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  • Weathering

  • Mechanical Chemical

  • Types of mechanical weathering?

  • Mechanical weathering

    1) Freeze-thaw

    2) Insolation (heating and cooling)

    3) Pressure release (exfoliation)

    4) Plants and animals

    5) Abrasion (water, ice, wind)

    6) Crystallization pressure

  • Exfoliation, freeze-thaw and vegetation

    Coquihalla Highway

  • Exfoliation |(leading to major slope failure) and freeze-thaw

    Hope Slide

  • Freeze-thaw and vegetation

    The Barrier, Hwy. 99

  • Freeze-thaw and vegetation

    Mt. St. Helens

  • Ohia tree, Big Island, Hawaii

    Vegetation

  • Animals

    Alberta

  • Water and wind abrasion and freeze-thaw

    Colorado River, Page, Arizona

  • Wind abrasion and freeze-thaw

    Page, Arizona

  • Ice abrasion and wave action

    Victoria

  • Crystallization due to insolation and evaporation

  • Insolation, evaporation and crystallization

    Moenkopi Fm., Arizona

  • Chemical weathering

    1) Dissolution

    2) Hydration

    2) Hydrolysis

    3) Oxidation

  • Four main processes of chemical weathering

    Dissolution

    NaCl + H2O Na+ + Cl-

    Halite

    CaCO3 + H2CO3 Ca2+ +2HCO3

    -

    Calcite

    Hydration

    Fe2O3 +3H2O 2Fe(OH)3Hematite Limonite

    Hydrolysis

    Mg2SiO4 + 4H+ 2Mg+ +H4SiO4

    Olivine

    KAlSi3O8 +H+ Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + K+ + H4SiO4

    K-feldspar Kaolinite

    or 2KAlSi3O8 + 2H2CO3 + 9H2O Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 4H4SiO4 + 2K+ + 2HCO3

    -

    Carbonic acid (H2O + CO2 H2CO3)

    Oxidation

    FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + 2S-

    Pyrite Hematite

  • What are the factors that control the rate of weathering at any one

    location or during a period of geological time?


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