Web 2.0SI 658 Information Architecture

11/28/2006David Hsiao

-From Wikipedia.com

Before Web 2.0, the Web 1.0

Earlier web applications or "Web 1.0" (so dubbed after the event by proponents of Web 2.0) often consisted of static HTML pages, rarely (if ever) updated.

They depended solely on HTML, which a new Internet content-provider could learn fairly easily.

Web 1.0 Logo Mosaic

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Difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0

http://www.ajaxian.com/archives/how-to-tell-the-difference-between-web-10-and-web-20

What is Web 2.0?

“Web 2.0, a phrase coined by O'Reilly Media in 2004, refers to a supposed second generation of Internet-based services—such as social networking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies—that emphasize online collaboration and sharing among users.” – Wikipedia.com

The "2.0-ness" is not something new, but rather a fuller realization of the true potential of the web platform, this phrase gives us a key insight into how to design applications and services for the new platform.

Web 1.0 to Web 2.0

Web 1.0   Web 2.0 DoubleClick --> Google AdSense

Ofoto --> Flickr Akamai --> BitTorrent mp3.com --> Napster

Britannica Online --> Wikipedia personal websites --> blogging

evite --> upcoming.org and EVDB domain name speculation --> search engine optimization

page views --> cost per click screen scraping --> web services

publishing --> participation content management systems --> wikis

directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy") stickiness --> syndication

Comparison Web 1.0 & Web 2.0

Web 1.0 Web 2.0

reading writing

companies communities

client-server peer to peer

home pages blogs

portals tags

owning sharing

Netscape Google

lectures conversation

advertising word of mouth

services sold over the web web services

http://joedrumgoole.com/blog/2006/05/29/web-20-vs-web-10/

Time bar of Web 2.0 buzz words

From Widipedia.com: Web 2.0

1. The Web As Platform

Delivering (and allowing users to use) applications entirely through a browser.

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1. The Web As Platform

Overture and Google's success came from an understanding of what Chris Anderson refers to as "the long tail," the collective power of the small sites that make up the bulk of the web's content.

The Web 2.0 lesson: reach out to the entire web, to the edges and not just the center, to the long tail and not just the head.

2. Harnessing Collective Intelligence

network effects created by an architecture of participation (the nature of systems that are designed for user contribution).

Wikipediadel.icio.us and Flickr

◦folksonomy

Lesson: Network effects from user contributions are the key to market dominance in the Web 2.0 era

3. Data is the Next Intel Inside

Data as the driving force.

Amazon "embraced and extended" their data suppliers.◦ they harnessed their users to annotate the data.

Unique Data Rules - Everyone can get the same base data, it is how you use the data and add value to the data tat makes the difference.

Mashups - innovation in assembly of systems and sites composed by pulling together features from distributed, independent developers (a kind of "open source" development)

4. End of the Software Release Cycle

Operations must become a core competency.◦the shift from software as artifact to software as

service that the software will cease to perform unless it is maintained on a daily basis.

Users must be treated as co-developers◦Real time monitoring of user behavior to see

just which new features are used, and how they are used

5. Lightweight Programming Models

lightweight business models enabled by content and service syndication

Support lightweight programming models that allow for loosely coupled systems.

Think syndication, not coordination.

Design for "hackability" and remixability.

"innovation in assembly." ◦ When commodity components are abundant, you can create

value simply by assembling them in novel or effective ways.

6. Software Above the Level of a Single Device

Seamless interaction between devices, not just one device – computer.

iTunes and TiVo ◦They are not web applications per se, but they

leverage the power of the web platform, making it a seamless, almost invisible part of their infrastructure.

7. Rich User Experiences

"Ajax isn't a technology. It's really several technologies, each flourishing in its own right, coming together in powerful new ways. Ajax incorporates:

◦ standards-based presentation using XHTML and CSS;

◦ dynamic display and interaction using the Document Object Model;

◦ data interchange and manipulation using XML and XSLT;◦ ◦ asynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequest;

◦ and JavaScript binding everything together."

Foundation Attributes

User-Contributed Value - Users make substantive contributions to enhance the overall value of a service.

The Long Tail - Beating the sales of one or two best-seller products by using the Internet to sell a cumulatively greater amount of the products that have low demand or low sales.

Network Effect - For users, the value of the network substantially increases with the addition of each new user.

Experience Attributes

Decentralization - Users experience services on their terms, not those of a centralized authority, such as a corporation.

Co-creation - Users participate in the creation and delivery of the primary value of a service.

Remixability - Experiences are created and tailored to user needs by integrating the capabilities of multiple services and organizations.

Emergent Systems - Cumulative actions at the lowest levels of the system drive the form and value of the overall system. Users derive value not only from the service itself, but also the overall shape that a service inherits from user behaviors.

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Characteristics of Web 2.0

"Network as platform" — delivering (and allowing users to use) applications entirely through a browser.

Users owning the data on the site and exercising control over that data.

An architecture of participation and democracy that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it.

A rich, interactive, user-friendly interface based on Ajax or similar frameworks.

Some social-networking aspects.

Web 2.0 Design Pattern

1. The Long Tail

2. Data is the Next Intel Inside

3. Users Add Value

4. Network Effects by Default

5. Some Rights Reserved.

6. The Perpetual Beta

7. Cooperate, Don't Control

8. Software Above the Level of a Single Device

Web 2.0 Logo Mosaic

http://www.web2logo.com/

Web 2.0: an attitude

Web 2.0 is a upgrade in “thought” and “idea” not just “technology.”

Beyond the technology, Web 2.0 brings with it a shift in mind-set.

Web 2.0 is an attitude not a technology. It’s about enabling and encouraging participation through open applications and services. By open I mean technically open with appropriate APIs but also, more importantly, socially open, with rights granted to use the content in new and exciting contexts. - Ian Davis

Information Architecture 2.0

For Web 2.0, information architects must focus on the higher-level structures that create an overall information framework for a site.

Three factors are creating new challenges for information architects that have emerged with Web 2.0:◦users expecting more control over information

management ◦ large and dynamic information spaces ◦unstructured metadata

Information Architecture 2.0

“Information architects … must think about the structures and patterns that govern these dynamic information spaces.”

With users continually contributing both content and metadata, information architects have much less raw data to work with up front.

Information Architect must think about the structures and patterns that govern these dynamic information spaces without losing sight of their primary responsibility: ensuring people can find the information they need.

Any Question?Thank You