

DL Loading

in specific

circumstancesCell Range

Y (Capacity-limited)

COST231-HATA,...

Applicable Propagation Model

COST231-HATA, ...

If the upper limit

of configuration

be reached

Large than

Less than (Coverage-limited)

Shrink the Cell

Cell Loading vs.

Maximum Allowable Value

N

Add the amount of configuration

(sectorization, carriers,...)

Equal to

SiteConfiguration

Cell Range

Number of Site


16/77

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential 15 15

Capacity & Coverage Trade Off

The coverage for a WCDMA system is generally limited by the uplink. This is because the

maximum output power of the mobile is lower than for the base station, so the base station can

reach longer than the mobile can.

Capacity is generally limited by the downlink. This is because better receiver techniques can be

used in the base station than in the mobile. Since most forecasts predict an asymmetric load

where the users download data to a larger extent than sending, the downlink will be most

important from a capacity point of view.

Capacity and coverage is closely related in a WCDMA system. When traffic increases, the levelof interference in the system increases. To compensate for this, the mobile has to increase its

output power in order to defeat the increased noise, or in already at max power, make the

connection closer to the base station.

Due to the increase of traffic, the effective cell area has shrunk. This behavior is known as cell

breathing. In an FDMA or TDMA-system this problem does not arise, since coverage and

capacity is largely independent.

To reduce cell breathing interference margins are included when dimensioning the network,

which has the effect of increasing site density.


17/77


Coverage Limited Uplink

Capacity limited scenario

In this case the system load is higher than the initial value used to compute the cell range.

This means that either the cell capacity must be increased or the cell size decreased. The

first option is to increase the cell capacity by adding additional carriers or PA. If the

system loading remains above the maximum permitted level then the cell range must be

reduced such that there are fewer users loading the cell. A reduction in cell range is made

and the system load re-calculated until the actual system load matches the maximumpermitted system load. This then defines the final cell range

Coverage limited scenario

In this case the system load is lower than the initial value used to compute the cell range.

This means that the rise in interference floor used in the link budget calculation was to

pessimistic. To achieve a match between the actual system load and that value in the link

budget, the complete process is repeated with a lower value of permitted system load.

This will lead to a lower increase in interference floor, a greater cell range and thus more

users in each cell and a higher actual system load.


18/77


Coverage Limited UplinkUsing a propagation model like for example Okumura-Hata, it is possible to convert a change

of the interference level into a changed site density, compared to a reference case.

Table below shows the change in number of sites if the interference margin in the link budgetis changed. A negative dB value means that the link budget is worse compared to the

reference case, and thus more sites are needed.


19/77


Relation of Uplink and Downlink Load

Downlink load is always higher

than uplink load due to:

asymmetry in user traffic

different Eb/No values in

uplink and downlink

orthogonality in downlink

overhead due to soft-

handover

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50

UL Load [%]

DL

Load[%]

Increasing

asymmetry


20/77


WCDMA RNP Overview



WCDMA Final Design

CONTENTS


21/77


Nominal Planning

Based on the result of network dimension, preliminary design

present Information of theoretical sites including following :

Site coordinates.

Engineering parameters such as Antenna height, azimuths and tilts.

Radio parameters such as scrambling code ,transmit power of different

channels, etc.


22/77


Preliminary design flow chart

Radio

Network

Dimensioning

Dimensioning

Report

Contract

Initial sites

choosing

System

simulation

Target

Size

Phase No.

Available sites

information

Site adjustment?

Y

N

Bidding

Document

Sites importingPropagation

model

Nominal planning report

(Including: search ring and

Theoretical site specification)


23/77


About simulation

Unlike GSM network, in CDMA coverage and capacity are too inter-related to

be predicted accurately, so we introduced Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate

the performance of a radio network.

EcEc/Iopilot pollution distribution

Soft (softer) handover area analysis

UE transmit power

Eb/No, access successful rate of each service

Monte Carlo is a static simulation

During Monte Carlo simulation, the performance of the network is analyzed over various

instances in time (snapshot), where UEs are in statistically determined places with the

given traffic model. The ability of each terminal to make its connection to the network is

calculated through an iterative process.

