weaning food ppt & health talk

8/12/2019 Weaning food ppt & health talk

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Weaning


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General Objective:

By the end of the class the

student will be able tounderstand the weaning.


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Specific Objective:By the end of this lecture the student

should be able to: Define weaning. List aims of weaning. Mention time of weaning.

List principle to be followed in weaning. Describe the recommended weaningfood to be introduced at different age.

Describe the preparation of weaningfood.

Recognize some practices common tosome mothers in society. Remember important point in feeding

young children. Enumerate some things that should be

avoided.


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Weaning


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Defini t ion:

It is a gradual addition of solidfoods to the infants dietaccording to infants dietaccording to individualinfants capacity and gradualdiminution of breast orartificial feeding in frequencyand /or quantity.


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Tim e o f Wean ing :

There is no one time forweaning that is best for everychild, but generally mostinfant shows signs ofreadiness during the periodfrom 4-6 months of age.


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Reaso ns fo r Star t ing Wean ingat 4-6 Mon th s :

1. This is the time where breast-feeding becomeinadequate to meet the child nutritional needsparticularly in relation to iron and vit. C.

2. Enzymes necessary to digest the complexstructure of solid food are developed.

3. Bitting is an accomplishment that becomespossible at about 6 months of age.

4. It is a good chance for child to learnindependency by using cup and spoon to feedhimself.

5. To accustom the infant to chew and swallowsolid food.

6. N .B.: the weaning period should extend fromthe time of introduction of the first semisolidfood to the complete the cessation of breast-feeding.


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5. Food should not be mixed in the bottleand feed through a nipple with a largehole.

6. Dont wait too long to introduce solid foodas the infant may not be interested thereafter. By the age of 6 months, the infant

usually learn to like the food offered andwill be willing to try new food.7. Offer new food while baby is hungry.8. Never force the infant to take a new food.

9. Vegetables and non-sweetened food maybe introduced before sweetened food toreduce the tendency to develop desire forsweets.


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Metho ds of Weanin g:

Almost any soft easilydigestible food could beintroduced to the baby fromabout 4 months. Start with ateaspoonful daily andgradually increase both the

quantity given and thenumber of times it is fed tothe baby.


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B y 5th 4t h m on ths :

Add cereal as rice flour powder

cooked in milk and sugar,wheat- Mehalabia. Cereals area good source of iron and vit.B.


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B y 6th 8t h m o n ths :

Soft cooked vegetables instrips or slices. Boil vegetablein water and add salt or sugar

and no fat. Eggs: Hard-boiled egg yolk

(in winter only) better give theegg yolk first and then eggwhite as it may cause someallergic manifestation.


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B y 8th 12th m on ths : Beans (foul, skinned or mashed), ground

meat, chicken liver, fish, rabbit.Mixed food containing 2 or 3 different

food as rice and vegetable (as spinach orgreen marrow or squash) or rice, vegetableand ground chicken. This is a morebalanced diet than if each is used alone.

N .B.: Desserts as custared pudding or jelly

should be added later or better after the first18 months.

After the first year a little butter could beadded to the infant diet.

Better avoid fried food with the 2nd year.


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Prep arat ion o f Wean ingFood:

The introduction of weaning foodis often accompanied by loosestools, this may be due to:

Food too hard. Food too bulky.

Food contaminated.


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So it is very importantto care about:

1. Cleanliness: Is very important, since the firstintroduction of infection to baby is often throughcontaminated food, instruct mothers to wash theirhands and babys hands when he begin to feedhimself.

Cooked food should be covered to protect itfrom the flies and dust. Utensils used in the

preparation of food and feeding should beclean and washed before and after use.


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2. Consistency: Weaning food must

be made into a form and texturethat is soft and easily digestible fora young child. This can be done

through straining and mashing.Dont use mixer / blender inpreparation of vegetable soup as ittransfer it in to a liquid formunsuitable for training babies onswallowing of semi-solid food.


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3. Bulkiness: because the infant has asmall stomach, he shouldnt be givenbulky food with high percentage of water

(as rice). So, it is better to give smallamount of these foods. 4. Frequency of meals: Young infant

should be fed 4-5 times daily, in theirown bowel or plate (so mother can seethe amount taken by child).


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Com m on A rab i cWean ing Pract ic es to

be co m bated:Most mothers use abrupt weaning by either:1. Painting the nipple with sabor, gentian

violet, or Mercurochrome.

2. Interfere with the child reaching ofbreast.3. Complete separation from the child (e.g.

by sending the child to stay withrelatives).

These are harmful customs and should becombated by early and appropriateteaching to the mothers aboutimportance of gradual weaning for the

physical and psychological health of theinfant.


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3-1( Feed ing o f Tod dler : years)

The toddler age group need 1200calories/ day. The primary aim indietary management of thesechildren is to accustom them to

chopped food and remove allstrained food from the diet.The basic food remains the

same. The only difference is theconsistency of each food and size ofserving is governed by the childsactivity, rate of growth, bodystructure and the food habits hebegins to initiate.


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Feedin g of Presc ho olChi ld : (3-6 years)

Need 1500-1600 calories daily.The basic food for preschool

continues as the main stay inthe diet. Children of this agegroup need and enjoy serving tothem in shapes and sizes. Theycan pick up and examine (e.g.raw carrot straws).


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Feedin g of Sch oo l Chi ld : (6-12 years)

Needs 2000-2500 calories daily.The basic food continues to be

used in about the same manneralthough the size of serving mustbe increased.


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Thing s to Rem em berfor Youn g Chi ld ren :

1. Serve in very small amounts,encourage to ask for secondhelping.

2. Serve attractively.

3. Give older child some freedom tochoose food and to eat in his ownway.

4. Dont allow drinking all milk first.

5. Dont with hold food forpunishment.6. Dont hurry child. 7. Dont insist that a child eat all this

before he can have any of that.


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8. Spices have no nutritional value andshouldnt be added to childrensfood.

9. Ingredient used in the preparation ofweaning food is not expensive.

10. By 8-12 months, infant should betrained to drink from cup.

11. By 12-14 months, the child may betaught to use spoon. Spilling willoccur at first but will graduallydecreased with practices. By 2years, child can be taught to spoon-feed himself.

12. The use of fork is not recommendedbefore the age of 3 years.


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Give praise usually at theend of the meal.

Establish good relationshipwith child.

Provide learning

experiences.

13.DO:


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Thing s to b e A vo ided :1. Food that cause chocking as nuts, fruits

with seeds, potato chips, etc 2. Food that produce allergy as fresh milk,

fish, tomato, etc. 3. Artificial colors and flavors foods.4. Salted food might cause hypertension.5. Junk food as sweets, candies that deprive

the child from taking more nutritious foodand encourage the desire for sweets.

6. Highly spiced and fatty food.7. Honey, in some region honey may be

contaminated with clostridium bolutinumspores.

weaning food ppt & health talk

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