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Disparities inWealth and
Development
Disparitiescont’d.
Populations intransition
Patterns inEnvironmental
Quality
Populationscont’d.
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Define LEDCs and NIC
• LEDC: Lower economically developed country
• NIC: Newly industrialized country
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Define the Human
Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy,
education, and income indices to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
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Through which factors, apart from the HDI, can the development of a
country be measured?
• Infant mortality rate• Gender related development
index• Gender empowerment
measure• Education Index
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What are the expectations in
developing countries’ population growth?
1.9 billion in 2000to 3.9 billion in 2030
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How many people die every year because of hunger and hunger-related diseases?
Up to 10 million
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Define GNI
Gross National Income comprises the
total value of goods and servicesproduced within a
country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with its
income received from other countries (notably interest and
dividends), less similar payments made to other countries.
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What is the dependency
theory ?
Countries become more dependent upon becoming more powerful; frequently
happens to colonial powers as a result of interaction
and “development”
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What is the World Systems
Analysis ?
World Systems Analysis describes a way of looking at economic, social and political
development. It treats the world as a single unit.
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What are the three main characteristics of
the capitalist world system, according to
Wallenstein
• A global market• Many countries, allowing
for political and economic competition
• Three tiers of countries
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Which are the most
intolerable urban housing
conditions?
• Insecurity of tenure• Lack of basic services, especially water and
sanitation• Inadequate and sometimes unsafe buildings
• Overcrowding• Location of fragile, dangerous or polluted
land-land that no one else wants
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Define Crude Birth Rate and
Migration
• The crude birth rate is the number of births per 1,000
people per year.• Migration describes the act
of moving to another location permanently.
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What are causes of high
birth rates ?
• Parents want children• For labor• To look after them in high age• To continue the family name• For prestige• To replace children that died• As contributors to family income
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What are population
pyramids used for ?
• Tell us a great deal about the age and sex structure of a population
• Tell us about population growth• Help planners determine future needs for
services and facilities(Schools,hospitals, etc.)
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What are some advantages of an
ageing population ?
• May have skills and training, some employers prefer older workers
• Can look after grandchildren, allowing parents to work
• Elderly are important market in grey economy in rich countries
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What positive effects do migrants usually
cause ?
• Help create jobs• Good supply of labour• Some economies could not
function without foreign workers
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Define global warming
An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that
causes climatic changes)
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Define greenhouse
effect
The greenhouse effect causes the atmosphere to trap more
heat energy at the Earth's surface and within the
atmosphere by absorbing and re-emitting longwave energy.
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What are two methods of tackling soil degradation
Mechanical windbreaks and vegetation cover
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What does “water stress”
describe ?
There is water stress if the per capita supply of
water is lower than 1,700 cubic metres per
year.
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What is the difference of
economical and physical water
scarcity ?
Physical water scarcity describes the absence of sufficient water supply. It can also be a man-made problem.
Economical water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in water or by insufficient human capacity to satisfy
demand.
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Define refugee
A person who is outside of their country of origin
after suffering persecution.
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Suggest why life expectancy has
decreased in many African countries
while having increased in the
Middle East.
• HIV/AIDS epidemic has caused a large increase in mortality
• Better healthcare system in Middle East
• Infrastructure(School, housing)• Contraception
• Resources (Water, Food, Elictricity)• Income through jobs
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What does MENA stand for ?
Middle East and North Africa
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How many migrants are around the
world
86 million economically active migrants
21 % moved from developing to developed
countries
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What are some push factors for refugees ?
• Intolerance between parts of society
• Environmental deterioriation• State persecution• Natural disasters• Wars
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