WCDMA simulation


24/77


Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions(Services)

PerformanceRequirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&Scrambling code

allocation

RNP Input &

Equipment

configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Outputparameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic modelSimulation flow-chart


25/77


Simulation output

Simulation output

Pilot coverage (Ec, Ec/Io) in the targetareas

Best server plot

Coverage probability distribution of eachservice

Access failure distribution and statistic ofeach service

Continuous coverage areas of eachservice

Cell load distribution of downlink anduplink

Pilot pollution distribution

Soft handover areas statistic of each

service


26/77


27/77


WCDMA RNP Overview



WCDMA Final Design

CONTENTS

Fi l D i fl h t


28/77


Final Design flow-chart

Site list

Radio network

preliminary plan

report

New site or not2G site or not

Output SearchRings

Identifytheoreticalsite

Confirm site

conditions

or not

Site survey report

Meet site

requirements

or not

Yes

Site survey

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Noise test Noise test report

Based on the preliminary design report,

we conduct more detailed cell planning.


29/77


For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in this phase through

following steps:

Define search areas

Site ranking

Identify candidate sites

Site acquisition

Site Survey

A suitable physical site

Give adequate radio coverage.

Have connectivity into the transmission network.

Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community.

Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.

A3rd

D1st

C2ndB- Unsuitable


30/77


Site Survey report

The surveyor will prepare a report listing the options, and

following items will included in the report:

Accurate grid reference.

Accurate height of structures or available antenna windows.

Photographs of the site.

360 panoramic photos from site or if obstructed from nearby

location/structure.

From site survey report, RNP engineers can derive

appropriate site location, antenna type,height, azimuth, down tilt, etc.


31/77


Verification by system simulation

It is an iterative process to

verify the final design untilall the requirements are

fulfilled

Coverage prediction

RNP

Planningresults

Are

Requirement

s Fulfilled?

Traffic distribution System simulation

WCDMA RNP output


32/77


WCDMA RNP output

LAC, RAC, SAC Plan

Neighbor relation plan (intra-frequency, inter-

frequency, and inter-system) Frequency plan

Scrambling code plan

Power allocation for each channel

Handover parameters

Access control parameters

Other radio parameters

After performance verification by simulation, we produce with more detailed contents. In order to guide the project

implementation, the report should also include following items


33/77


Main Topics WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures

WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures


34/77



Brief Introduction

Single Site Verification

Radio Frequency Optimization

Parameters Optimization

Regular Testing & KPI Analysis


35/77


To enhance network performance

--- e.g. coverage/accessibility/mobility

To resolve specific issues

--- e.g. interference/coverage

To improve subscribers QoE

--- e.g. service quality/drop calls

To enhance network stability

--- e.g. traffic increase/upgrade

Network Optimization Target


36/77


WCDMA Optimization Overview

Pre-Launch Optimization ( L1-Optimisation)

- Initial step to fine tune and optimise WCDMA network based on L1 (Physical layer) when

network have low load. (or unload)

- Optimisation is mainly based on drive test measurement and aim to verify and improve

on coverage design ( CPICH EcNo, CPICH RSCP), SC planning, neighbour planning

and parameter settings related to call setup ,call drop and mobility performance

- To ensure on the readiness of network before launch, optimiser also need to verify on

hardware stability ,system capacity (enough to handle the forecast load) and QOS of all

services.

Post-Launch Optimization

- Further step to optimise network when there is an actual load ( RT and NRT).

- Optimisation is based on both traffic statistic and drive test measurement. There will be

more parameters tuning e.g. load control, admission control , package scheduler and

also mobility management.

O ti i ti th h t Lif C l


37/77


Construc t ion phase

TroubleshootingBooming phase

Potential Seeking

Mature phase

Balancing

Time

Subs.Number

RF plan review

Single site verification

Pre-launch optimization

KPI analysis ComplaintsDT & CQT

Customized and

differentiated

services

Billing strategies

Drop call

Congestion

Poor quality

Access failure

RF adjustment

Para. adjustment

Maintenance and upgrade

Network expansion

.

Investment

Return

Commercia l

launch

Optimization throughout Life Cycle


38/77


Network Optimization Phases

RF optimization

Y

N

NY

Single site verification

80sites in the

cluster ready?

Service test and

parameter optimization

Routine drive test andstats. analysis

Acceptance criteria

satisfied?

