weapons of the civil war
TRANSCRIPT
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Northern and Southern Civil War Strategies and Weaponry
1861-1865
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Rev 1812 Mex Civil WW I WW II Korean Vietnam Iraq
U.S. War Deaths in ThousandsFor example, 620,000 died in the Civil War
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Northern Strategy
Isolate and disorganize Confederacy
Blockade Southern ports
Southern Union sympathizers get South to surrender
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Southern Strategy
Defensive war of attrition (strategy of winning by not losing)
Wear out opponent
G. Washington’s strategy in Revolutionary War
Get European support
Jackson, Beauregard, Lee
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Civil War Arms & Technology
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“Why did they fight in lines?”
• Psychology – closeness in numbers. Battles were terrifying
• 1-150 bullets actually hit somebody
• Could see flags above firing smoke fog for formation
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Howitzers
Threw 12-pound shell up to 1000 yards (1/2 mile)
Could be easily disassembled & carried by mule
Smoothbore Howitzer
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Gatling Gun
Limited use in the Civil War - 1864
600 rounds (bullets) in one minute
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Ironclad ships
Iron covered vessels
Revolving turret (cannon)
Brings an end to tall-masted wooden military ships
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Springfield Rifle
Union Army’s standard weapon
Rifled bore - greater accuracy
150 - 200 yards (compared to 80 yards for smooth bore weapons)
Gives rise to trench warfare
Single Shot? Why not multiple shot?
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Telegraph
Long distance communication
Organized troop movement
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Train
Allowed for quick movement of troops & supplies
All major Civil War battles took place 100 or miles less from RR tracks
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Disease
Disease was the chief killer in the war - claiming two soldiers for every one killed in battle. Hospitals were so unsanitary that one Union soldier lamented: "If a fellow has [to go to the] Hospital, you might as well say goodbye.”
-Ken Burns - Civil War