New site integrated

Optimization

preparation

Acceptance

N t k O ti i ti Ph


39/77


Network Optimization Phases Single site verification

To verify the functionality of new sites

--- e.g. site installation, basic functions of the cell

RF optimization

To control interference & pilot pollution

To optimize coverage & 3G neighbor lists

Services test & para. optimization

To evaluate network performance

To optimize network parameters

Regular route testing & stats. analysis

To monitor & evaluate network performance

To identify & solve new network issues

--- e.g. issues caused by traffic increase


40/77


Brief Introduction







41/77


Site Verification Target To verify cell coverage

CPICH RSCP

To investigate interference

NodeB RTWP & CPICH Ec/Io

To verify site installation

e.g. PA/antenna/feeders issues

To check service function

CS call & PS attach/detach


42/77


Site Verification Items

Cell basic information confirm

Item: frequency, SC, LAC/RAC

Tool: engineering UE

Purpose: basic parameters check

Cell coverage verification

Item: CPICH RSCP

Tool: engineering UE or scanner

Purpose: identify equipment issues

--- e.g. PA, antenna, feeder connection, etc


43/77


Site Verification Items Cell interference investigation

Item: NodeB RTWP, CPICH Ec/Io

Tool: NodeB LMT, engineering UE or scanner

Purpose: UL/DL interference investigation

Service function verification

Item: voice (MO/MT), VP (MO/MT)

PS attach/detach, PDP activation

Tool: engineering UE

Purpose: CS/PS service function check


44/77

WCDMA RNO P i i l d P d


45/77


Brief Introduction






RF O ti i ti T t


46/77


RF Optimization Target

To optimize coverage

To minimize pilot pollution

To optimize cell dominance

To optimize neighbor cell list

To resolve RF-related drop calls

RF O ti i ti P d


47/77


RF Optimization ProcedureDrive test

Identify RF issues

Identify candidate

cells for changes

Identify nature of

required changes

Determine amount

of changes

Implement changes

Repeat drive test

Finished

N

Problem resolved?

Y

P CPICH M t R f


48/77


P-CPICH as Measurement Reference

Received Signal Code Power (in dBm)CPICH RSCP

received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band(in dB)CPICH Ec/No

received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise

generated in the receiverUTRA carrier

RSSI

CPICH Ec/No =CPICH RSCP

UTRA carrier RSSI

CPICH Ec/No

0: -24

1: -23.5

2: -23

3: -22.5...

47: -0.5

48: 0

Ec/No values in dB

CPICH RSCP

0: -115

1: -114

2: -113

:88: -27

89: -26

RSCP values in dBm

UTRA carrier RSSI

0: -110

1: -109

2: -108

:71: -39

72: -38

73: -37

RSSI values in dBm

Optimization Overview Block A


49/77


Optimization-Overview Block A

Optimization-Overview


50/77


Optimization Overview

Optimization Overview Block A


51/77


Optimization-Overview Block A


52/77

Poor Coverage: Example


53/77


Poor Coverage: Example

Optimization Overview Block B


54/77


Optimization-Overview Block B

Optimization Overview Block C


55/77


Optimization-Overview Block C


56/77

Poor Cell Dominance: Example


57/77


Poor Cell Dominance: Example

Pilot Pollution Minimization


58/77


Pilot Pollution Minimization

-62-64

-66-68 -69

-81

-90

-85

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6

RSCP(dBm)

Active Set Pilot Pollution

Margin

Not

Pilot Pollution

Ways to optimize:

(1) Antenna adjustment

(e.g. azimuth or down tilt)

(2) Pilot power

optimization

SHO candidates (A)

Active set size (B)

If A>B, pilot pollution exists

Pilot pollution definition:Pilot pollution will result in:

(1) low signal quality(2) decreased system capacity

(3) Call drops easier

Pilot Pollution: Example


59/77


Pilot Pollution: Example

Summary Of Solutions


60/77


Summary Of Solutions

Down-tilting of interfering cells antenna, whichgenerate pilot pollution

Change CPICH Tx Power: Increase servingcells Tx power but decrease interfering cells Txpower

Change antenna bearing angles of cellsinvolved in pilot pollution

Decrease antenna height of interfering cells andincrease antenna height of victim cell withadequate tilting angle

Change antenna patterns of cells involved in

pilot pollution. Smaller gains for interfering cellsand higher gain for victim cell

Up-tilting of serving cells antenna to extendcoverage radius and to improve unsatisfiedcoverage area

Increase CPICH Tx Power of serving cell

Change Antenna Bearing Angle: Focus themain beam of antenna to coverage holes andlow RSCP area

Increase serving cells antenna height to gethigher effective antenna gain but there is risk tomake undesirable inter-cell interference toadjacent cells

Change Antenna Pattern: Displace with highergain antenna with adequate antenna tilting.

Tuning methods forCoverage Problem Area

Tuning methods forDominance Problem AreaHigh Priority

RF Parameters Optimization


61/77


RF Parameters Optimization

Engineering parameters adjustment

To adjust antenna down tilt

To adjust antenna azimuth

To adjust antenna location

To adjust antenna height

To replace antenna

To replace site

To add new cell

Radio part parameters adjustment To optimize neighbor cell list

Neighbor Cell List Optimization


62/77


Neighbor Cell List Optimization

Data collection: drive test

Data comparison: scanner, UE

Verify from Mapinfo or Nastar

How to optimize?

How to optimize neighbor cell List?

(1)Compare coverage difference b/w

Scanner and UE

(2) Add missing neighbor cells

(3) Remove useless neighbor cells

Neighbor list classification:

Intra-freq. neighbor cell list

Inter-freq. neighbor cell list

Inter-RAT neighbor cell list

Neighbor cell list influences:

(1) Service Handover (drop call)(2) Cell Reselection

Drive test (service test):

Drop calls during moving

RF-related Drop Calls


63/77


p

Poor coverage

High interference

Poor UL coverage

Poor dominance

Pilot pollution

Missing neighbors

Problems

Fast change of RF condi t ions usu al ly

caus es drop cal ls, e.g. turn ing a co rner.

Poor RSCP & Ec/Io

Poor Ec/Io or RTWP

UE max Tx power

many SHO events

many cells present

Appearance


64/77


Brief Introduction






Para Optimization Target


65/77


Para. Optimization Target

To reduce access failures

To reduce drop calls

To enhance service quality

Para. optim ization

is an impo rtant step

after RF optim ization

Service qual i ty and network resou rces

uti l ization w il l be impro ved after para.

opt imizat ion

Parameters to be Optimized


66/77


Parameters to be Optimized

CCCH power allocation para.

RL maximum power para.

Cell re-selection para.

Intra-freq. handover para.

Inter-RAT handover para.

Power control para.

Access power para.

Other related para.

The influence caused by the cell

parameters adjustment shouldbe analyzed carefully.

Seldom adjusted

An effective way toreduce drop calls

WCDMA RNO P i i l d P d


67/77


Brief Introduction







68/77

R ti St t A l i T t


69/77


Routine Stats. Analysis Target

To benchmark network performance

To monitor traffic volumes & patterns

To assess impact of parameter changes

To identify poorly performing cells

To provide triggers for network upgrade

decisions

Key Performance Indicators KPI


70/77


Key Performance Indicators, KPI KPIs are a set of selected indicators which are used for measuring the current network

performance and trends.

KPIs highlight the key factors of network monitoring and warn in time of potential

problems. KPIs are also used to prioritise the corrective actions.

KPIs can be defined for circuit switched and packet switched traffic separately and be

measured by field measurement systems and M2000

An example set of KPIs

RRC Setup Complete Ratio

RAB Setup Complete Ratio

RAB Active Complete Ratio

Call Setup Success Ratio

Call Drop Rate

Softer/Soft Handover Fail Ratio

KPI Analysis: RRC Connection setup SR


71/77


KPI Analysis: RRC Connection setup SR

Main reason s for fai led RRC connect ion setups :

(1) poor co verage; (2) low FACH power

KPI Analysis: CS RAB setup SR


72/77


KPI Analysis: CS RAB setup SR

Poss ible reasons fo r RAB Setup fai lures:

(1) poor cov erage; (2) no enough resour ce

KPI Analysis: CS Drop Calls


73/77


KPI Analysis: CS Drop Calls

Typical reason s for d rop cal ls:

(1) poor co verage (e.g . SRB/TRB reset);

(2) Stron g UL /DL in terference

(3) Insuff ic ient handover area

KPI Analysis: Inter-RAT HO SR


74/77


a ys s e O S

Data disc repancies between 3G netwo rk and 2G

netwo rk have direct im pact o n inter-RAT HO SR.

e.g. BSIC wro ng

conf igured

in 3G network

Professional Optimization Tools


75/77


MSC/SSP/VLR

HLR/AC

GMSC/SSP

PSTNPLMNISDN

iManagerTMM2000

GENEXNastar

GENEXAssistant

GENEXProbe

CN

Node B

Node B

Node B

RNC

RNC

Node B

Node B

Node BRNS

RNS

GENEX Probe

AGILENT

QUALCOMM

HUAWEI RNC

p

Performance/alarms

/configurations/

engineering para.Capture test data

AnalysisResult

sharing

RAN autoconfigurationconsole

Summary


76/77


y

UMTS NetworkOpt imizat ion

To provide a more competitive

network for OperatorTo provide better quality of

experience for Subscribers

Trade-off between optimized

coverage, capacity, quality

Ongoing optimization acrossnetwork life cycle


77/77

Thank youwww.huawei.com

wcdma rnp&rno conspectus

Documents